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The First African Republic: A Survey of The Political and Economic History of The Republic of Liberia
Full text linkEvidence-Based Interprofessional Education for the Labor and Delivery Team on Nitrous Oxide Anesthesia for Laboring Mothers
Full text linkPain management in the laboring patient continues to arise with challenges of safety, efficacy and comfort. Nitrous oxide is an option for managing laboring women’s pain. However, the lack of education for perinatal teams across the United States regarding nitrous oxide administration in the labor patients omits a successful pain management option. The purpose of this Doctor of Nursing Practice project is to create an evidence-and theoretically-based education module for the labor and delivery team, incorporating an instructional video to build knowledge on the use of nitrous oxide in the laboring mother
Hypercasual and Hybrid-Casual Video Gaming: A Digital Leisure Perspective
No full textThe purpose of this article is to provide an overview of hypercasual and hybrid-casual video gaming and their influence on digital leisure. Existing sport and leisure scholarship on video gaming has focused primarily on competitive video gaming, namely esports. However, among the most popular competitive video games are simple and easy to play titles – hypercasual and hybrid-casual games. In this conceptual article, a digital leisure perspective is used to examine hypercasual and hybrid-casual gaming. To address the study’s purpose, the growth, gameplay, and consumption practices of hypercasual and hybrid-casual games are outlined. The current article supports that the intuitive nature and design of these games increases their appeal and adoption, particularly by those marginalized by the digital divide. Hypercasual and hybrid-casual video games reflect trends in digital leisure activities, including participant preferences favoring simplicity over sophistication, providing a novel perspective in contrast to increasingly complex forms of digital leisure
What is a Number?
Full text linkThis essay is, in essence, an attempt to make a case for mathematical platonism. That is to say, that we argue for the existence of mathematical objects independent of our perception of them. The essay includes a somewhat informal construction of number systems ranging from the natural numbers to the complex numbers
An Evidence-Based Teaching Plan for Novice Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists on Medication Shortage Safety Threats and Management
Full text linkShortages of anesthesia medications pose significant risks to patient safety. Despite this, no standardized educational program was located to regularly update practicing anesthesia providers nor was this topic identified by the Council on Accreditation of Nurse Anesthesia Educational Programs as a requirement for nurse anesthesia training programs. The purpose of this project was to develop an evidence-based Teaching Plan for novice certified registered nurse anesthetists. A directed content analysis identified key themes from relevant literature. Themes included counts and patterns of medication shortages, lack of alternatives, impact on patient safety, professional concerns related to changes in practice, quality concerns, characteristics, causative factors of drugs commonly in shortage, implications of shortages on anesthesia delivery, and suggested interventions to mitigate the effects of drug shortages on anesthesia delivery and patient safety outcomes. A draft Teaching Plan was developed from identified themes. Eighteen content areas on the plan were submitted to a panel of 23 experts using an Expert Content Validity Form with a 4-point scale. Twelve Expert Content Validity Forms were returned with a response rate of 52%. The Item Content Validity Index range was 0.80 to 1.00 and the Survey Content Validity Index was 0.88. Comments recorded by experts were reviewed for possible inclusion, exclusion, or editing of content areas. Following review of Item Content Validity Index scores and qualitative comments on the content areas of the draft Teaching Plan, the draft content areas and Teaching Plan were accepted
EARLY INTERVENTION REFERRAL PROCESS IMPROVEMENT IN PRIMARY CARE PEDIATRICS: AN EVIDENCE-BASED ALGORITHM
Full text linkEarly Intervention programs provide evidence-based services to children with developmental delay from 0 to 3 years of age. Many children eligible for Early Intervention programs are not successfully referred to services provided by health care professionals for evaluations. The purpose of this doctoral project is to describe the evidence-based steps in a referral algorithm for early intervention evaluation to increase referrals by primary care health care providers and to increase evaluation rates of referred children. A draft algorithm was based on content analysis of empirical and theoretical literature. Experts in early intervention primary care services reviewed the draft algorithm, rank its steps, and comment on its content. The algorithm was evaluated for content validity and revised. This algorithm can be utilized in a primary care pediatric office to increase the referral rate for children identified in developmental screening and surveillance and increase connections with Early Interventions services
A stochastic bi-objective simulation–optimization model for cascade disaster location-allocation-distribution problems
No full textCascade disasters can destroy urban infrastructures, kill thousands of people, and permanently displace millions of people. The paramount goal of disaster relief programs is to save lives, reduce financial loss, and accelerate the relief process. This study proposes a bi-level two-echelon mathematical model to minimize pre-disaster costs and maximize post-disaster relief coverage area. The model uses a geographic information system (GIS) to classify the disaster area and determine the optimal number and location of distribution centers while minimizing the relief supplies’ inventory costs. A simulation model is used to estimate the demand for relief supplies. Initially, vulnerable urban infrastructures are identified, and then the interaction among them is investigated for cascade disasters. The aims of this study are threefold: (1) to identify vulnerable urban infrastructures in cascade disasters, (2) to prioritize urban areas based on the severity of cascade disasters using a GIS, and (3) to develop a bi-objective multi-echelon multi-supplies mathematical model for location, allocation, and distribution of relief supplies under uncertainty. The model is solved with an epsilon-constraint method for small and medium-scale problems and the invasive weed optimization algorithm for large-scale problems. A case study is presented to demonstrate the applicability and efficacy of the proposed method. The results confirm the difficulty of relief operations during the night as the cost of night-time relief operations is higher than daytime. In addition, the results show the coverage area increases as the demand surges. Therefore, establishing more distribution centers will increase operating costs and expand coverage are
Esports Fan Engagement: A Comparison of PC and Console Esports Team Fans
Full text linkEsports, competitive video game competitions, are a leading digital innovation at the nexus of sports, business, and technology. Given their prominent position, esports have received extensive media and academic attention. In particular, esports fans, primarily tech-savvy and affluent young adults, have been the foci of this attention. Accordingly, a large number of studies has centered on these influential consumers, examining their motives to spectate, support, and follow esports teams and players. To date, esports have been examined very broadly, neglecting differences in the multitude of games, genres, and platforms which influence their consumption. In particular, the platform (or medium), plays a substantial role in how consumers engage with esports teams and players. These platforms include personal computers (PCs) and video gaming consoles. The purpose of this study is to identify differences in how fans of PC and console based esports teams engage with their favorite esports team. We collected data from both PC and console esports team fans via an online survey (N = 514), analyzing said data using structural equation modeling and multigroup analysis. Our results highlight that fans of console-based esports teams value both emotional engagement and management cooperation, underscoring the more intimate and personal experience afforded by consoles (vis-à-vis PCs). Overall, our study elucidates differences in esports fan engagement and helps to further identify critical differences that influence esports consumer behavior
Inexperienced Component Auditors and the Internal Information Asymmetry of Multinational Corporations
No full textWith the global expansion of business operations, many U.S. corporations now operate internationally. While these multinational corporations (MNCs) rely on information about their operations to allocate resources, this information is likely dispersed within the firm, leading to internal information asymmetry between top executives and divisional managers. Meanwhile, audits of these geographically dispersed MNCs are challenging, and parts of these audits are sometimes outsourced to local foreign auditors who have no experience serving as opinion-issuing auditors for U.S. issuers (“inexperienced component auditors”). In this article, we examine whether involving such inexperienced component auditors is associated with MNCs’ internal information environment. We find that, relative to a matched control sample, Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) issuers with the participation of inexperienced component auditors have higher internal information asymmetry and lower internal capital allocation efficiency. Our results suggest that audit quality matters not only to a firm’s external financial statement users but also to its internal users