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A cross-sectional investigation of disfluencies in typically developing Spanish-English bilingual children
Get PDFPurpose
This study examined the language skills and the type and frequency of disfluencies in the spoken narrative production of typically developing Spanish-English bilingual children.
Method
A cross-sectional sample of 106 bilingual children (50 boys; 56 girls) enrolled in kindergarten through Grade 4, produced a total of 212 narrative retell language samples in English and Spanish. A specialized fluency coding system was implemented to index the percentage of total (%TD) and stuttering-like disfluencies (%SLD) in each language. Large-scale reference databases were used to classify children’s dual language proficiency profiles (balanced, English dominant, Spanish dominant) based on language sample analysis measures of morphosyntax and lexical diversity.
Results
The bilingual Spanish-English children in this study did not demonstrate significant cross-linguistic differences for mean %TD or %SLD. However, the mean %TD and %SLD in both languages exceeded the risk threshold based on monolingual English-speaking norms. English dominant bilingual children demonstrated significantly lower %TD in English than Spanish. Spanish dominant children demonstrated significantly lower %SLD in Spanish than English.
Conclusions
This study included the largest sample size of bilingual Spanish-English children investigated to date from a fluency perspective. The frequency of disfluencies was found to be variable across participants and change dynamically as a function of grade and dual language proficiency profiles, indicating the need for studies that employ larger sample sizes and longitudinal designs
Repurposing Niclosamide as a Novel Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Drug by Restricting Entry Protein CD147
Get PDFThe outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and the search for effective treatments has been limited. Furthermore, the rapid mutations of SARS-CoV-2 have posed challenges to existing vaccines and neutralizing antibodies, as they struggle to keep up with the increased viral transmissibility and immune evasion. However, there is hope in targeting the CD147-spike protein, which serves as an alternative point for the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells. This protein has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for the development of drugs against COVID-19. Here, we demonstrate that the RNA-binding protein Human-antigen R (HuR) plays a crucial role in the post-transcriptional regulation of CD147 by directly binding to its 3′-untranslated region (UTR). We observed a decrease in CD147 levels across multiple cell lines upon HuR depletion. Furthermore, we identified that niclosamide can reduce CD147 by lowering the cytoplasmic translocation of HuR and reducing CD147 glycosylation. Moreover, our investigation revealed that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces an upregulation of CD147 in ACE2-expressing A549 cells, which can be effectively neutralized by niclosamide in a dose-dependent manner. Overall, our study unveils a novel regulatory mechanism of regulating CD147 through HuR and suggests niclosamide as a promising therapeutic option against COVID-19
Making inferences in incomplete Bayesian networks: A Dempster-Shafer belief function approach
Get PDFHow do you make inferences from a Bayesian network (BN) model with missing information? For example, we may not have priors for some variables or may not have conditionals for some states of the parent variables. It is well-known that the Dempster-Shafer (D-S) belief function theory is a generalization of probability theory. So, a solution is to embed an incomplete BN model in a D-S belief function model, omit the missing data, and then make inferences from the belief function model. We will demonstrate this using an implementation of a local computation algorithm for D-S belief function models called the “Belief function machine.” One advantage of this approach is that we get interval estimates of the probabilities of interest. Using Laplacian (equally likely) or maximum entropy priors or conditionals for missing data in a BN may lead to point estimates for the probabilities of interest, masking the uncertainty in these estimates. Bayesian reasoning cannot reason from an incomplete model. A Bayesian sensitivity analysis of the missing parameters is not a substitute for a belief-function analysis
Meet the New Boss: “The Establishment” in 1960s and 70s American Thought
Get PDFSubmitted to the Department of History of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for departmental honors.Throughout the 1960s and early 70s the phrase “the Establishment” gained salience in American political and popular discourse. Referring to an unseen group of elites that had their hand in decision making, the phrase was wielded by both the political right and left. “The Establishment” permeated society in such a way that by the end of the 1970s the term was a common part of the vernacular. This thesis argues that the term “the Establishment,” gained prominence because of its overall utility during the considerable political and social change that occurred during the period
