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Innovative Family-Based Genetically Informed Series of Analyses of Whole-Exome Data Supports Likely Inheritance for Grammar in Children with Specific Language Impairment
Get PDFIndividuals with specific language impairment (SLI) struggle with language acquisition despite average non-verbal intelligence and otherwise typical development. One SLI account focuses on grammar acquisition delay. The current study aimed to detect novel rare genetic variants associated with performance on a grammar assessment, the Test of Early Grammatical Impairment (TEGI), in English-speaking children. The TEGI was selected due to its sensitivity and specificity, consistently high heritability estimates, and its absence from all but one molecular genetic study. We performed whole exome sequencing (WES) in eight families with SLI (n = 74 total) and follow-up Sanger sequencing in additional unrelated probands (n = 146). We prioritized rare exonic variants shared by individuals with low TEGI performance (n = 34) from at least two families under two filtering workflows: (1) novel and (2) previously reported candidate genes. Candidate variants were observed on six new genes (PDHA2, PCDHB3, FURIN, NOL6, IQGAP3, and BAHCC1), and two genes previously reported for overall language ability (GLI3 and FLNB). We specifically suggest PCDHB3, a protocadherin gene, and NOL6 are critical for ribosome synthesis, as they are important targets of SLI investigation. The proposed SLI candidate genes associated with TEGI performance emphasize the utility of precise phenotyping and family-based genetic study
Unilaterally Induced Quadriceps Fatigue during Sustained Submaximal Isometric Exercise Does Not Alter Contralateral Leg Extensor Performance
Get PDFThis study investigated the effects of fatiguing unilateral exercise on the ipsilateral, exercised, and contralateral, non-exercised limb’s post-exercise performance in males and females. Ten males and ten females performed a fatiguing, unilateral isometric leg extension at 50% maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) force. Prior to and immediately after the fatiguing tasks, MVICs were performed for the exercised and non-exercised limb, with surface electromyographic (sEMG) and mechanomyography (sMMG) amplitude (AMP) and mean power frequency (MPF) recorded from each limb’s vastus lateralis. There were no fatigue-induced, sex-dependent, differences in time to task failure (p = 0.265) or ipsilateral performance fatigability (p = 0.437). However, there was a limb by time interaction (p 0.05), but there was a fatigue-induced difference in sEMG MPF (p = 0.005). To summarize, there were no differences in fatigability between males and females. Moreover, there was insufficient evidence to support the presence of a general crossover effect following submaximal unilateral isometric exercise. However, independent of sex, the neurophysiological outcomes suggested that competing inputs from the nervous system may influence the performance of both limbs following unilateral fatigue
Scholarly Communication Librarianship and Open Knowledge
Get PDFThe intersection of scholarly communication librarianship and open education offers a unique opportunity to expand knowledge of scholarly communication topics in both education and practice. Open resources can address the gap in teaching timely and critical scholarly communication topics—copyright in teaching and research environments, academic publishing, emerging modes of scholarship, impact measurement—while increasing access to resources and equitable participation in education and scholarly communication.
Scholarly Communication Librarianship and Open Knowledge is an open textbook and practitioner’s guide that collects theory, practice, and case studies from nearly 80 experts in scholarly communication and open education. Divided into three parts:
*What is Scholarly Communication?
*Scholarly Communication and Open Culture
*Voices from the Field: Perspectives, Intersections, and Case Studies
The book delves into the economic, social, policy, and legal aspects of scholarly communication as well as open access, open data, open education, and open science and infrastructure. Practitioners provide insight into the relationship between university presses and academic libraries, defining collection development as operational scholarly communication, and promotion and tenure and the challenge for open access.
