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Who was Maximilien Robespierre?
Get PDFDuring the French Revolution of 1789, French citizens fought to abolish the ancient order of kings and aristocrats in order to establish the First Republic, a new regime founded upon liberty, equality, and fraternity. A vital instrument of this effort was a radical lawyer, Maximilien Robespierre. He often exhibited self-contradictory behavior as he assumed whatever role necessary to guide France in its path to democracy. Generally, historians depict Robespierre as either a tyrant who exercised unchecked violence, or as a hero of the Republic who epitomized democratic values. The goal of this study is to challenge these binary interpretations by presenting a spectrum of Robespierre’s identities as a dictator, democrat, utopian, and lawyer. This nuanced perspective on a historical subject will reveal that truth and justice have many versions, and it responds to the ongoing inquiry: who was Maximilien Robespierre
La presencia de la vergüenza inscrita colonialmente en los cuerpos y la sexualidad de las mujeres latinas y latinoamericanas en tres textos narrativos latinoamericanos
No full textResumen: Este trabajo investiga como la conquista española de América Latina ha afectado a las mujeres latinas y latinoamericanas y la relación que tienen con sus cuerpos y su sexualidad. Los conquistadores imponían ideales eurocéntricos para “civilizar” a las comunidades indígenas. Lo más relevante para este análisis es la imposición de la vergüenza en lo que tiene que ver con los cuerpos y los deseos sexuales femeninos. Analizaré cómo se presenta la vergüenza colonial en tres narrativas latinoamericanas: “Never Marry a Mexican” por Sandra Cisneros, “Perras” por Jorge Enrique Lage, y “Northern Ladies” por Silvana Paternostro. Los tres textos presentan diferentes facetas de las relaciones entre el cuerpo femenino, la sexualidad femenina, la sociedad y la identidad latinoamericana. Concluyo que el lente colonial eurocéntrico y el concepto de vergüenza siguen presentes en las formas en que los cuerpos femeninos latinoamericanos y la sexualidad son conceptualizados por las mujeres latinas y latinoamericanas y las sociedades en que existen.
Abstract: This work investigates the effect of the Spanish conquest of Latin America on Latin American women’s relationships with their bodies and sexuality. Colonizers imposed Eurocentric cultural and religious ideals to “civilize” indigenous peoples. The ideal most relevant to this analysis was the imposition of shame surrounding female bodies and sexual desire. The lasting presence of colonially imposed shame is analyzed in the female protagonists of three Latin American narrative texts: Never Marry a Mexican by Sandra Cisneros, Northern Ladies by Silvana Paternostro, and Perras by Jorge Enrique Lage. All three texts present different facets of the relationships between the female body, female sexuality, society, and Latin American identity. I conclude that the imposed Eurocentric colonial lens and concept of shame are still present in the ways that Latin American female bodies and sexuality are conceptualized by Latin American women and the societies in which they exist
Optimizing Direct Conversion of Human Fibroblasts into Neurons to Model Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology
No full textAlzheimer’s Disease (AD), the world’s most common neurodegenerative disorder, remains without effective treatment or cure. While animal models have helped understand AD pathogenesis, failures of multiple phase 3 clinical trials make alternate AD models an urgent need. The advent of human induced neuron (HiN) technology has made modelling AD in human cells feasible. In fact, a direct reprogramming method of converting diseased and healthy patient fibroblasts into HiNs is now possible, without the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs) yet preserving the epigenetic characteristics of patient fibroblasts. Using this method, we found that: 1) human fibroblasts can be directly converted into HiNs; 2) such HiNs exhibit disease-specific electrophysiological properties; 3) they preserve aspects of AD pathology and aging deficits; 4) and it is optimizable. Our results support the notion that direct reprogramming is a valid model of AD, and optimizable for more reliable resemblance to a human neuron
Determining Ploidy Level in Eriophyllum Lanatum Under Different Storage Conditions
No full textDetermining ploidy level (number of sets of chromosomes) is important for plant conservation. Many species of plants have individuals with more than one ploidy level. Matching plants with the same ploidy levels can be essential for successful plant-restoration projects. The Chicago Botanic Garden is a hub for ploidy determination because of rare access to a flow cytometer, which measures the size of nuclei, and therefore ploidy level, in plant cells. How samples should be submitted is currently unclear. This project examines sample viability in twoE. lanatum populations with different ploidy levels. Results show that extraction of fresh leaf material yields the most accurate results
Generalizing Happy Numbers to Fractional Base Number Systems
No full textLet n be a positive integer and S2 (n) be the sum of the squares of its digits. It is well known that if you iterate S2 enough times you reach a cycle. If one can reach 1 after multiple iterations of S2, then n is called happy. The notion of happy numbers has been generalized to different bases, different powers, and even negative bases. In this talk, we consider generalizations to fractional number bases. We will describe what fractional bases are and we\u27ll prove theorems about happy numbers in this setting
Playing with Triangular Numbers
No full textA triangular number is a number N that satisfies that N dots can be arranged in increasing order to form an equilateral triangle. A triangular number N can be represented in the form N = n(n+1)⁄2 , for some positive integer n.
In the article “Playing With Blocks”, McMullen noticed that sometimes, there are consecutive sequences of triangular numbers that add up to form another triangular number. For example 1 + 3 + 6 = 10, where k is the number of triangular numbers added. He asked the following question: “Every value of k except k = 4 that I looked at yields at least one valid solution. Is there a k \u3e 4 where our problem has no solution?” So in our work we proved the following theorem, derived from McMullen’s question:
Theorem: Let k \u3e 4 be a square. Then there exist k consecutive triangular numbers that add up to a triangular number
Crypto Mania: Determining the Drivers of Financial Bubbles
No full textWe have experienced similar financial bubbles in the past, including the South Sea bubble of the 1710s and the Dot-Com bubble of the 1990s, but each is nuanced and requires its own analysis. Controlling for Miner’s Revenue, Confirmation Times, Nasdaq Index Prices, Gold Prices, Bullish Investor Sentiment, and Bitcoin-Related Tweets, I examine the primary drivers of cryptocurrency prices from 2012 to 2018. In doing so, I identify the true nature of its price movements and conclude that cryptocurrency was indeed a bubble. Furthermore, using additional data, I offer possibilities for the future of blockchain technology
Dog Breed Identification Using Convolutional Neural Networks
No full textImage classification is one of the classical problems of Computer Vision, and with the advent of deep convolutional neural networks, more and more fine-grained classification problems are being addressed every day. In the presented work, we try to train a deep neural network to distinguish between dog breeds based on their photographs. We also try to isolate the exact image features that uniquely identify each dog breed and gain some insight on how the classification method of a computer compares with that of a human