Decolonizing the Wakarusa Museum: The Role of Public Education and Forced Displacement Within the Settler Colonial Structure
Get PDFSubmitted to the Department of History of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for departmental honors.The Wakarusa River Valley Heritage Museum aims to preserve, collect, and display the history of the Wakarusa River Valley before the construction of Clinton Lake. However, Indigenous perspectives and Native voices have been omitted from the historical narrative. To this day, the Wakarusa Museum does not acknowledge the Native American history that was submerged beneath Clinton Lake. As a result, the Wakarusa Museum is an institution of colonization. This thesis argues that the Wakarusa Museum exemplifies the consequences of living under a settler colonial empire by exposing two foundational pillars of settler colonialism: public education and forced displacement
RESCIND ERA: THE FAILED EFFORTS IN KANSAS TO RESCIND RATIFICATION OF THE EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT, 1973-1980
Get PDFSubmitted to the Department of History of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for departmental honors.The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), which would give men and women equal legal rights, was passed in Congress in 1972, much to the pleasure of many women’s rights activists and lawmakers. State legislatures raced to be among the first to ratify the ERA. One year later, 30 of the needed 38 states had ratified the proposed amendment. However, at the same time, grassroots conservative movements were mobilizing very quickly, in large numbers, to defeat the ERA. Anti-ERA sentiment grew notably high in the South and Midwest. Before the one-year anniversary of Congress passing the ERA, Oklahoma became the first state to reject the amendment, giving birth to the anti-ERA movement. Later, Nebraska became the first state to rescind its prior ratification.
Sandwiched between these two states was Kansas, a traditionally red state with an unusually progressive history. Resolutions were consistently introduced in the Kansas legislature from 1973-1980. But every anti-ERA legislation brought forth was promptly struck down. This study will conduct a case study into the rescission efforts in Kansas and why they were, ultimately, not victorious. The ERA in Kansas reveals a greater theme about the state’s political makeup at the time. As the ERA’s popularity fell throughout the country, Kansas remained in favor of the amendment showing the state as a moderate holdout to the rising conservatism. At the same time, it also reiterates a common thread throughout the state's history: a disdain for extremism. While the ERA died out in 1982, it was never rescinded in Kansas
Cryptotis nigrescens (Eulipotyphla: Soricidae)
Get PDFThe blackish small-eared shrew, Cryptotis nigrescens (Allen, 1895), is a blarinine soricid that occurs in high-elevation premontane wet forests and cloud forest in the Central American countries of Costa Rica and Panama. The species is taxonomically monotypic, although it exhibits size variation that manifests as a gradual increase in size from northwest to southeast. Habitat loss is currently the greatest threat to the species’ existence, although populations in the few areas where C. nigrescens has been studied appear to be healthy, and the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) classifies it as a species whose conservation status is “Least Concern.” We include a complete synonymy for the genus Cryptotis Pomel, 1848
Kansas Statistical Abstract 2022 (57th Edition)
No full textThe Kansas Statistical Abstract contains the latest available state, county, and city-level data for Kansas on population, vital statistics and health, housing, education, business and manufacturing, exports, employment, income, finance, state and local government, crime, recreation, communications, transportation, agriculture, climate, and energy and natural resources.The Kansas Statistical Abstract contains the latest available state, county, and city-level data for Kansas on population, vital statistics and health, housing, education, business and manufacturing, exports, employment, income, finance, state and local government, crime, recreation, communications, transportation, agriculture, climate, and energy and natural resources
Stable trace ideals and applications
No full textWe study stable trace ideals in one dimensional local Cohen-Macaulay rings and give numerous applications
Using Zotero for Citation Management: A Step-by-Step Guide to Organizing and Citing Your Research
No full textThis guide will provide an overview of the essential features of Zotero, explaining in step-by-step detail how to download the program, create reference libraries, insert in-text citations into Word, and back-up your library into the cloud