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Van Bevrijdingsdag naar Dag van de Vrijheid:De viering van 5 mei en de Nederlands-Duitse betrekkingen sinds 1945
No full textAllgemein-bildender Geometrieunterricht – Sozial gerecht. Geometrisierung: Vom Phänomen zur Mathematik, vom Raum in die Ebene und zurück:Vorträge auf der 39. und 40. Herbsttagung des Arbeitskreises Geometrie in der Gesellschaft für Didaktik der Mathematik in Saarbrücken
No full textDer vorliegende Tagungsband enthält 16 Beiträge der Herbsttagungen 2023 und 2024 des Arbeitskreises Geometrie in der GDM, u. a. zu den Themenbereichen
- soziale Gerechtigkeit im Mathematikunterricht, speziell in der Geometrie,
- vom Phänomen zur Mathematik sowie
- vom Raum in die Ebene und zurück.
Darüber hinaus befinden sich am Ende des Bandes Beiträge zu unterschiedlichen Themen der Geometrie und ihrer Didaktik wie zu Häusern der Vierecke und Tetraeder, zu Vorstellungen zu Kongruenzabbildungen, zu Kreisförmigkeit im weiteren Sinn sowie zu Flächensätzen im Umfeld rechtwinkliger Dreiecke
Artificial Intelligence in the German Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry: A Comparative Analysis of Empirical Survey Results
No full textThis study presents a comparative analysis of survey data collected from 124 companies in the German chemical and pharmaceutical industry in 2020 and 2025. The findings reveal a clear upward trend in digitalization: in 2025, 91% of companies rated digitalization as "relevant" or "very relevant", up from 75% in 2020. Over this period, digital initiatives shifted from a focus on basic IT infrastructure and communication tools to a more consistent integration of artificial intelligence (AI). The adoption of AI grew substantially, with active use expanding from 34% of companies in 2020 to 76% in 2025. Generative AI tools, such as ChatGPT and customized enterprise assistants, are
increasingly embedded in daily operations, particularly in large firms and a rising number of SMEs. AI’s relevance is highest in research & development and customer service, likely reflecting new generative AI capabilities. Main obstacles to AI shifted from organizational and budget issues in 2020
to technical and regulatory challenges, particularly IT security, in 2025. Mid-sized companies (50-999 employees) report the greatest difficulties in keeping pace with digital transformation. Overall, the sector is transitioning from isolated pilot projects to broad, multi-functional use of AI technologies
Cardiac Electrophysiological Effects of the Sodium Channel-Blocking Antiepileptic Drugs Lamotrigine and Lacosamide
No full textBackground: The two antiepileptic drugs lacosamide and lamotrigine exert their antiepileptic effect by inhibiting sodium channels. Lacosamide enhances the inactivation of sodium channels, while lamotrigine inhibits the activation of the channel. Interactions with sodium channels also play an interesting role in cardiac pro- and antiarrhythmia, with inhibition of inactivation, in particular, being regarded as potentially proarrhythmic. Therefore, the ventricular electrophysiologic effects of lacosamide and lamotrigine were investigated in an established experimental whole-heart model. Methods: A total of 67 rabbit hearts were allocated to four groups. Retrograde aortic perfusion was performed using the Langendorff setup. The action potential duration at 90% repolarization (APD90), QT intervals, spatial dispersion of repolarization, effective refractory period, post-repolarization refractoriness, and VT incidence were determined. The electrophysiological effects of lacosamide and lamotrigine were investigated in increasing concentrations on the natively perfused heart. On the other hand, perfusion with the IKr-blocker sotalol was performed to increase arrhythmia susceptibility, followed by perfusion with lacosamide or lamotrigine to investigate the effects of both in a setting of increased arrhythmia susceptibility. Perfusion with lacosamide and lamotrigine tended to decrease APD90 and QT-interval. As expected, perfusion with sotalol led to a significant increase in APD90, QT interval, and arrhythmia incidence. Additive perfusion with lacosamide led to a further increase in arrhythmia incidence, while additive perfusion with lamotrigine led to a decrease in VT incidence. Conclusions: In this model, lacosamide showed proarrhythmic effects, especially in the setting of an additive prolonged QT interval. Lamotrigine showed no significant proarrhythmia under baseline conditions and rather antiarrhythmic effects with additive QT prolongation
Changing Antiarrhythmic Drug Regimen in Patients with Amiodarone and Ablation Refractory Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias Is Associated with Increased Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Shocks—A Retrospective Analysis from a Large Tertiary Center
No full textBackground and Objective: Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators (ICDs) are crucial in treating ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VTs) and preventing sudden cardiac death. However, ICD shocks are linked to higher mortality and a lower quality of life. Many patients suffer from recurrent VTs despite concomitant antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) therapy with amiodarone, and it is unclear if changing the AAD while on chronic amiodarone therapy is beneficial. Hence, we investigated the impact of changing the AAD on the incidence of appropriate ICD shocks in patients on chronic amiodarone, impaired LV function, and at least one previous VT ablation. Methods and Results: We retrospectively analyzed 131 ICD patients (LVEF < 40%) from a single-center registry. All were on chronic amiodarone and had undergone VT ablation. The mean age was 66.0 ± 12.8 years; 82.4% were male; and the follow-up period averaged 5.8 ± 0.6 years. Ischemic cardiomyopathy was present in 52.7% of patients. AAD therapy was changed in 49 patients (37.4%), primarily due to inefficacy (40.8%), intolerance (16.3%), or other reasons (42.9%). Of those, 8 received flecainide (≥200 mg) and 41 sotalol (≥240 mg); 82 (62.6%) continued amiodarone. VT re-ablation was performed in 23.7%. During follow-up, 11 patients (8.4%) died and 18 (13.7%) received appropriate ICD shocks—17 with changed AAD vs. 1 with continued amiodarone (p ≤ 0.01). A multivariate regression showed that switching from amiodarone to flecainide or sotalol was significantly associated with increased ICD shock risk (OR 34.9; 95% CI 4.3–283.8; p < 0.01). Conclusions: In patients on chronic amiodarone with severely impaired LV function and at least one previous VT ablation, changing AAD therapy to flecainide or sotalol is associated with an increased incidence of appropriate ICD shocks
CutFEM forward modeling for EEG source analysis
No full textIntroduction: Source analysis of Electroencephalography (EEG) data requires the computation of the scalp potential induced by current sources in the brain. This so-called EEG forward problem is based on an accurate estimation of the volume conduction effects in the human head, represented by a partial differential equation which can be solved using the finite element method (FEM). FEM offers flexibility when modeling anisotropic tissue conductivities but requires a volumetric discretization, a mesh, of the head domain. Structured hexahedral meshes are easy to create in an automatic fashion, while tetrahedral meshes are better suited to model curved geometries. Tetrahedral meshes, thus, offer better accuracy but are more difficult to create. Methods: We introduce CutFEM for EEG forward simulations to integrate the strengths of hexahedra and tetrahedra. It belongs to the family of unfitted finite element methods, decoupling mesh and geometry representation. Following a description of the method, we will employ CutFEM in both controlled spherical scenarios and the reconstruction of somatosensory-evoked potentials. Results: CutFEM outperforms competing FEM approaches with regard to numerical accuracy, memory consumption, and computational speed while being able to mesh arbitrarily touching compartments. Discussion: CutFEM balances numerical accuracy, computational efficiency, and a smooth approximation of complex geometries that has previously not been available in FEM-based EEG forward modeling
Das letzte Mittel staatlicher Gewalt: Juristische Rahmenbedingungen, Prävalenz und Forschungsstand zum polizeilichen Schusswaffengebrauch
No full textDer Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen, die vorhandene Datengrundlage sowie den aktuellen Forschungsstand zum polizeilichen Schusswaffengebrauch. Zunächst werden die in Deutschland geltenden rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen analysiert, unter denen Polizeikräfte von ihrer Schusswaffe Gebrauch machen dürfen, wobei sowohl die öffentlich-rechtliche Ermächtigung als auch die strafrechtliche Rechtfertigung betrachtet werden. Bei der Auswertung des Ausmaßes des Schusswaffengebrauchs werden sowohl die offiziellen Statistiken, beauftragt durch die Innenministerkonferenz, als auch zivilgesellschaftlich gesammelte Medienberichte herangezogen. Dabei zeigt sich, dass insbesondere die offizielle Dokumentation bislang unzureichend ist. Darüber hinaus wird innerhalb des Beitrags der gegenwärtige Forschungsstand referiert, wobei deutlich