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Evolution of Force-Free Magnetic Structure in the Dayside Ionosphere of Mars (Supplementary Materials)
No full textThe paper that this material accompanies is primarily theoretical, but it does include some NASA MAVEN data in some the figures illustrating the theoretical results. All the MAVEN data can be found in NASA’s Planetary Data System (PDS) but the material in the KU repository provides the data in the form needed for some of the Figures. Much of the data comes from MAVEN’s orbit 3087. It is collected in an excel spreadsheet (both data and Figures). In addition, powerpoint files are provided, for convenience for two schematics in the Paper (Figure1 and Figure 12).The ionosphere of Mars is infused with magnetic fields generated by the interaction of the solar wind with the ionized and neutral gas of the atmosphere. The magnetic fields measured by the magnetometer onboard the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft exhibit spatial and temporal variations (i.e., structures) with scales ranging from the global/planetary down to small scales of just a few kilometers. The magnetic field in some of these structures is such that it does not exert a force on the fluid (i.e., so-called force-free structures) and this study explores how this might happen
FAITH AND FACT: COMMUNICATION AT THE INTERSECTION OF HEALTH PRACTICES IN AFRICAN COMMUNITIES
No full textThis is the paper from a presentation given at CENTRAL STATES COMMUNICATION CONFERENCE on 04/03/2025.The study, "Faith and Fact: Communication at the Intersection of Health Practices in African Communities," investigates the role of communication in influencing the connection between religious beliefs and healthcare practices in African societies. This study examines the intersections and interactions of faith-based messaging, traditional knowledge, and scientific health information in influencing health-related decision-making. The study examines how individuals and groups navigate the potentially conflicting sources of information and how these navigations impact health practices, such as the decision between traditional health care process and modern medical care. Additionally, it examines the impact of religious leaders, healthcare providers, and community influences on defining the public's perception of health and illness. The study aims to examine how cultural and religious contexts influence health outcomes in African communities by analyzing communication dynamics at the intersection of faith and fact. It seeks to provide insights into tailoring health communication strategies that respect and incorporate local beliefs, while promoting effective healthcare practices
A Time-Accurate Dynamic Mesh Approach For High-Order Shock Computation in Multiple Dimensions
No full textThis is the paper from a presentation given at AIAA SciTech on 01/07/2025.A high-order shock-fitting approach has been developed for the two-dimensional Euler equations to compute shock waves with high-order accuracy. A time-accurate dynamic mesh algorithm plays a central role in the approach. A key ingredient of the strategy is a shock detection procedure capable of handling moving shock waves in a high-order simulation. Once shock waves are detected along element interfaces, the shock speed is computed based on the method of characteristics. Then, these interfaces move at the speed of the shock, and an upwind flux for the interfaces automatically guarantees the Rankine-Hugoniot condition. In addition, the entire mesh is deformed to comply with the motion of the shocks to avoid mesh warping and negative Jacobians. In the present study, quadratic (Q2) triangular meshes are employed. This means curved shocks are approximated with quadratic curves, achieving 3rd-order accuracy. The shock-fitting approach is tested for several benchmark problems to demonstrate its performance and accuracy
Geospatial Impacts of Land Allotment at the Standing Rock Reservation, USA: Patterns of Gain and Loss
No full textAllotment—the division of Native American reservations into individually-owned plots of land—has been extensively studied; yet there exists a paucity of reservation-level studies at granular geospatial scales, i.e., at the level of examining the impacts of allotment on individuals, families, and clan or tribal groups. In previous research, we described a new semi-automated method for creating detailed GIS allotment databases and discussed the policies and processes that that lay behind allotment at the Standing Rock Reservation. In this study, we employed our Standing Rock database to map and explore allotment patterns in detail. We primarily focused on patterns of clustering versus dispersion of allotment parcels for individuals, families, and tribal groups by calculating median distance (and other descriptive statistics) and standard distance in GIS. Throughout, we used mapped representations of allotment patterns as visualization tools, both for confirming hypotheses and raising new questions. As anticipated, we discovered patterns of both gain and loss. On the one hand, as we had found earlier, the people at Standing Rock gained land through their insistence on allotments for married women and for children born after the beginning date of allotment (“later-born children”), land they otherwise would not have received. We also confirmed that married women only received half the land that their husbands received and that the early sale of “surplus” reservation lands deprived a future generation of children of the opportunity to receive their own land. Perhaps most importantly, however, we discovered that the belated timing of allotments to married women and later-born children caused their allotments to be located at some distance from those of their husbands or fathers, creating disjunct and dispersed patterns of family land holdings that would have significantly hampered the creation of viable farming and ranching operations
