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Ett Tränat Öga
No full textBakgrund: Inom fotbollen råder det oenighet kring definitionen av begreppet talang. Vissa
menar att talang utgörs av medfödda egenskaper, andra hävdar att talang bildas vid mycket
träning. Ändå är talang hos unga fotbollsspelare en central del av den akademi som finns
inom fotbollsklubbar med elitambitioner. Tränaren är en viktig del av hur talang uppfattas och
påverkar vilka som elitsatsar i akademier. Som teoretiskt ramverk används en idrottsanpassad version av gatekeeping- teorin.
Syfte: Studien syftar till att undersöka hur akademitränare ser på talang hos unga
fotbollsspelare.
Metod: Fem semi-strukturerade intervjuer med akademitränare har genomförts.
Den insamlade datan bearbetades sedan utifrån en induktiv tematisk analys.
Resultat: Analysen av materialet resulterade i fem övergripande teman; Arvet, Miljö,
Inställning, Oviss Framtid och Helheten.
Diskussion: Tränarnas syn på talang visar att den definieras av tränarnas eget tycke och smak.
Talang verkar vara en sammansättning fysiologiska, tekniska och kognitiva egenskaper som
bildas av det genetiska arvet och miljön.Backround: Within football there is disagreement around the definition of the term ”talent”.
Some say that talent consists of abilities that are innate. Others say that talent is formed
through training. Despite that, talent in young football players is regarded a central part of the
academy system that exists in football clubs with elite ambition. The coach is also an
important part of how talent is perceived and affects which players makes an elite investment
in an academy. The theoretical frameworks that were used on the study consists of a sports-
customized version of the gatekeeping theory.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine how academy coaches view talent in young
football players.
Method: Five separate semi-structured interviews with academy coaches were conducted.
The data collected were processed using an inductive thematic analysis.
Resultat: The analysis of the gathered material resulted in five overall themes: Legacy,
Environment, Attitude, Uncertain Future and Entirety.
Discussion: The coaches view on talent shows that talent is defined by the coaches liking and
taste. Talent seem to be a composition of the physiological, technical and cognitive abilities
that are formed by the genetic legacy and the environment
Kvaliteter i offentliga rum genom temporära användningar Fallstudier av offentliga miljöer inom kommunal planering i Halmstad och Malmö
No full textDetta examensarbete undersöker vilka kvaliteter som ”temporär användning” skapar inom kommunal svensk stadsutveckling, men även hur temporär användning används. Idag finns det regelverk enligt reglering av Plan-och bygglagen (PBL) som styr hur offentliga miljöer på gator och torg får användas och går under begreppet "tillfällig användning" enligt anvisningar för bygglov och detaljplaner. En alternativ användning i staden är temporär användning som är ett nyare verktyg inom stadsutvecklingen, men som inte används mycket i Sverige, iallafall vad gäller begreppets användning. På senare år har kommunal stadsutveckling i Sverige vågat testa och göra om offentliga rum till olika alternativa sådana. Det handlar om att arbeta med stadsutvecklingen på en mer demokratisk nivå där invånarna är mer involverade i stadsutvecklingen och på en nivå för att kunna nå olika kommunala mål. Att använda temporär användning är ett demokratiskt verktyg för att invånarna själva ska kunna få möjligheten att vara med och påverka utvecklingen av vad som behövs och inte i den offentliga miljön. Detta för att spegla stadens behov och skapar underlag för kommunen att arbeta med stadens stadsutveckling. Genom temporär användning i den offentliga miljön sker stadsutvecklingen på ett friare sätt till skillnad från att bara förhålla sig till beständiga regelverk och traditionell stadsutveckling. Temporär användning är, till skillnad från en traditionell storskalig och långsam planeringsprocess, ett sätt för kommunen att stegvis bygga upp viktiga underlag tillsammans med människor i staden för kommande stadsutveckling. Att förändra offentliga miljöer genom aktivering på olika sätt, skapar förutsättningar för att generera nya tankesätt i stadsutvecklingen där invånare i en stad är mer involverade i hur staden används och utvecklas.
