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Validating the use of body mass index with computed tomography in a racially and ethnically diverse cohort of patients admitted with SARS- CoV-2
Get PDFBackground: Body mass index (BMI) is criticized for being unjust and biased in relatively healthy racial and ethnic groups. Therefore, the current analysis examines if BMI predicts body composition, specifically adiposity, in a racially and ethnically diverse acutely ill patient population.
Methods: Patients admitted with SARS‐CoV‐2 having an evaluable diagnostic chest, abdomen, and/or pelvic computed tomography (CT) study (within 5 days of admission) were included in this retrospective cohort. Cross‐sectional areas (centimeters squared) of the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) were quantified. Total adipose tissue (TAT) was calculated as sum of these areas. Admission height and weight were applied to calculate BMI, and self‐reported race and ethnicity were used for classification. General linear regression models were conducted to estimate correlations and assess differences between groups.
Results: On average, patients (n = 134) were aged 58.2 (SD = 19.1) years, 60% male, and racially and ethnically diverse (33% non‐Hispanic White [NHW], 33% non‐Hispanic Black [NHB], 34% Hispanic). Correlations between BMI and SAT and BMI and TAT were strongest revealing estimates of 0.707 (0.585, 0.829) and 0.633 (0.534, 0.792), respectively. When examining the various adiposity compartments across race and ethnicity, correlations were similar and significant differences were not detected for TAT with SAT, VAT, or IMAT (all P ≥ 0.05).
Conclusions: These findings support the routine use of applying BMI as a proxy measure of total adiposity for acutely ill patients identifying as NHW, NHB, and Hispanic. Our results inform the validity and utility of this tool in clinical nutrition practice
Diet Quality and Resilience through Adulthood: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the WELL for Life Study
Get PDFDespite evidence suggesting the importance of psychological resilience for successful aging, little is known about the relationship between diet quality and resilience at different ages. Our study aims to examine the association between diet quality and resilience across the stages of adulthood. Using Stanfords’ WELL for Life (WELL) survey data, we conducted a cross-sectional study of diet quality, resilience, sociodemographic, perceived stress, lifestyle, and mental health factors among 6171 Bay Area adults. Diet quality was measured by the WELL Diet Score, which ranges from 0–120. A higher score indicates a better diet quality. Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between the WELL Diet Score and overall resilience and within the following age groups: early young (18–24), late young (25–34), middle (35–49), and late adulthood (≥50). To test whether these associations varied by age groups, an age group by resilience interaction term was also examined. In the fully adjusted model, the WELL Diet Score was positively and significantly associated with overall resilience (all ages (β = 1.2 ± sd: 0.2, p \u3c 0.001)) and within each age group (early young (β = 1.1 ± sd: 0.3, p \u3c 0.001); late young (β = 1.2 ± sd: 0.3, p \u3c 0.001); middle (β = 0.9 ± sd: 0.3, p \u3c 0.001); and late adulthood (β = 1.0 ± sd: 0.3, p \u3c 0.001)). Young adults demonstrated the strongest associations between diet quality and resilience. However, there were no significant age-by-resilience interactions. Diet quality may be positively associated with resilience at all stages of adulthood. Further research is needed to determine whether assessing and addressing resilience could inform the development of more effective dietary interventions, particularly in young adults
Korean epistemology and research: Centering local epistemologies in qualitative inquiry
Get PDFThis study examines how philosophical questions and discussions surrounding Korean epistemology can be reconstructed and created through qualitative research. Drawing upon Korea’s unique perspectives on human relationships and worldviews, it explores diverse discourses on knowledge and truth. Through a case-study approach, the author investigates the potential for qualitative researchers of varying cultural and historical heritage to expand their horizons and directions of qualitative inquiry. Illuminating the ontological dynamics of being and non-being within the multifaceted and in-depth discourses of Korean epistemology, it offers an example of what new versions of qualitative research are possible based on methodologies such as Suda, Dasan studies, seodang education, Wonhyo’s theory of hwa-jaeng, the Yeok-Gyeong [IChing], Donghak, to list several. Ultimately, this research will contribute to the advancement of new theoretical and methodological frameworks that enable local, Indigenous qualitative researchers to imagine their versions of qualitative inquiry inspired by Korean epistemology and research practices
Economic Eagles Mutual Fund