Scholarly Communication Librarianship and Open Knowledge is a thorough guide meant to increase instruction on scholarly communication and open education issues and practices so library workers can continue to meet the changing needs of students and faculty. It is also a political statement about the future to which we aspire and a challenge to the industrial, commercial, capitalistic tendencies encroaching on higher education. Students, readers, educators, and adaptors of this resource can find and embrace these themes throughout the text and embody them in their work
Advancing the central role of non-model biorepositories in predictive modeling of emerging pathogens
Get PDFA Test of the Mobile Phone Appropriation Model: A Comparison between Chinese and US Samples
Get PDFThe published version is being made available with the permission of the publisher.The mobile phone appropriation (MPA; Wirth et al., 2007, 2008) model is an integrative model that seeks to explain attitudes and behaviors related to mobile phone usage from a communication perspective, proposing a dynamic loop of metacommunication, evaluations, and usage patterns. Following a previous study (Lee & Cioena, 2023), the current research tests the MPA model with a Chinese sample collected through an online survey (N = 510) and compares it with the U.S. sample (N = 501) collected by Lee and Cionea (2023) using multigroup confirmatory factor analysis and multigroup structural equation modeling. Although the core structure of MPA model was shown to be tenable cross-culturally, the results of comparative analysis reveal some noticeable cultural differences in mobile phone appropriation and call for further model revisions. Noticeably, relational and social implications of mobile communication penetrate more aspects of mobile phone appropriation with greater strength in the Chinese sample, potentially due to the collectivistic Chinese culture, and the results demonstrate a paradox between perceived affordability and usage. The more Chinese participants evaluated the cost of mobile phone usage as a restrictive factor of MPA, corroborate the more they used it for relationship maintenance and daily schedule management. In addition, the results indicate some tensions between instrumental purposes and entertainment and symbolic usage unique to the Chinese context
Local Well-Posedness of the Nonlinear Schrödinger and the Korteweg-de Vries Equations on the Line
No full textThe Hadamard local well-posedness of the initial value problem on the infinite line for the nonlinear Schrödinger and the Korteweg-de Vries equations is established for initial data in Sobolev spaces. The proofs presented are due to the seminal works by Tsutsumi and Kenig, Ponce and Vega, respectively, and rely on a contraction mapping argument combined with delicate linear estimates that are shown via the use of harmonic analysis techniques. The different tools used for each of the two equations are due to the different nature of their nonlinearities, which leads to the different types of function spaces for their solutions
The Penstemon kunthii draft genome: Integrating a genetic map with assembled sequence data
No full textTrait evolution is often investigated with tools like quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping and genome-wide association studies (GWAS). These tools are made powerful by the integration of high-resolution genomes. Despite the recent uprise of accessible sequencing technology, many genomes remain largely unexplored and unsequenced, including most genomes in the emerging model system, Penstemon. Penstemon is the largest genus of North American flowering plants, has diversified in the last few million years, and during that diversification has undergone major shifts in flower form as multiple lineages adapted to hummingbird pollination from an ancestral condition of bee-adaptation. High-quality Penstemon genomes will be valuable in QTL and GWAS analyses used to determine the genetic architecture of floral trait differences between species of bee-adapted Penstemon (like P. amphorellae) and hummingbird-adapted Penstemon (like P. kunthii). In the interest of these investigations, I aim to broaden our knowledge and confidence in the existing P. kunthii genome assembly. In this study, I confirmed the accuracy of the Penstemon kunthii genome assembly by generating a genetic map from a population of 238 F2 hybrid offspring derived from a cross between P. kunthii and its sister species, P. amphorellae. I leveraged multiplex shotgun genotype (MSG) sequencing to generate short sequence reads, which were aligned to our reference genome (P. kunthii) and used these to construct a linkage map for each of the eight Penstemon chromosomes. Upon confirmation of proper ordering, I utilize this assembly to characterize other genomic properties such as the recombination landscape, intra-chromosomal GC content and repeat element density, all of which help point to the approximate location of the centromeres of each of the eight chromosomes. A confident assembly and future annotation of the P. kunthii genome will form the foundation for identifying genes discovered through QTL mapping and other genome-based methods
A Cross-Cultural Sound Experiment John Cage's Prepared Piano in Dialogue with Eastern Music Philosophy