Detta examensarbete beskriver att temporär användning kan ses som ett verktyg och ett test i kommunal stadsutvecklingen där ekonomiska investeringar för temporär användning kan gynna en eventuell ”permanent användning” eller återkommande användning vid senare utveckling i staden. I dagsläget arbetar kommuner med budgetar som är begränsade och skiljer sig mellan städer. Att använda temporär användning inom kommunal planering kan även skapa bättre förutsättningar för utökat förtroende mellan invånare och kommunen.
Arbetet omfattas av fallstudier mellan Halmstads kommun och Malmös kommun med innehåll av enkätundersökning, teorier och intervjuer av tjänstemän från respektive kommun. Enkätundersökningen utgörs av ställda frågor till tio slumpvis olika kommuner runt om i landet om huruvida temporär användning och tillfällig användning ställer sig mot varandra och hur de används inom kommunal stadsutveckling. Fallstudierna består av ett fall i Halmstad och fyra fall i Malmö. De olika fallstudierna är exempel på temporära användningar som tillämpas i olika former. Båda städerna har långsiktiga mål som behöver uppnås enligt städernas översiktsplaner där det finns målsättningar och visioner om städernas framtid.
Arbetet omfattas även av dokumentanalys med teorier från arkitekterna Jan Gehl, Bruno Latour, Malin Zimm, Peter Bishop och forskaren Lesley William.This thesis examines the qualities that “temporary use” creates in municipal Swedish urban development, but also how temporary use is used. Today, there are regulations under the regulations of the Planning and Building Act (PBL) that govern how public environments on streets and squares can be used and goes under the concept of "temporary use" according to instructions for building permits and detailed plans. An alternative use in the city is temporary use, which is a newer tool in urban development, but which is not widely used in Sweden, at least in terms of the use of the concept. In recent years, municipal urban development in Sweden has dared to test and transform public spaces into various alternative ones. It is about working with urban development on a more democratic level, where residents are more involved in urban development and on a level to achieve different municipal goals. The use of temporary use is a democratic tool for the inhabitants themselves to have the opportunity to participate in and influence the development of what is needed and not the public environment. This is to reflect the city's needs, which creates the basis for the municipality to work with the city's urban development. Through temporary use in the public environment, urban development takes place in a freer way, as opposed to only relating to permanent regulations and traditional urban development. Temporary use, unlike a traditional large-scale and slow planning process, is a way for the municipality to gradually build up important substrates together with people in the city for future urban development. Changing public environments through activation in different ways creates the conditions for generating new ways of thinking in urban development where residents of a city are more involved in how the city is used and developed.
This thesis describes that temporary use can be seen as a tool and test in municipal urban development where financial investments for temporary use can favor any "permanent use" or recurring use in later development. At present, municipalities work with budgets that are limited and differ between cities. Using temporary use in municipal planning can also create better conditions for increased trust between residents and the municipality.