The Role of Surfactants in Stabilizing Fluorescence Anisotropy for Protein-Aptamer Binding Affinity Measurements (Dataset)
No full textFluorescence Anisotropy (FA) is a sensitive, efficient technique for quantifying biomolecular interactions, offering advantages such as minimal sample requirements and elimination of separation of bound from unbound species. Thus, it is well suited for aptamer–protein binding affinity studies. However, accurately determining equilibrium dissociation constants (Kd) in FA requires low concentrations of fluorescently labeled aptamers to prevent ligand depletion. A significant challenge arises at low aptamer concentrations due to an unexpected increase in anisotropy, which introduces artifacts in the calibration curve and impairs accurate data fitting. This anomaly may arise from non-specific adsorption of aptamers to surfaces. In this study we investigated the use of non-ionic surfactants to mitigate these effects and stabilize anisotropy signal at low aptamer concentrations using the thrombin aptamer as a model system. We evaluated the impact of varying concentrations of Tween 20 and Triton X-100 on calibration curves and determined binding affinities. Addition of 0.1% Tween suppresses the anomalous increase in anisotropy at low aptamer concentrations, enabling the use of aptamer concentrations as low as 5 nM. Triton X-100 was less effective. By incorporating optimized concentrations of Tween 20, we demonstrated improved assay reproducibility and accuracy in Kd determination, expanding the dynamic range of usable aptamer concentrations in FA based binding affinity studies. Similar benefits were observed with the clinically relevant aptamer s10yh2 and human serum albumin. These findings provide a practical strategy for enhancing the robustness of FA measurements and may be applicable to other aptamer–target systems and high-throughput assay formats
Sex Differences in Links Between Trauma Experiences and Aggression Among Detained Youth
No full textThis is the poster from a presentation given at the Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies 2025 Convention held in New Orleans, LA on 11/21/2025.Aggression among justice-involved youth is a public health concern with implications for individual and societal well-being.1,2 Exposure to Potentially Traumatic Events (PTEs) is disproportionately high among detained youth.2,3 Various forms of trauma (e.g., economic hardship, abuse, neglect) are tied to maladaptive behaviors like aggression.3,4 PTEs elevate risk for reactive aggression (emotional responses to provocation), but few studies have explored their impact on proactive aggression (instrumental behavior).5,6 Some argue the PTE-reactive aggression link is rooted in shared ties to impulsivity.5,7 However, further research is needed to clarify how PTEs relate to aggression functions in detained youth.
The mechanisms underlying PTE-aggression associations remain unclear, though biological sex may influence PTE exposure and risk of reactive and proactive aggression. Females report more trauma than males and appear more prone to reactive aggression following trauma exposure.8,9,10 Some studies suggest males exhibit more proactive aggression, others report no clear sex differences.11,12 This inconsistency underscores the need to further evaluate sex-specific outcomes. Additionally, sex differences in the PTE-aggression link remain unexplored among detained youth. Addressing this gap is crucial for tailoring trauma-informed interventions to juvenile justice populations.
This study examined: (a) links between PTEs, proactive aggression, and reactive aggression among detained youth and (b) whether these links vary by sex. Participants were 237 detained youth (79.8% male, 45.7% White, Mage = 15.2 years) who self-reported on PTEs (Child and Adolescent Trauma Screen13) and aggression (Proactive Reactive Aggression Questionnaire6). Structural equation modeling via full information maximum likelihood estimation assessed direct effects and sex-based interactions. Demographic variables (age, race, ethnicity, facility, detainment duration) were controlled. T-tests indicated that male detainees reported fewer PTEs (M = 4.95 v 6.30, p < .05) but higher proactive aggression (M = 1.33 v 1.17, p < .05) than females. Correlation analyses revealed significant associations between PTEs and sex (r = .15, p < .05), race/ethnicity (r = .17, p < .01), and reactive aggression (r = .24, p < .001). First-order effects showed that PTEs were linked to reactive aggression (B = .06, SE = .02, p < .001), while age was linked to proactive aggression (B = .07, SE = .03, p < .05). However, PTE-aggression associations did not differ by sex (ps = .200 to .976).
