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A history of the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) in South African politics, 2013-2018
No full textDissertation (M.A. (History))--University of the Free State, 2022English: This dissertation uses books, chapters in books, newspaper clippings, internet sources and party documents to locate the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) history in South African politics from 2013 to 2018. The dissertation investigates the rationale behind the formation of the EFF and evaluates the political role that the EFF has played in South African politics from 2013-2018. It examines the rationale behind the formation of the EFF, maps the role of the EFF in South African politics, and further evaluates its participation in the 2014 national and 2016 local elections. It further looks into the role of the EFF in parliament and its impact from 2014 to 2018. It concludes that the EFF has played a critical role in South African politics. It illustrates that the EFF has positioned itself in the broader scope of South African politics through its active role in parliament and participation in the 2014 national and 2016 local government elections, respectively. The EFF played a critical role in taking votes from the voting constituencies and others of the ANC. In these two elections (2014 and 2016), the EFF has shown upward mobility, my dissertation compared the two in terms of voter turnout and votes that the EFF got. One noticeable phenomenon is the misuse of democratic centralism, which denies other leaders within the party to appear as equal and as important as Julius Malema.Other: Dipatlisiso tsena di sebedisa mehlodi e fapaneng, ho kenyeleditswe dikarolwana tsa dibuka, dikarolwana tsa di koranta, mehlodi e phatlaladitsweng ke mokgatlo wa Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF), dibuka, dikananelo tse fapaneng, le mehlodi ya marangrang e le ho leka ho fuputsa karolo ya EFF dipolotiking tsa Afrika Borwa ho tloha ka dilemo tsa 2013-2018. Dipatlisiso tsena di fuputsana le tshusumetso e bileng teng pele mokgatlo wa EFF o ka thehwa. Dilemo tsa pele tse hlano ha esale mokgatlo ona one o thehwe di bile boima haholo ho baetapele ba mokgahlo. Ho fihlella tsena tsohle, dipatlisiso tsena di tla sheba ka botebo karolo ya mokgatlo dikgethong tsa selemo sa 2014 tsa karakaretso le tsa 2016 tsa bomasepala. Ho sa le jwalo, dipatlisiso tsena di tla tswela pele ka ho lekola karolo eo mokgahlo ona oe bapetseng lemong tse hlano tse fetileng palementeng, re tsepamisitse maikutlo ho tsa tsamaiso ya dipuisano ka hare ho palamente. Dipatlisiso tsena di utullutse hore e fela mokgahlo wa EFF o bapetse karolo e kgolo dipolotiking tsa Afrika Borwa dilemong tse hlano tse fetileng. Mokgahlo wa EFF o bapetse karolo e kgolo ho theoleng dikgetho tsa African National Congress (ANC). Makgetlong a mabedi ao mokgatlo wa EFF o nkileng karolo dikgethong, sena se bontshitse kgolo e tsitsitseng. Enngwe ya dintho tseo eleng tlohaba boroko mokgatlong wa EFF, ke hore tsohle tsa mokgahlo di itshetlehile hodima moetapele wa mokgahlo e leng Julius Malema, mme tshebediso e mpe ya puso kapa matla e ka beha mokgahlo ka mosing
The experiences of adolescent daughters of mothers diagnosed with borderline personality disorder
No full textThis study aimed to describe, interpret and gain deep insight into the lived experiences of adolescent (aged 12–18) daughters with mothers diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). As this disorder is characterized by substantial impairment in terms of interpersonal functioning and implies a deeply-rooted identity disturbance, the question is how this will affect the mothering abilities of women diagnosed with the disorder. Specifically, mothering adolescent daughters in the fifth developmental phase are confronted with identity forming versus identity confusion. In the adolescent phase, attachment forming has already
been established. Clinical theorists suggest disturbed attachments are expected from someone diagnosed with this psychopathology. It was found that a definite association exists between BPD and insecure attachment forming. The attachment style the child was exposed to will directly influence the development of the child's internal working model and affect the
child's emotional regulation, autonomy, capacity to build and maintain trusting relationships and social and relationship expectations. The major objective of this study was to investigate the risk factors for developing a transgenerational pattern and determine what elements will protect the adolescent daughter from this repeated pattern. What will assist the child in
reaching a point of meaning-making, and what will the role be of psychotherapy and psychiatric interventions?