The work is covered by case studies between Halmstad municipality and Malmö municipality with content of a survey, theories and interviews of officials from each municipality. The survey consists of posed questions to ten randomly different municipalities around the country about whether temporary use and temporary use contrast with each other and how they are used in municipal urban development. The case studies consist of one in Halmstad and four in Malmö. The various case studies are examples of temporary use applied in different forms. Both cities have long-term goals that need to be achieved according to the cities 'overall plans, where there are goals and visions about the cities' future
Rheological behaviour of probiotic bacteria dispersed in maltodextrin and sucrose solutions
No full textProbiotic bacteria are live microorganisms, which manifest health benefits in humans. The goal of this work was to characterize rheological properties of probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus reuteri) formulation in which maltodextrin and sucrose used as excipients. To fulfil the goal, first, thermal, structural and rheological properties of maltodextrin, sucrose solutions and probiotic bacteria slurry were investigated. Probiotic bacteria formulations were prepared by adding probiotic bacteria slurry to maltodextrin and sucrose solutions at different mass fractions. Finally, rheological properties of probiotic bacteria formulations were evaluated. From TGA, the water content of PB slurry including intracellular water found 81%. In DLS, three different types of aggregations of maltodextrin were observed and characteristic size of Probiotic bacteria found 1μm. The optical microscopy results indicate that at the liquid - air interface and in dehydrated state the bacteria are birefringent and arranged in an ordered fashion resembling a nematic phase. Most of the MD, SU and MD+SU solutions show Newtonian behaviour. MD and SU solutions show strong increase of viscosity with increasing concentration. This dependence can be described by using the Spurlin–Martin–Tennent’s model. The viscosities of MD+SU solutions increase with increasing proportion of maltodextrin. The oscillation data of MD and MD+SU solutions can be described by Maxwell model. The viscosities of MD, SU, MD+SU mixed solutions decrease with increasing temperature. This temperature dependency can be described by Arrhenius model of viscosity. At very high concentrations of MD, a deviation from this behaviour is observed. The probiotic bacteria slurry shows shear thinning behaviour at low shear stress and Newtonian behaviour at higher stresses. All probiotic formulations in which probiotic bacteria dispersed in maltodextrin and sucrose solutions show Newtonian behaviour. The viscosities of maltodextrin solutions and MD+SU mixed solutions decrease by addition of probiotic bacteria whereas mixed effects of probiotic bacteria addition on the viscosity of sucrose solutions were observed. The viscosity of probiotic bacteria slurry decreases with increasing temperature, although deviations from this behavior are seen at certain conditions
Participatory Design Fiction Curator – Providing inspiration from Participatory Design fiction Research
No full textDesigners take inspiration about the future in order to shape values for their design practice, especially when
new technologies are involved. Participatory design fiction is an approach that enables designers to reflect
upon futures are created by non-designers. These narratives about technologies that come from nondesigners
are valuable for designers in the industry as inspirational material. Nonetheless, the distance
between the academic research and designers in the industry makes difficult the spreading of design fictions
produced by non-designers.
This thesis project explore the following: How might we design a digital infrastructure that integrates the end
user's imaginaries about new technologies as inspiration and material for reflection in the design industry
practice?
As well as: How might we enable the design research community to share results of their participatory design
fiction experiments with the design industry in ways that benefit both parts?
I will present an investigation in the relations between the academic design researchers and the design
practitioners by the means of co-design workshops, interviews, virtual ethnography and iterative prototyping.
The outcome is an infrastructure which takes advantage of the existing practices of the design community on
Twitter. By investigating these social media dynamics, I intent to create a bridge between academia and
design industry for enabling critical inspiration from participatory design fiction outcomes. The final prototype
is a Twitter account run by a bot which enables an autonomous collection of design fictions from nondesigners
shared on Twitter by design researchers with designers from the industry