These findings confirm that detained youth with greater trauma exposure exhibit more reactive aggression, aligning with research on trauma-related dysregulation. Males reported fewer PTEs but more proactive aggression than females, consistent with prior findings of sex differences. The stronger link between proactive aggression and age than trauma suggests distinct developmental influences on aggression functions. Contrary to expectations and despite female detainees’ heightened vulnerability to PTEs, sex did not moderate the PTE-aggression link. These results support universal trauma-informed care in juvenile justice settings to address shared and unique risk factors
AIMS: An Adaptive Intelligent Multi-Objective Scheduler Powered by Digital Twins
No full textThese are the slides from a presentation given at the IEEE High Performance Extreme Computing Conference held in Boston/virtually on 09/17/2025.High-performance computing (HPC) systems face challenges in jointly optimizing energy efficiency, reliability, and job throughout across heterogeneous architectures. Traditional schedulers rely on fixed heuristics that struggle under dynamic conditions and conflicting objectives. We present AIMS (Adaptive Intelligent Multi-Objective Scheduler), a framework that combines uncertainty-aware deep reinforcement learning with digital twin technology for autonomous HPC scheduling. AIMS features a five-layer architecture with four predictive digital twins: fault prediction via LSTM-attention, energy forecasting using a CNN-LSTM hybrid, ensemble performance modeling, and physics-informed thermal analysis. These models supply state information to a Dueling DQN with epistemic uncertainty quantification, enabling adaptive decision-making. Policy gradient-based weight evolution drives multi-objective optimization toward Pareto-efficient scheduling. Tested on 389,620 production job records from Aurora, Polaris, Mira, and Cooley systems, AIMS outperforms ten baselines, including Slurm and PBS Pro, achieving 12.1% higher energy efficiency, 8.7% improved reliability, and 15.3% greater throughput. Under fault conditions, its uncertainty-aware design yields a performance gain of 12.8% versus 5.2% in stable settings. Scalability tests confirm real-time operation at exascale (up to 262K nodes) with sub-50 ms decision latency. AIMS offers a robust and scalable solution for next-generation HPC scheduling where traditional methods fall short
From the Battlefield to the Exhibit Hall: The Ethical Display and Interpretation of Enemy Combatant Objects in U.S. History Museums
No full textThis paper was submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Museum StudiesThis paper investigates ethical methods of displaying and interpreting enemy combatant objects in American historical museums. Enemy objects present museum practitioners with unique questions and ethical challenges which are not addressed by standard museum operating guidelines. The objective of this study is to raise key questions and suggest procedures for museums to determine how to display and interpret these “difficult” objects.
This project uses the National World War I Museum and Memorial in Kansas City, Missouri, as a case study. The museum’s exhibits were evaluated, and structured interviews were conducted with four experienced staff members representing the fields of curation, exhibitions, and education. The findings from this study reveal a shift in the museum industry, in line with contemporary historiography, which moves away from traditional interpretations of the war and instead emphasizes the global nature of the conflict as well as the experiences of individuals, both combatants and civilians. This analysis is synthesized with published research to show how enemy objects should be presented in the context of everyday life and contextualized to emphasize the humanity of individual soldiers among the defeated belligerents. Representing the experiences of soldiers and civilians of the Central Powers reveals that they suffered many similar physical and emotional hardships as their Allied counterparts
Compatibility and stability of a Shigella polysaccharide-protein conjugate antigen formulated with aluminum-salt and CpG 1018® adjuvants (Dataset)
No full textThis dataset accompanies the article, Compatibility and stability of a Shigella polysaccharide-protein conjugate antigen formulated with aluminum-salt and CpG 1018® adjuvants, currently in press.This study evaluated the formulation and stability of a quadrivalent glycoconjugate Shigella vaccine candidate based on four predominant strains (S. flexneri; 2a, 3a, and 6, and S. sonnei) accounting for direct global coverage of 64% of all Shigella infections. Each glycoconjugate antigen consists of a Shigella strain-specific O-polysaccharide (O-PS) covalently linked to the carrier protein IpaB, a membrane protein component of the Shigella type III secretion system. First, selective competitive ELISAs were developed to measure antigenicity of the four O-PS-IpaB conjugates formulated with aluminum-salt adjuvants (Alhydrogel®, AH and Adju-phos®, AP) and a second adjuvant CpG-1018®, CpG. Next, we focused on the monovalent S. sonnei O-PS-IpaB conjugate to elucidate antigen-alum adjuvant interactions under different solution conditions. Third, the stability profiles of AH- or AP- adjuvanted S. sonnei O-PS-IpaB conjugate antigen in various formulations (± CpG) were determined at different temperatures. Interestingly, incubation at 25 °C for 2 weeks resulted in increased antigenicity values when the antigen was bound to either AP or AH, suggesting increased epitope exposure when interacting with the adjuvant surface. When bound to AP adjuvant at pH 5.8, the best glycoconjugate antigen stability was observed at elevated temperatures. The CpG adjuvant under these conditions, however, was incompatible with loss of material observed, presumably from precipitation due to lack of interaction with AP and presence of the detergent LDAO from the bulk antigen buffer. In contrast, the glycoconjugate antigen and the CpG adjuvant were both bound to the AH adjuvant and were stable at 2-8 °C, pH 7.0. This AH-CpG formulation of the O-PS-IpaB conjugate antigens was identified as a promising candidate for future animal immunogenicity testing
Power, Pleasure, and Perception: Unpacking Secrets in Chinese Gay Pornography
No full textThis study explores the portrayal of gay sex within Chinese pornography focusing on themes including power dynamics, body image, and cultural symbols. Despite the significant growing consumption of gay pornography in China, research on this topic remains limited. By analyzing 13 popular Chinese gay pornographic videos sourced from Chitu (514 mins), a major Chinese porn platform, this study identifies key patterns in how power dynamics, body image, and cultural symbols are represented. The findings reveal a strong emphasis on dominant-submissive (DS) roles, with frequent portrayals of verbal abuse (87%), often lacking explicit consent. The analysis also highlights a preference for muscular physiques and selective skin color preference, with tattoos predominantly associated with dominant roles (tops). The use of terms like "Father," specific clothing items (e.g. white socks, white panties), and practices like foot licking underscore the ongoing gender stereotypes of gay sexuality in China