The study was interpretative and phenomenological, and eleven adolescent daughters with mothers diagnosed with BPD were interviewed on two occasions, six months apart. Qualitative data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analysed through a thematic analysis. Four themes were deducted from the interviews: (1) experiencing complex interpersonal dynamics, (2) experiencing emotional dysregulation, (3) not managing the system, and (4) having positive expectancies. The study contributed to the gap in South African literature on the effect of a maternal BPD diagnosis on adolescent daughters and the importance of psycho-therapeutic interventions as a protective measure for developing a transgenerational pattern. The study added to the international literature on this topic and emphasized the differences in adolescents' maternal perceptions within the middle adolescent group (aged 12–18 years)
Delineation of groundwater protection zones: Towards a groundwater management plan in the Sutherland area, South Africa
No full textDissertation (M.Sc.(Geohydrology))--University of the Free State, 2022The water resources of the largely groundwater-dependent Central Karoo region have been put under much strain as a result of continuous drought over the past seven years (DWS, 2021a). Rainfall patterns have been erratic, with the lowest recorded rainfall in decades. Hence, there has been limited recharge to the respective aquifers, resulting in declining groundwater levels and a decrease in borehole yields. The town of Sutherland relies solely on groundwater for its water supply. It was reported by the DWS (2021a) that in the long term, continuous water level monitoring of the production boreholes has indicated a general drop in water levels and a correlating decline in yields. In addition to dropping water levels, there has been a large increase in the number of privately owned boreholes drilled within the town area. Previously, these boreholes mostly targeted shallow water strikes within the fractured aquifer. However, with the declining water levels noted above, these boreholes have become increasingly low yielding and, in some cases, even dry. The response to this has been private drilling continuing past the shallow fractures to deeper water strikes in the aquifer, likely contributing towards a general drop in water levels within production boreholes close to town. The existing water supply boreholes are located within a 1-km radius of the town where the significant increase in groundwater use is occurring. Furthermore, historically, other than wellhead protection, the supply boreholes have been unprotected against contamination and the impact of other groundwater users. Figure 1 depicts one of the existing production boreholes and wellhead protection with a residential area in the background. In 2021, the expansion of the existing town supply with newly developed boreholes and wellfields targeted relatively undeveloped and undisturbed areas. This presented the opportunity to delineate protection zones and to develop standard operating procedures for sustainable aquifer management that will prevent the deterioration of groundwater quality and the aquifer itself through contamination and over-abstraction
High-density grazing in southern Africa: inspiration by nature leads to conservation?
No full textHigh-density grazing is a form of rangeland management aiming to strategically mimic the ways grasslands are utilized by grazers in natural situations. It aims to regenerate grasslands by improving soil and vegetation productivity and diversity. More recently, high-density grazing systems have been promoted as a key approach to mitigating climate change by increasing the amount of carbon sequestered in grassland soils. In this article, we describe the historical background of grazing and rangeland degradation in southern Africa, the principles of high-density grazing, and the problems it aims to address. We briefly discuss evidence of the potential benefits of high-density grazing, though we do not aim to provide an exhaustive review on this. We explore to what extent high-density grazing can be regarded as representative of grazing in natural ecosystems and whether the assumed link between nature and high-density grazing has been helpful in capitalizing on the potential merits of high-density grazing. While high-density grazing may represent a form of sustainable rangeland management, the main attractiveness to farmers likely relates to potential increases in livestock densities and associated productivity per unit area, as well as to potential management and social benefits. Learning from nature and inspiration by nature can play an important role in the development and communication of sustainable grazing management systems. However, it is questionable to what extent high-density grazing systems can be seen as more representative of natural ecosystems than other grazing management systems. The claimed ecological superiority of high-density grazing because of its association with nature has polarised and blurred the discussion on the potential merits of high-density grazing. Moreover, the supposed relationship between nature and high-density grazing may have led to an overselling of high-density grazing principles and an embracement of them by policy makers and development agencies without sufficient empirical basis.Publisher's versio
Re-assembling De Poort: a future design and manufacturing faacility proposed in the old industrial district of Paarl
No full textDissertation (M.Arch. (Architecture))--University of the Free State, 2022De Poort led the wagon-making industry nationally in the 1870s as the primary producer for the Diamond rush in Kimberley, up until the arrival of the automobile in South Africa in the late 1890s. This left the manufacturing industry with no parts to design, produce or assemble. It can be argued that the industrial landscape of De Poort now resembles a fractured assemblage, barely held together by a few components. A composition gradually disassembled by tools, representative of spacial isolation, terminated functional purpose, and a general lack of confidence. This resulted in the loss of De Poort’s singular and universal identity, therefore being paralysed to transformation, unable to activate or produce the necessary components for it. Consequently, this led to the question of how the fractured identity of De Poort can be restored through transitional and transformative acts of spatial assemblage. By combining the theoretical discourse, relating to the Assemblage Theory which exposes the extreme similarities that complex assemblage has towards urban landscapes, with that of extensive site analysis, it becomes possible to investigate the fractured assemblage of complex urban identities at multiple levels of analysis. This gives insight into the most sensitive transformation options for the De Poort Rhizome. The conceptual purpose was to create a community bespoke design, integrating structural, technical, spacial, and material solutions for each of the contextual problems raised by the site analysis. Ultimately, this led to the design of a Micro Industrial Park with Manufacturing and Assembly based infrastructure. The project is thus capable of facilitating large-scale component deliveries from the community’s component producers, combined with assemblage and distribution functions, in addition to being activated by a Design hub creating specialised furniture ranges commemorating De Poort. This project aimed to explore alternative functional possibilities for the De Poort Production industry, whilst being sensitive to heritage and identity. Facilitating industrial and public engagement that is not only coherent but inseparable. Ultimately stabilising the Rhizome with decerning architectural intervention and the re-activation of assembly and infrastructure
The impact of mine closures/downscaling on small-town economies: An analysis of the Koffiefontein mine
No full textDissertation (MDS (Development Studies))--University of the Free State, 2022Over the past 20 years, the South African mining industry has been characterised by mine closure and downscaling. Not only in South Africa, but also in many other countries, local communities, mineworkers, as well as local economies are severely affected by such closures and downscaling. This study looks specifically at the context of the Koffiefontein mine in the Free State province of South Africa and focuses on the effects of unemployment following mine closure. In order to discuss the implication of mine closure in this specific context, the researcher conducted semi-structured interviews with former Koffiefontein mineworkers, municipal officials from the area, as well as the broader community. Snowball sampling was employed to recruit interviewees, who were asked to comment on their lived experience post mine closure, specifically as it relates to their employment. The study shows that mining activities account for this area's main economic activities. Further, the research indicates that in addition to jeopardising the local community and former mineworkers' livelihoods, the closure of the mine contributes to family disintegration, an increase in crime, psychological distress, income loss, and high levels of migration. Based on these and other related social issues discussed in this study, the researcher recommends that programmes be implemented to increase skills transfer and capacity building. This will allow for labour mobility post mine closure
Redox data of tris(polypyridine)manganese(II) complexes
No full textVery little cyclic voltammetry data for tris(polypyridine)manganese(II) complexes, [MnII(N^N)3]2+, where N^N is bipyridine (bpy), phenanthroline (phen) or substituted bpy or phen ligands, respectively; are available in the literature. Cyclic voltammograms were found for tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)manganese(II) perchlorate only. In addition to our recently published related research article, the data presented here provides cyclic voltammograms and corresponding voltage-current data obtained during electrochemical oxidation and the reduction of four [MnII(N^N)3]2+ complexes, using different scan rates and analyte concentrations. The results show increased concentration and scan rates resulting in higher Mn(II/III) peak oxidation potentials and increased peak current-voltage separations of the irreversible Mn(II/III) redox event. The average peak oxidation and peak reduction potentials of the Mn(II/III) redox events stayed constant within 0.01 V. Similarly, the average of the peak oxidation and reduction potentials of the ligand-based reduction events of [MnII(N^N)3]2+ were constant within 0.01 V.Publisher's versio
Tuneable blue to orange phosphor from Sm3+ doped ZnAl2O4 nanomaterials
No full textUndoped and Sm3+ doped ZnAl2O4 nanopowders were synthesized using the co-precipitation method and annealed at 750 ℃ for 3.5 h. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of varying the Sm3+ concentration on the ZnAl2O4 structure, morphology, and optical properties. The X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the samples have a face-centred cubic structure. Crystallite size decreased with an increase in Sm3+ concentration. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the addition of Sm3+ slightly influence the morphology of the samples. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed a slight decrease in particle sizes. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis confirmed the anticipated elemental composition. Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy showed an increase in bandgap compared to the host. Photoluminescence analysis indicated that doping with Sm3+ induced defects within ZnAl2O4. The emission peaks observed around 380, 401, 451, 500, and 739 nm are attributed to host material. The emission peaks at 564, 601, and 649 nm correspond to the 5G5/2 → 6H5/2, 6H7/2, and 6H9/2 transition of Sm3+, respectively. The highest luminescence intensity was found for the 0.5 % Sm3+ sample. The CIE colour chromaticity diagram showed that the emission colour could be tuned from bluish to nearly white to orange.Publisher's versio
Controversial topics in the school curriculum: a case study on the teaching of evolution in South Africa
No full textThesis (Ph.D.(Education))--University of the Free State, 2022This study sought to explore how Life Science teachers in South Africa deal with challenges of teaching evolution in a country where Christianity remains dominant and is celebrated through public and/or national holidays. The theoretical framework underpinning this study is a cognitive framework of implementation, enabling the exploration of how teachers can construct understandings of the policy message; construct an interpretation of their own practice and how they integrated the policy signals in their practice. A qualitative approach was employed using an in-depth case study design in order to explore how three Life Sciences teachers in South Africa negotiate controversial topics like evolution within the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement, and what the challenges and opportunities are for teaching about evolution. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and classroom observations.
Five major findings emerged from this cross-case analysis. First, it could be observed that two of the teachers did not study evolution when they trained to become teachers, whilst the topic of evolution was part of the third teacher’s training programme. The second finding speaks to the influence of teachers’ beliefs and perspectives on evolution during the lesson. The third finding shows that teachers demonstrated that they could use both teacher-centred and learner-centred approaches when teaching evolution. However, teacher-centred instructional strategies were dominant. The fourth major finding indicates that the teachers experienced challenges that stood in the way of teaching the topic of evolution effectively, which includes the notion that evolution stands as a competing worldview to the learners’ and teachers’ beliefs on the origins of the earth and its people. The fifth major finding shows that the teaching and learning of evolution exposed learners to critical thinking. The study recommends that decision makers, policy makers and educational authorities responsible for the education system in Gauteng and similar school contexts provide clear policy guidelines on the teaching and learning of evolution as a controversial topic and, where possible, provide continuous professional development programmes at various educational levels to equip teachers’ pedagogical practices
The teaching of Euclidean geometry: a universal design for learning approach
No full textDissertation (M.Ed.(Mathematics Education))--University of the Free State, 2022Numerous studies have shown the effectiveness of Universal Design for Learning (UDL) in supporting learners with extensive needs, disabilities and planning inclusive mathematics curricula. However, little has been documented about the effects of implementing UDL in the teaching Euclidean geometry. Hence the focus of this study was to explore the implementation of UDL to enhance the teaching of Euclidean geometry. Learners’ performance in Euclidean geometry had been a concern to all stakeholders in the education system locally and internationally. Several studies affirmed that the root cause of the poor performance in Euclidean geometry were the ineffective teaching strategies which resulted in teachers not meeting the needs of the learners in their classrooms. UDL is a curriculum framework designed to address diverse learners’ needs and create a conducive and enabling learning environment for all learners.
The study was qualitative in nature, underpinned by social constructivism and adopted a participatory action research (PAR) as a research design. Data were collected from a team of five mathematics teachers with experience of more than ten years of teaching from Grades 8-10, the Mathematics HOD, the subject advisor, Mathematics coordinator for the senior phase, the Curriculum Education Specialist, and the UDL coach. The coach raised awareness about the diversity in classrooms and how the principles of UDL could be implemented to teach Euclidean geometry effectively. The lesson observations and focus group discussions were used as the primary data collection instruments. Data were generated through active engagement and discussion among the co-researchers using free attitude interview technique (FAI). The findings revealed that implementing UDL principles in teaching Euclidean geometry could make geometry content accessible and perceptible to all learners. This study could add to the body of knowledge as there was little documented about how UDL could be implemented to create inclusive and flexible teaching strategies for teaching Euclidean geometry and making the content accessible to the society of diverse learners