Demokratiska värderingar i likabehandlingsplaner - En kvalitativ textanalys ur ett intersektionellt perspektiv
No full textThere is a lack of studies focusing on the analysis of the democratic values in preschool. Preschool teachers lack both the necessary knowledge and tools to be able to realize the assignment and to convert what is observed in practice into analysis. Thus, the purpose of the study is to investigate how democratic values are conveyed into equal treatment plans. The research questions are: How are democratic values conveyed into equal treatment plans? What democratic values are conveyed into equal treatment plans? The theory that has been used is based on an intersectional perspective and the concepts category, construction and values, which further function as analytical tools. The methodology was conducted as a qualitative text analysis through seven Swedish equal treatment plans for preschool. The results of the analysis show that equal treatment plans convey democratic values through promotion, prevention and remedial work. In addition, all equal treatment plans convey some of the following democratic values: All people's equal value, Human rights and freedoms, Protection of minorities, Diversity of opinions and characteristics and Non- violence
Temporär användning av plats för dynamisk stadsutveckling
No full textUppsatsen undersöker huruvida temporär användning av plats kan vara en
alternativ metod som ett svar på en del av de utmaningar städer står inför,
något som efterfrågas i SOU Ett snabbare bostadsbyggande
(Byggrättsutredningen, 2018). En fallstudie av det temporära projektet
Nobelberget i Sickla, Stockholm, har genomförts. Temporär användning av
Nobelberget initierades av Atrium Ljungberg, ett privat fastighetsbolag,
bostadsexploatering på Nobelberget senarelades till följd av en utdragen
planprocess. Under det temporära projektet som pågick i fyra år, 2015–2019,
blev platsen en arena för kultur och evenemang. Genom fallstudien som
baseras främst på intervjuer har vi kunnat studera vilken inverkan det
temporära haft på den privata aktören Atrium Ljungberg, kommunen
(offentlig sektor), aktörerna på platsen som främst sysslat med kultur, samt
hur det temporära påverkat staden och det som idag byggs på Nobelberget.
Fallstudien analyseras utifrån det teoretiska ramverket som i uppsatsen
framställs, vilket utgår från teorier om temporalitet, plats, strategisk
planering och taktik.
Studien påvisar att det temporära projektet medfört att samtliga inblandade
aktörers verksamheter har utvecklats som en konsekvens av det temporära
projektet. Atrium Ljungberg och kommunen har tvingats utmana sig själva och
gå utanför de ramar de vanligtvis verkar inom för att genomföra projektet.
Kulturaktörernas verksamheter har stimulerats av det temporära, ett fokus på
skapande och aktion har kunnat ske då tidsbegränsningen som uppstår med
det temporära inte rymmer ältande och utdragna processer. Fallstudien
synliggör dock att det finns en problematik till följd av det temporära,
framförallt att kulturaktörer strukturellt förpassas till stadens mindre
beständiga och perifera platser. Därför är en slutsats av denna uppsats att det
temporära nödvändigtvis inte är lösningen på stadens utmaningar, men att det
kan ha en katalyserande kraft samt en förmåga att synliggöra styrkor och
brister i planeringen av det urbana.This thesis investigates whether temporary use of space can be an alternative
method in meeting the city's challenges, such as is requested in the government
inquiry Ett snabbare bostadsbyggande (translated to: A more rapid housing
development) (Byggrättsutredningen, 2018). A case study of the temporary
project Nobelberget in Sickla, Stockholm, was implemented. Temporary use of
Nobelberget was initiated by Atrium Ljungberg, a private real estate company,
when their property with planned housing development was delayed as a result
of an extended planning process. During the temporary project that ran for
four years (2015-2019), the site became an arena for cultural activities and
events. Through the case study, which is based primarily on interviews, we
have been able to study the effect the temporary use had on the private actor
Atrium Ljungberg, the municipality (public sector), the actors on the site who
mainly engaged in culture, and how its temporary use affected the city and
what is currently being built on Nobelberget. The case study is analyzed based
on the theoretical framework presented in the thesis, which is based on
theories of temporality, place, strategic planning and tactics.
The study shows that the temporary project led to development in the internal
organization of involved actors and their activities. To carry out the project,
Atrium Ljungberg and the municipality have been forced to challenge
themselves and go beyond the framework they usually operate within. The
limited timeframe, resulting from the temporary use of space, has resulted in
an environment which promotes increased creativity and accelerated action.
