11613 research outputs found
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The use of professional learning communities to monitor the implementation of the Lesotho integrated curriculum
No full textDissertation (M.Ed.(Management and Leadership))--University of the Free State, 2022In Lesotho, like in other countries where educational policies are reformed, the government of Lesotho, through the Ministry of Education and Training, developed and published the Curriculum and Assessment Policy 2009 (CAP2009). The new policy aimed to establish an integrated curriculum (Education for individual and social development) because the previous curriculum seemed to fail to address the challenges faced by the young Basotho generations. When this new policy was implemented in 2013, some of the important aspects, such as training of the School Management Teams, were not considered. Consequently, these people encountered several challenges when monitoring the implementation of the integrated curriculum.
Most current studies about integrated curricula are based on the challenges encountered by teachers and the strategies that can be applied. There is a limited study focused on the challenges faced by School Management Teams. The main function of the SMTs is to spend much of their time monitoring the implementation of the new policy so that they find and use suitable strategies such as professional learning communities.
This study aims to use the professional learning communities as a form of continuous professional development to enhance the monitoring of the Lesotho integrated curriculum. It seems that the SMTs, as people responsible for monitoring the implementation,have sufficient knowledge of monitoring the new policy. The literature indicates that the challenges encountered by the SMTs in Lesotho in monitoring CAP 2009 were encountered by other countries regionally and internationally when they were monitoring the implementation of the new educational reforms.
This participatory action research was conducted with a formulated team of school principal, deputy school principal, senior teacher and two teachers of the same school as people with ideas about implementing the integrated curriculum. The team scheduled the activities that needed to be performed to address the monitoring challenges. The findings provided that to address the challenges of monitoring the implementation of the Lesotho integrated curriculum; the SMTs should schedule suitable time, involve parents of learners in the education, assess learners as the policy provided, develop a shared vision amongst other stakeholders, make resources available, monitor and provide teachers with feedback after monitoring their work
A competitive strategy for smallholder women in the Agro-food industry in the Free State Province of the republic of South Africa
No full textThis study's aim involved the development of a framework for a competitive strategy that would empower smallholder women to own and nurture agro-food enterprises in South Africa's Free State Province. The main objective was to develop an empirical model that could be used to ensure that market access interventions would positively influence change for these enterprises. Accordingly, the study measures the effect of the transformation factors on women in agro-food enterprises of the Free State Province. The domain of women empowerment has been used worldwide in evaluating the extent of women's empowerment in the agricultural sector. Thus, this study aimed to analyse this domain to empower women's agro-food enterprises in the Free State Province. This study adopted the concurrent explanatory mixed method research design. In this design, the socio-economic data were collected using a closed-ended questionnaire, followed by focus group sessions. Stratified random sampling techniques were employed to obtain a sample size of 517, using the Raosoft sample size calculator. Finally, the data were analysed by using hierarchical multiple regression, binary multiple-regression, a stepwise multiple-regression model, and structural equation modelling (SEM). The results showed that market access is highly correlated (r = 0.482, p = 0.000) with business ownership and moderately correlated with management control. These results suggest that when business ownership, management control and representative are included in the model with market access, market access has a minor but positively significant (β=0.059, p = 0.05) role in influencing agro-food enterprise transformation for smallholder women. However, the effect of market access on change is seen to be the lowest, compared with the confounding variables. These results imply that market access is not the highest priority in effecting transformation in this farming system, but that business ownership, representation, and management control are. Further results reveal that all the responsive variables were significant in affecting agro-food enterprises. However, business ownership (beta = 0.334, p = 0.000) showed that it has a key effect on women's agro-food enterprises, relative to representativity (beta = 0.315, p = 0.000) and management control (beta = 0.087, p = 0.000). The study indicated that business ownership, representation of women, and management control in these enterprises are necessary to transform these enterprises. This study revealed that all the domains for empowerment positively influence the empowerment of these enterprises, except the leadership in the community (β = -0.516, p = 0.001). The findings show a positive relationship between production and empowerment success (β = 0.133, p < 0.000). Similarly, all subsequent hypotheses were also supported. These results imply a positive and significant relationship between transformation and empowerment (β = 0.151, p < 0.000), capacity building and empowerment (β = 0.313, p < 0.000), entrepreneurship and empowerment (β = 0.552, p < 0.007), and savings and competitiveness (β = 0463, p < 0.000). For the Free State province to modernize this type of farming system, it is recommended that the extension services be implemented to ensure that the women farmers have opportunities to acquire ownership of land, and representation in the value chain and in the management of the corporate entities dealing with market access. The study concluded that business ownership, representation of women, and management control in these enterprises are necessary to transform these enterprises. Therefore, it is recommended that the policy on women empowerment be amended to emphasize these three tenets of transformation. This study further recommends that gender empowerment policies be transformed to enforce gender parity in all facets of the community's leadership in order to support women's views. In conclusion, the current model should allay the concerns of the researchers and practitioners regarding the lack of competitiveness of the smallholder agro-food enterprises of women, even though the government supports them. Therefore, it recommends that savings and empowerment should be used to ensure the competitiveness of these enterprises
Development of a clinical hand rehabilitation guideline for second to fifth metacarpal fractures in South Africa
No full textThesis (Ph.D.(Physiotheraphy))--University of the Free State, 2022In countries, such as South Africa, with limited resources and inequities in their healthcare delivery services optimal hand rehabilitation is essential in their quest to enable individuals sustaining second-to-fifth metacarpal fractures to return without delay to pre-injury functioning and to work safely. Sub-optimal hand rehabilitation service delivery impacts the already strained South African healthcare system, where individuals may return to hospitals or clinics with associated complications leading to time off from work and thus negative socioeconomic consequences (Poolman et al, 2005). Second to fifth metacarpal fractures are generally sustained as a result of motor vehicle accidents, trauma and violence, and in most cases, where the hand makes contact with an object. A fracture of the neck of the fifth metacarpal is one of the most frequent of the hand injuries to be sustained. The problem is that there are no guidelines and best-evidence information available to guide clinical practice which leaves a gap in the knowledge base in this respect. The result is that owing to the individual’s hand not being optimally managed, there would then be a possible delay in returning to work, and more seriously, disability and dysfunction. Three research phases were undertaken to achieve the aim of developing a clinical hand rehabilitation guideline for adults, male and female, between the ages of 20 and 59 years, after conservative and surgical management following a single or multiple second to fifth metacarpal fractures. The first phase included a systematic review according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) principles.
The second phase involved a two-staged feasibility study and a cross-sectional study, and included healthy adult participants who met the inclusion criteria. The participants donned two gloves with force sensing resistors (FSR) attached with glue to the finger pads which allowed the finger and grasp forces to be measured. The basic and instrumental activities of daily living (ADL) were performed in a laboratory. The FSR testing phase allowed for the inclusion of grasp types in the guideline, as well as the categorisation of ADL tasks into light, moderate and heavy task categories. The categorisation of ADL tasks allowed the clinicians to give advice, according to the timelines for bone healing, about returning to pre-injury tasks. The third phase involved an eDelphi method, with consideration being given to the Conducting and Reporting of DElphi Studies (CREDES), with recommendations included. In this case, the experts participated in a three-round eDelphi method to reach consensus and to further develop and finalise the clinical hand rehabilitation guideline. The guideline methodology was developed using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) instrument. After three phases of the study, with the final phase being the eDelphi method, expert consensus was reached on 32 recommendations. A hand rehabilitation guideline consisting of the 32 recommendations was developed by the researcher to inform this research’s clinical guideline which is presented in the format of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)
Navigating between the sacred and the profane: Mohokare sacred sites, spiritual tourism and the challenges in the formal heritage sector
No full textThesis (Ph.D. (Africa Studies))--University of the Free State, 2022English: After the democratic election of 1994 in South Africa, many Basotho who were
dispossessed of their ancestral land west of the Mohokare River in the Free State
Province of South Africa in the late 19th century returned to reclaim the land through
spiritual journeys to sacred sites of Mantsopa, Mautse, Motouleng and Witsie's Cave.
This was the beginning of the contestation between farm owners and pilgrims, even
between pilgrims themselves, thus creating complexities that came to characterise
Mohokare Valley sacred sites as sites of ownership contestation, criminality, and
hybridity. This study attempted to find empirical solutions to the sacred and profane
tensions created by the inheritance of a colonial approach to heritage and land
administration in South Africa that displaced Afrocentric customs, values, and
experiences. The study integrated Afrocentricity and Decoloniality with elements from
Postcolonialism to develop the Afrikana-Decolonial Theoretical Framework. The
theoretical framework was further enhanced by Afrikana-Participatory Action
Research (APAR) as research methodology that encompassed Afrocentric Research
Methods and Participatory Action Research chosen because of their liberating and
emancipatory potential to bring about change in the lives of local communities. This
approach borrows spirituality and communalism from Afrocentricity, places Africa as
the locus of engagement, takes hybridity from Postcolonialism as the condition that
characterises sacred sites and pilgrimage, and approaches the process of
decolonisation of African gnoseology from a decolonial perspective. This is interpreted
from a broader perspective, extending back to the Atlantic Slave Trade and making
local communities partners in this project. Given the nature of APAR, the research
culminated in an Integrated Management Plan (IMP) designed to institutionalise
Mohokare Valley sacred sites as spiritual tourism sites with beneficiation intended for
all participants. The IMP was first tested on the Witsie's Cave Provincial Heritage Site
as the action case study. It was adapted for the rest of the Mohokare sacred sites as
part of an ongoing process in line with APAR.Other: Ka mora dikgetho tse lokolohileng tsa Afrika Borwa tsa 1994, Basotho ba bangata ba
neng ba amohilwe lefatshe la bontata bona le ka bophirima ho noka ya Mohokare
provenseng ya Freistata, Afrika Borwa, mafelong a ngwahakgolo wa leshome le metso
e robong, ba ile ba kgutla ka ho nka maeto a semoya ho ya dibakeng tse halalelang
tsa Mantsopa, Mautse, Motouleng le Lehaheng la Oetsi. Hona e bile qaleho ya
ditwantshano pakeng tsa beng ba mapolasi a potileng dibaka tse boletsweng le batho
ba neng ba di etela. Hape ya eba qhwebeshano mahareng a baeti ka bobona. Hona
ho tlisitse mathata a tsekisano ya dibaka, botlokotsebe le bohabedi, e leng tseo dibaka
tse halalelang tsa phula ya Mohokare di tsejwang ka tsona matsatsing a kajeno. Thuto
ena e lekile ho fumana tharollo e sebetsang tsitsipanong e pakeng tsa bohalaledi le
tlhokahalo ya bohalaledi e bakilweng ke tsela eo re sietsweng lefa ke borakoloni ya
ho laola dibaka tsa botjhaba le tsamaiso ya naha mona Afrika Borwa moo ho nang le
meetlo, boleng le mekgwa ya seafrika. Thuto ena e kopantse ditheori tsa Tjhadimo ya
boafrika le Ho itlhohlolla bokolone le Ho feta bokolone, e le ho bopa Moralo wa theori
ya Afrikana-Decolonial. Motheo ona o matlafaditswe ka Phuputso e Ketsong ya ho ba
le seabo ya Afrikana e le mokgwa wa ho etsa diphuputso oo le ona o ikamahanyang
le mekgwa ya diphuputso ya seafrika. Mekgwa ena e mmedi e kgethilwe ka lebaka la
ho nnetefatsa hore ho be le tokoloho le phetoho maphelong a baahi ba sebaka seo
diphuputso di etswang ho sona. Tselatshebetso ena e adima bohalaledi le letsema
tjhadimong ya boafrika, e hloma Afrika e le tikoloho eo diphuputso di etswang ho yona,
bohabedi ho feta bokolone jwalo ka boemo bo renang dibakeng tse halalelang le ho
baeti ba tsona, ebe ho sebediswa ho itlhohlolla bokolone e le ho leka ho lokolla tsebo
ya seafrika, kaha ho itlhohlolla bokolone hona ho lata tokoloho ya Afrika nakong ya
bokgoba mme ho fana ka matla ho baahi ho etella pele merero ya bona ya tokoloho
bokoloneng. Sena se etsetswa ho bopa moralo wa tsamaiso o kenyeletsang tsohle, o
reretsweng ho sebediswa Dibakeng tse halalelang tsa noka ya Mohokare jwalo ka
dibaka tsa bohahlaudi ba tsa sedumeli tseo ho tsona bohle ba bang le seabo ba tla
una molemo. Moralo ona o beilwe tekong pele Setsheng sa Botjhaba sa Provense sa
Lehaha la Oetsi e le karolwana ya ho ithuta, hape e le karolo e ntshetsang pele
mosebetsi o mabapi le Phuputso e Ketsong ya ho ba le seabo ya Afrikana e
sebedisitsweng thutong ena
Anthropogenic light, noise, and vegetation cover differentially impact different foraging guilds of bat on an opencast mine in South Africa
No full textBats are known to be sensitive to changes in their environment. The impact of natural vegetation cover, artificial light intensity and noise (dBA) were investigated on the bat community on the opencast Venetia diamond mine using mixed-effects models. Clutter-feeding bats were virtually absent compared to surrounding natural habitats, suggesting the negative impact of vegetation removal and/or light and/or noise pollution. Mixed-effect models revealed that natural vegetation was the most important factor impacting species richness and overall bat activity. In general, bat activity of both open-air and clutter-edge foragers was negatively impacted over areas close to mining operations that were devoid of vegetation cover. Artificial light only significantly affected feeding activity with less feeding activity in the lit areas. Anthropogenic noise had no significant impact on bat activity and species richness. Our study highlights the
importance of vegetation cover and the complexity of the interaction between bats and the environment incorporating anthropogenic factors (artificial lighting, continuous noise, and habitat degradation) and natural factors such as minimum temperature, moon phase, and season that confound trends in bat species richness and responses in relation to opencast mining.Publisher's versio
Songs in translation: a centre for indigenous music in Woodstock, Cape Town
No full textIndigenous music is in danger of extinction. The oral nature of carrying the knowledge over from one generation to another
further complicates the conservation of the music. Minimal documentation of the music exists, and most of it is documented
from a Western perspective. The lack of performance documentation further complicates the preservation since the music
and performance cannot be split. This thesis seeks to explore ways in which indigenous music of different cultures might find embodiment in architecture without
being misappropriated. The research considers three different cultures’ music based on the cultures found in the geographic
location of the proposed design, namely Woodstock, Cape Town. These cultures are: Khoesan, Xhosa, and the Kaapse
Klopse (Cape Minstrels). The research document further explores ways in which the languages of different cultures, but also that of the architecture
and context, can work together in the formulation of a place for different identities. Various notions are considered, such as
liminality or thresholds as well as generative design methods. Ultimately, the research investigates theories of ethnomusicology as well as other methods to translate musicology to architecture
within a complex physical and non-physical context
Knowledge work in the age of control: capitalising on human capital
No full textThe main claim that I aim to substantiate in this article is that power in the form of control is exerted in a more insidious manner now that knowledge work has become ‘networked’. To this end, I first describe societal control in the current epoch. Given the fact that my focus is on knowledge work, I next revisit the human capital literature with the aim of coming to a more precise understanding of what knowledge work is. The literature on “leveraging human capital” (Burud and Tumolo 2004) evidences how human capital theory draws on the conditions of free-floating control to optimally capitalise on knowledge workers. Models of overt management have come to be replaced by more expansive and insidious models of control that extend beyond the sphere of work into the intimate recesses of private life. Control operative at the societal level (Castells 1996) extends beyond the macro-level (neoliberal), to the meso-level (organisational), and the micro-level (self-governance). Next, I critically consider the implications of these conditions of control for the (self-)governance of the knowledge worker by drawing on Han’s (2017) further specification of control as “smart power”. I come to the conclusion that under the conditions of apparently greater autonomy and discretion that is so pervasive in the management literature discussing knowledge workers, governance as “control” induces constant work erasing the boundaries between work and private life. Neoliberalism with its mantra of investment in human capital has succeeded in producing an optimally efficient, ever-working subject. Throughout my analyses are informed by Foucault’s (2008) concept of “governmentality”, which fuses the presiding rationality (knowledge) with governance (power as control) to throw light on how human conduct is being conducted (orchestrated) for optimal efficiency.Publisher's versio
Genotype and environmental effects on maize grain yield, nutritional value and milling quality
No full textDissertation (M.Sc.(Plant Breeding))--University of the Free State, 2022In sub-Saharan Africa and other regions in the world, many people rely on maize as their primary food. To guarantee food security, high yielding and nutritious maize hybrids must be bred. Breeding for increased maize grain yield, nutritional quality traits and milling quality allows diversification and an increase in maize production. It also helps in the alleviation of malnutrition in countries that rely on maize as their dietary source. This research was conducted in order to: 1) determine the genotype and environmental effects on maize grain yield, nutritional quality traits, and milling quality, 2) determine the interrelationship among grain yield, nutritional quality traits and milling quality in maize genotypes and 3) to evaluate genotype by environment interaction for grain yield and to determine the grain yield stability of maize hybrids. Eighteen maize genotypes (nine commercial and nine experimental hybrids) were planted using a randomized complete block design (RCBD), replicated six times at seven sites representing the diverse agro-ecologies where maize is predominantly grown in South Africa. Genotype and genotype by environment interaction effects were highly significant (P ≤ 0.001) for all traits, indicating the existence of variability in the maize breeding populations. On average, broad sense heritability (H²) of nutritional quality traits, milling quality and defective grain (DEFG) ranged from 30.86 to 82.50%, which indicated that the phenotypic differences were mostly attributed to genotypic effects. Low H² (17.63%) for grain yield was observed, which indicated that phenotypic differences observed were mostly attributed to environmental factors. High performing genotypes were identified, such as G15-Ex (grain yield, fat and milling quality), G16-Ex (protein and low moisture), G11-Ex (starch) and G14-Ex (fibre). Genotype G2-C and G4-Ex had low mean values for DEFG. The findings in this study provided variation that can be exploited in breeding programmes to improve maize. Significant and positive correlation was found for protein content with grain yield, indicating that these traits could be selected and improved simultaneously. Milling quality was positively correlated with grain yield, protein, fat and low moisture, indicating that multiple trait selection would be possible. Starch was negatively associated with protein content and grain yield, suggesting that the improvement of starch will have a negative effect on maize grain yield and protein content. The clustered heat map identified three clusters of maize hybrids, which were 1) G1-C, G7-C, G9-C, G13-Ex, G14-Ex, G16-Ex and G17-Ex, associated with high protein and fibre content, 2) G4-Ex, G5-C, G6-C, G8-C and G11-Ex, associated with high grain yield, fat, moisture and fibre content and 3) G3-C, G10-C, G12-Ex, G15-Ex and G18-Ex, associated with high milling quality and fat content. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction analysis (AMMI) identified experimental genotypes G4-Ex, G15-Ex and G17-Ex as high yielding and the most stable genotypes, which suggested that these genotypes have broad adaptation. Genotypes G8-C and G11-Ex were high yielding but unstable. The GGE scatter plot identified high yielding genotypes that showed specific (G2-C, G7-C, G8-C, G16-Ex and G17-Ex) and broad (G1-C, G4-Ex, G13-Ex and G15-Ex) adaptation in test environments and revealed two mega environments. Therefore, testing maize genotypes in different environments is important to determine their adaptability and stability before cultivar release and recommendation for commercial production. Maize hybrids with improved grain yield and nutritional quality may be used to alleviate challenges associated with malnutrition
Rotavirus-mediated prostaglandin E2 production in MA104 cells promotes virus attachment and internalisation, resulting in an increased viral load
No full textRotaviruses are one of the leading causes of severe dehydrating diarrhoea in infants and children under the age of five. Despite the introduction of vaccines, disease burden remains high in sub-Saharan Africa, with no known anti-viral treatments available. During early infection rotavirus attaches to several cellular receptors and enters the cells by either clathrin-dependent or -independent endocytosis. Prostaglandin E2, an abundant eicosanoid, is produced from arachidonic acid during rotavirus infection and inhibition of prostaglandin E2 formation have a deleterious effect on rotavirus infection. In this study, MA104 cells were supplemented with γ-linolenic acid (GLA), a precursor of arachidonic acid. Infection of supplemented cells with rotavirus SA11 led to a depletion in the relative percentages of GLA and arachidonic acid which coincided with an increased production of prostaglandin E2 as monitored by ELISA. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that prostaglandin E2 co-localises with the viroplasm-forming proteins, NSP5 and NSP2. Due to the known association of viroplasms with lipid droplets and the fact that lipid droplets are sites for prostaglandin E2 production, our results indicate a possible role for viroplasms in the production of rotavirus-induced prostaglandin E2. Replication kinetics showed that inhibitors, targeting the biosynthesis of prostaglandin E2, had negative effects on rotavirus yield, especially during the early stages of infection. Using flow cytometry and prostaglandin E2 addback experiments, we show that prostaglandin E2 enhances the attachment and internalisation of rotavirus in MA104 cells indicating a possible role for prostaglandin E2 during clathrin-mediated rotavirus entry. The production of prostaglandin E2 during rotavirus infection could serve as a possible target for anti-viral treatment.Publisher's versio
Phenomenological study of practitioners’ lived mathematical play practices in an early childhood care and education setting
No full textThesis (Ph.D.(Early Childhood Development))--University of the Free State, 2022Globally, research indicates growing interest in mathematics-related play in early childhood settings; this is also the case in the informal settlements of Mangaung in the Motheo District. This interest has its roots in the poor performance of learners in mathematics when they reach formal education, particularly in the foundation phase. The aim of this study was to carry out a phenomenological investigation of practitioners’ lived mathematics play practices in early childhood care and education settings.
The study is located in Vygotsky’s social constructivist theory, which maintains that children acquire knowledge best if there is scaffolding and mediation by more knowledgeable others. Vygotsky defined the more knowledgeable other as someone who has a better understanding or higher ability levels than the child on a particular task, process, or concept. Therefore, language and environment play a major role in the child’s process of new knowledge creation. Vygotsky believed that knowledge is first acquired interpersonally, as the child learns from others, then internalises knowledge; the process takes place in the zone of proximal development (ZPD). Vygotsky explains ZPD as the distance between what children can do by themselves, and what they can achieve with competent assistance by more knowledgeable others.
Additionally, the study employed an interpretive qualitative research paradigm and a phenomenology design. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews, observations and journal entries by the researcher. A purposeful sample of 10 practitioners who were teaching in five early childhood care and education setting took part in the study. Data generated were analysed through the lens of Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory and a thematic approach, through which subthemes emerged. The finding of this study is that practitioners’ lived mathematics play practices in ECCE settings were compromised, as they are not adequately qualified in this context. It is concluded that, through proper teacher development programmes and obtaining adequate qualifications, practitioners’ lived mathematics play-based learning can be enhanced. Therefore, it is recommended that local higher education institutions design and offer a qualification that is adequate for ECCE practitioners, and which incorporates curriculum content that is supposed to be taught to children in this environment to enhance mathematics play-based learning.
___________________________________________________________________Wêreldwyd dui navorsing op toenemende belangstelling in wiskunde-verwante spel in die vroeë kinderjare; dit is ook die geval in die informele nedersettings van Mangaung in die Motheo-distrik. Hierdie belangstelling kan toegeskryf word aan leerders wat swak presteer in wiskunde sodra hulle deel word van die formele onderwysstelsel, veral in die grondslagfase. Die doel van hierdie navorsing is om ’n fenomenologiese ondersoek te doen oor praktisyns se wiskunde-speelpraktyke in vroeëkinderversorging- en onderwysinstellings. Die navorsing is gegrond op Vygotsky se sosiaal-konstruktiwistiese teorie wat sê kinders doen die beste kennis op indien bemiddeling en die boublokke deur kenners gelê is. Vygotsky definieer kenners as iemand wat ’n beter begrip of vermoë as die kind het oor ’n bepaalde taak, proses of konsep. Daarom speel taal en omgewing ’n belangrike rol in die proses waartydens die kind nuwe kennis verwerf. Vygotsky glo dat kennis eers interpersoonlik verwerf word, soos die kind by ander leer, en dan word die kennis geïnternaliseer; die proses vind plaas in proksimale ontwikkeling. Vygotsky verduidelik proksimale ontwikkeling as die verskil tussen wat kinders self kan doen, en wat hulle kan bereik met bekwame bystand van kenners.
Die navorsing het ’n interpretatiewe, kwalitatiewe navorsingsparadigma en ’n fenomenologie-ontwerp gebruik. Data is deur semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude, waarnemings en joernaalinskrywings deur die navorser ingesamel. ’n Doelgerigte steekproef van tien praktisyns wat in vyf vroeëkindersorg- en onderwysomgewings onderrig gegee het, het aan die navorsing deelgeneem. Die data is ontleed volgens Vygotsky se sosiokulturele teorie en ’n tematiese benadering, waarna subtemas ontstaan het. Die bevinding van hierdie navorsing is dat praktisyns se wiskunde-speelpraktyke in vroeëkinderversorging en onderwys tekortgeskiet het omdat hulle in hierdie konteks nie behoorlik gekwalifiseerd is nie. Die gevolgtrekking is deur behoorlike onderwyserontwikkelingsprogramme en die verkryging van voldoende kwalifikasies, praktisyns se wiskunde-verwante spel vir kinders verbeter kan word. Daarom word aanbeveel dat plaaslike hoëronderwysinstellings ’n kwalifikasie ontwerp en aanbied wat voldoende is vir dié praktisyns, wat inhoud van die kurrikulum insluit wat veronderstel is om aan kinders in hierdie omgewing geleer te word om leer deur wiskundige speelpraktyke te verbeter.
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