Get PDFThe Economic Eagles Mutual Fund achieved a 6.7% portfolio return despite adhering to large-cap equities investment constraints. This presentation demonstrates our trading strategies across different sectors, which include valuation techniques such as Dividend Discount, Free Cash Flow to Equity, and technical analysis. Despite challenges such as sector volatility, our research-driven process allowed for informed investment decisions, including profitable trades in Nike and Microsoft. Key findings include the importance of diversifying strategies and adjusting to market changes. This program focuses on the practical application of portfolio management theory and team effort to produce good investment results
Examining the Role of Teacher Beliefs in Evolution Education
Get PDFThe effectiveness of evolution education depends on limiting teacher discretion when it conflicts with scientific standards. Schools could mitigate creationist influences by promoting standardized, evidence-based science education while encouraging teachers to adopt neutral stances on non-scientific beliefs in their classrooms
Understanding Dual Language Teachers\u27 Language Ideologies Using Translanguaging Theory and Pedagogy: A Mixed-Methods Approach
Get PDFThe purpose of this explanatory, mixed-methods research study was to understand dual language teachers’ language ideologies using a pluralist theory of bilingualism called translanguaging (García et al., 2017). Translanguaging is also a pedagogy that teachers can employ to help emergent bilingual students grow and learn. The research design employed two phases: Phase One used survey research and confirmatory factor analysis to analyze data from 110 dual language teachers across the United States regarding their translanguaging beliefs, attitudes, policies, and practices. Phase Two used one-on-one interview data from three dual language teachers who completed the Phase Two survey. Using these data, the second research phase utilized deductive analysis and critical discourse analysis to deeply analyze dual language teachers’ belief systems around translanguaging and emergent bilinguals in dual language programs. Findings revealed a spectrum of beliefs, attitudes, policies, and practices across teachers and programs. Findings also showed that translanguaging within U.S. dual language programs (a) has lacked momentum, (b) remained contested, and (c) that its implementation typically rested in individual decision-making rather than from official language policy. Finally, the study shared recommendations for dual language scholars, teacher educators, policymakers, administrators, and teachers to bolster translanguaging identities and practices in programs
Estranging the Novel: Poland, Ireland, and Theories of World Literature
Get PDFKatarzyna Bartoszyńska prefaces her innovative project pairing a series of “anomalous” (or “freakish”) Polish and Irish novels with epigraphs from Laurence Sterne\u27s Tristram Shandy on the power of storytelling (“let the people tell their stories their own way”) and Tennessee Williams\u27s A Streetcar Named Desire about Stanley\u27s Polishness (“They\u27re something like the Irish, aren\u27t they? [. . .] Only not so—highbrow?”). The seeming disconnect between these two quotations signals a central tension between the universal and the particular at the heart of Estranging the Novel: Poland, Ireland, and Theories of World Literature. Bartoszyńska\u27s book is organized around four pairs of Polish and Irish novels whose “oddness,” she argues, calls for a “new global history” that estranges “our sense of the novel as form, offering new and interesting perspective on what it can do” (p. 126). This approach, which Bartoszyńska defines as a “weak theory of the novel,” naturally decenters the novel by extending it “geographically and chronologically, without claiming any particular mode as definitive” (p. 134). The irony that Williams toyed at times with the idea of making Stanley Italian, Irish, and even Mexican in drafts of his play only speaks to the common or “anecdotal” similarities many observers perceive between the Poles and the Irish that conflate their experience on a range of levels (from politics to stereotypes). As she admits in her introduction, the resemblance between Poland and Ireland may, in fact, not mean much of anything, but by focusing on the formal features of these novels, she makes a compelling case for the value of understanding how people “tell their stories their own way” as a way “to teach us different ways of reading” (p. 15)
Crowdsourcing: A Roundtable Discussion
No full textThis report presents insights from interviews with four experts on the challenges and advantages of implementing crowdsourcing strategies in academic research and other areas. Questions on privacy protection, deepfaking, and other topics were addressed
Equitable Family School Collaboration Through a Tiered Framework
No full textEquitable Family School Collaboration Through a Tiered Framewor
An Implementation Plan for Universal Social-Emotional and Behavioral Programming within an MTSS Framework
No full textAn Implementation Plan for Universal Social-Emotional and Behavioral Programming within an MTSS Framewor