However, the case study also highlights problematic consequences of the
temporary use of space, not least the structural dispatching of cultural actors
to the less permanent and peripheral areas of the city. Therefore, one
conclusion of this thesis is that the temporary use of space is not necessarily
the solution to the city's challenges, but rather a catalyzing power and an ability
to make the strengths and shortcomings of urban city spaces visible
Personliga ombuds upplevelser och erfarenhet av möten med suicidnära klienter - en intervjustudie
No full textPersonliga ombud (PO) arbetar för att stötta personer med allvarlig psykisk ohälsa till återhämtning och egenmakt. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka personliga ombuds upplevelser och erfarenhet av att möta klienter som är suicidnära, hur samarbetet med dessa klienter ser ut samt att undersöka vilken typ av stöd ombuden upplever att de behöver för att kunna utföra sitt arbete och samtidigt skydda sig själva från sekundära trauman som kan medfölja en klients suicidförsök eller fullbordat suicid. Telefonintervjuer genomfördes med sex personliga ombud som är yrkesverksamma i sex olika kommuner i Sverige. Empirin presenteras i fem teman: intersubjektivitet och empati, risk för sekundärtrauma och emotionell påverkan, distant närhet, arbetsmetoder och förhållningssätt, och individuella och formella stödsystem. Resultaten visar att relationen till klienten är utgångspunkten för att utveckla arbetsmetoder som främjar hopp och återhämtning men som samtidigt sätter PO i risk för emotionell påverkan som går ut över arbetsliv och privatliv. För att förebygga detta beskrivs vikten av att hålla en balans mellan distans och närhet i den personliga relationen till klienter, en trygg arbetsmiljö med tillitsfulla interpersonella relationer till kollegor och tillgång till handledning och annat professionellt stöd. Ombuden använder metoder som är suicidpreventiva med få dödsfall trots att ett relativt stort antal klienter uttrycker suicidala tankar.Personal ombudsman (PO) is working to support persons with severe mental health problems in their path to recovery and empowerment. This work requires a close and trustful relationship between PO and client. The clients sometimes experience suicidal thoughts which is a factor that the PO needs to acknowledge. The purpose of this study is to examine the experience of PO in working with suicidal clients, how that work is conducted and to find out what kind of support the PO:s need to be able to do their job and at the same time protect themselves from secondary trauma that could follow a clients attempted or completed suicide. Phone interviews were conducted with six PO who is working in six different parts of Sweden. The data are presented in five themes: intersubjectivity and empathy, the risk of secondary trauma and emotional affect, distant closeness, work methods and approaches and individual and formal support systems. The results indicate that the relationship with the client is the starting point for the development of work methods that supports hope and recovery but at the same time puts the PO in risk of emotional affect that in turn can affect personal and professional life. To prevent this risk a balance between distance and closeness in the relationship with the client is needed as well as a safe and supportive working environment and access to supervision and other professional support is needed. PO is using methods that supports suicide prevention with relatively few deaths despite the frequency of clients expressing suicidal thoughts
Exploring Exceptionalism in Foreign Policy Discourses: How can we understand South Africa’s unconstitutional and ineffective withdrawal from the Rome Statute?
No full textThis thesis seeks to understand South Africa’s withdrawal from the Rome Statute with a focus on the defective nature of the underlying decision-making process which resulted in an unconstitutional and ineffective withdrawal. To make sense of this procedural irrationality, the self-understanding of the central decision-making unit, the South African executive, was studied by applying the analytical framework of comparative exceptionalism. For this purpose, a qualitative content analysis was conducted which has highlighted particularist and universalist arguments in the discourse of the executive. The findings revealed that a superior morality is discursively constructed by referring to the moral mission of the ANC, South Africa’s strict adherence to its historical values, and to the country’s universal ‘Vision of a Better Africa and a Better world’. Overall, a virtually divine self-understanding as being the ‘moral compass’ in global politics is evident. It is concluded that despite making unilateral implications, the withdrawal from the Rome Statute neither signals a shift towards exemptionalism in South Africa’s foreign policy nor reflects an advancement towards regional hegemony. Rather, it demonstrates the large discrepancies between South Africa’s self-understanding and the prevalent challenges that the government is facing domestically and internationally, which are increasingly hindering its nation-building efforts
Sustainability Discourse in the Fast-Moving Consumer Goods Sector – A comparison between Procter & Gamble and Unilever
No full textEnvironmental protection has gained a lot of attention in recent years. People, governments and NGOs understand that our economic growth needs to be sustainable and respect the ecosystem. Everyone has a role to play in the planet conservation, from consumers to industries. This paper investigates on a linguistic level how the fast-moving consumer goods companies such as Procter & Gamble and Unilever communicate about their sustainability profile, as well as the differences and similarities in their communications. Lastly, I analysed the companies’ sustainability goals and how they relate to those established by the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). My methodology was a Faircloughian textual analysis of each company’s official web pages with a focus on their sustainability section. The results show that each company addresses their impact on the environment on different sustainability goals. To resolve the environmental challenges, both companies count on innovative technologies to improve their products so they become eco-friendly. This study’s implication is the importance of words choices in the companies’ sustainability discourse, in order to convey clearly what measures are applied to diminish their environmental footprint
"Har ni stoppat kakor i ölet, är ni helt dumma i huvudet?"
No full textSyftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur hantverksbryggerier i Göteborg arbetar med sin externa strategiska kommunikation genom sina nätverk, på sociala medier, med sin grafiska profil samt genom försäljning och distribution. Valet av teman gjordes för att få en helhetsbild av bryggeriernas verksamhet. Vi använde kvalitativa djupintervjuer för att samla data för att ta reda på hur bryggerierna resonerar kring våra teman.
Bryggerierna arbetade strategiskt med sina nätverk och sociala medier för att skapa förtroende och kundlojalitet. I nätverken skapades relationer bryggerierna emellan, där de bland annat gick samman för att påverka större aktörer (Systembolaget och makrobryggerier), men också med företag utanför bryggeribranschen. Detta bidrog till att bryggerierna kunde nå sina kommunikativa mål, vilka bland annat var att hålla sig relevanta och påverka branschen. Sociala medier användes som ett verktyg för att sprida information och stärka kundrelationer. Deras grafiska profil användes för att positionera sig på marknaden och särskilja sig från konkurrenter. Vi kom fram till att det fanns två framträdande grafiska profiler: traditionell och modern. Bryggerierna som hade en traditionell profil visade sig ha en stark lokal anknytning medan de med en modern profil arbetade mer mot en global marknad. Slutligen kunde vi konstatera att allt strategiskt arbete skedde i förhållande till det svenska alkoholsystemet, att bryggerierna hade en ansvarsfull extern kommunikation och att de var väl medvetna om problematiken med marknadsföring av alkohol.The purpose of this study was to examine how craft breweries in Gothenburg works with their external strategic communication in their networks, on social media, with their graphic profile and sales and distribution. These themes were chosen to get an overview over their businesses. Qualitative in-depth interviews were used to collect data.
The breweries worked strategically with their networks and social media to build trust and customer loyalty. In the networks, the craft breweries have a great fellowship, where they amongst other things shared information and influenced regulations adapted by Systembolaget. This contributed to the feeling of being peers, and the competition was instead pointed towards macro breweries. Except from the collaborations between the craft breweries, it appeared to be common with collaborations with companies outside of the brewery industry. It was important to make sure that their communicative goals could maintain, to keep on being relevant and affect the market. Social media were used to spread information about their businesses and strengthen their relationship with customers. The graphic profiles played an important role for the breweries to position themselves on the market and distinguish from their competitors. The main alignments were to adapt a modern or a traditional style. The breweries that had chosen the traditional style turned out to be the ones with the strongest connection to locality, and the one ́s that chose a modern approach was working towards the global market. Finally, we found that all of the strategical work was done in cohesion with the Swedish alcohol system. The craft breweries were also responsible with their external communication and well aware of the issues with marketing alcoholic products