wird, dass die empirische Forschung in Deutschland noch am Anfang steht. Internationale Studien, insbesondere aus den USA, geben Hinweise auf relevante Forschungsperspektiven, etwa zu ethnischen Disparitäten oder der Rolle psychischer Erkrankungen im Zusammenhang mit polizeilichem Schusswaffengebrauch. Diese Erkenntnisse sind aufgrund unterschiedlicher rechtlicher und gesellschaftlicher Kontexte jedoch nur begrenzt übertragbar. Der Beitrag macht deutlich, dass mehr empirische Forschung zum polizeilichen Schusswaffengebrauch in Deutschland erforderlich ist – sowohl für den wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisgewinn als auch zum Schutz aller in entsprechende Situationen involvierten Personen.This article examines the legal framework, empirical evidence, and current research on police firearm use. The analysis begins with a comprehensive review of German legal provisions governing police firearm deployment, encompassing both public law authorizations and criminal law justifications. To assess the prevalence of firearm use, the study synthesizes official statistics from the Standing Conference of Interior Ministers with media reports documented by civil society organizations in Germany. This comparative analysis reveals significant deficiencies in official documentation practices. The article then evaluates the current state of research, highlighting the nascent nature of empirical studies in Germany. While international research, particularly from the United States, offers valuable insights into crucial aspects such as ethnic disparities and the role of mental illness in police firearm incidents, the transferability of these findings is constrained by distinct legal and sociocultural contexts. This analysis underlines the urgent need for expanded empirical research on police firearm use in Germany, both to advance scholarly understanding and to enhance safety protocols for all parties involved
Der Einfluss von Führungskräften auf eine christliche Unternehmenskultur:Theoretische Sondierungen und Erträge einer Interviewstudie
No full textFührungskräfte nehmen in Unternehmen nicht nur Schlüsselpositionen bei Entscheidungsprozessen ein, sondern fungieren auch als Träger*innen und Vermittler*innen von Werten und Überzeugungen – insbesondere in christlichen (Sozial-)Unternehmen. Dieses Arbeitspapier untersucht, inwiefern das spezifisch christliche Profil eines christlichen (Sozial-)Unternehmens durch seine Führungskräfte geprägt wird. Methodisch wird eine theoretische Fundierung anhand einer Literaturstudie mit einer explorativen Interviewstudie kombiniert. Die Analyse zeigt, dass Führungskräften eine zentrale und nicht ersetzbare Rolle zukommt: Einerseits verfügen sie über die Möglichkeit, Strukturen und Prozesse zu beeinflussen, andererseits wirken sie als Vorbilder und Impulsgeber*innen für das gesamte Unternehmen. Zugleich ist jedoch das alltägliche Handeln der Mitarbeitenden ebenso bedeutsam für die Verwirklichung christlicher Werte und damit für das christliche Profil wie das Wirken der Führungskräfte
Differential effects of social feedback valence and self-relevance on brain responses and behaviour
No full textTheoretical accounts propose that people update their feedback expectations asymmetrically, with stronger updating after positive than negative feedback and self-relevant than irrelevant feedback. Further, attributions to the senders influence neuronal responses towards social evaluative feedback. In this study, we examined how both attributed self-relevance and acquired sender valence through their feedback behaviour impact learning about and Event-Related Potential (ERP) responses towards the social evaluative feedback. We investigated these questions in an ERP study (N = 40), where participants received either constant positive or negative feedback from senders, either self-relevant or directed to an unknown person. Participants first indicated their feedback expectations and were then exposed to the feedback and the sender’s face. Feedback expectations changed according to sender behaviour over time, while surprisingly, expectations changed stronger for negative senders in general and positive self-irrelevant senders. For feedback, increased P1 responses to worse-than-expected feedback were observed, while mid-latency Early Posterior Negativity; Feedback Related Negativity (FRN) and late components Late Positive Potential to feedback were increased by feedback self-relevance. The FRN was additionally affected by sender valence and expectedness. Our findings thereby reveal different facets of behavioural and neuronal effects of attributed sender self-relevance and acquired sender valence