No full textThis poster was presented at Music Teachers National Association on 03/15/2023.This presentation explores John Cage’s prepared piano as a medium for cross-cultural dialogue between Western avant-garde music and Eastern music philosophy. By examining Cage’s philosophical influences—particularly Zen Buddhism—and his innovative sonic experiments, the session reveals how the prepared piano challenges traditional Western musical hierarchies while resonating with Eastern concepts such as emptiness, spontaneity, and non-attachment. Drawing from both musical analysis and philosophical inquiry, the presentation demonstrates how Cage’s work serves not only as a radical compositional technique but also as a bridge linking divergent aesthetic traditions. This exploration invites a rethinking of intercultural creativity in contemporary music education and performance
Transgressing workplace norms: Understanding the conceptualization and communication of trans identity in the workplace
No full textUsing Tracy and Trethewey's (2005) metaphor of the crystallized self, this project explores the influences of identity communication in and outside the workplace on work and life satisfaction. Using survey design, this study examined (1) how trans individuals communicate their trans identity at and outside work, (2) the relationship between identity communication at work and job satisfaction and life satisfaction, and (3) the relationship between identity communication outside work and satisfaction with job satisfaction and life satisfaction.To analyze how trans folks communicate their identity in work and nonwork contexts and its relationship with job and life satisfaction, survey data was collected from 206 trans individuals who were currently employed or employed within the last two years at the time of the survey. The crystallized self was operationalized into measures focusing on communication about trans identity at and outside work, specifically outness and authenticity. The outness measures were explicit outness, implicit outness, and covering. Authenticity was divided into three constructs of authentic living, self-alienation, and accepting external influence. These measures were used to predict both job satisfaction and life satisfaction. This study also examines two covariates: perceptions of workplace supportiveness and work-life segmentation. The study found that job satisfaction was positively related to authenticity and supportiveness and negatively related to covering and work-life segmentation preferences. Life satisfaction was positively related with authenticity, and negatively related to covering, passing, and work-life segmentation preferences. The findings indicate that being able to engage in a more authentic version of self through openness about identity and having workplace support is crucial to job and life satisfaction
Relations Between Trauma Exposure, Executive Functions, and Resilience among Resettled Refugee Parents and Children
No full textRefugees are forcibly displaced from one country to another due to life-threatening circumstances such as war, terrorism, geopolitical conflict, natural disaster, and persecution. The functioning of adults and children following trauma exposure has been a focus of ample previous research; however, little empirical research has been conducted to dyadically explore how members of the same family may contribute to each other’s functioning in light of the high levels of traumatic stress commonly experienced before and after refugee forced migration. This community-engaged research project (the Kansas City Refugee Family Project) investigated how parent resilience is associated with child resilience after trauma exposure and whether or not this association is moderated by three factors of executive functioning (i.e., working memory, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility). Ninety parent-child dyads (N=90) originating from Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia resettled to the United States (US) participated in this cross-sectional study. We collected data individually from parents (M=43.4 years; 80% female) and one of their children (M=15.3 years; 50% female) in the context of a home visit conducted by a team of multilingual data collectors and facilitated by the use of a remodeled data collection van. All participant recruitment was facilitated by community leaders serving resettled refugee communities in a large metropolitan region of the Midwestern US. Participants completed three objective measures of their executive functioning (i.e., Corsi Block Tapping Task, Go/No-Go Task, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test 64 Card Version). Participants then completed self-report questionnaires regarding their trauma exposure before and after resettlement to the US and their resilience. The Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) was used as our analytical framework to explore potential associations between trauma and resilience and the moderation effects of working memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility among parents and their children. Our results demonstrated that refugee parents in our sample with higher trauma exposure had children with higher trauma exposure. However, parents and their children respond differently to high trauma exposure experienced before and after their resettlement to the US. Refugee parents in our sample reported significantly greater resilience than refugee children, and our findings support that higher levels of trauma exposure may lead to lower levels of resilience in both refugee parents and their children. Our results suggest that working memory strengthens the adverse relationship between trauma exposure and resilience in refugee parents and children, and inhibitory control may directly affect the increase of resilience in refugees post-resettlement. We found no significant dyadic partner effects in our study sample. Recommendations and implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed