11613 research outputs found
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Conjunctival stromal tumour: a case report
No full textConjunctival stromal tumour (COST) is a rare and newly described mesenchymal tumour of the conjunctiva. We present a case of a slow-growing conjunctival lesion in a 54-year-old female. Due to persistent irritant symptoms, the lesion was excised. Histopathological assessment showed a paucicellular tumour set in an oedematous and collagenous background within the lamina propria. Significant nuclear degenerative atypia was noted. Lesional cells were positive for CD34 immunohistochemistry. The features were consistent with COST. The condition is typically unilateral and arises in the bulbar conjunctiva, with both inflammatory and neoplastic origins considered. They are sporadic and occur most frequently in adults. COSTs are indolent and managed effectively with complete surgical excision. Conjunctival myxoma is the most important differential diagnosis due to its association with the Carney complex, a potentially life-threatening condition that requires close clinical follow-up. Accurate recognition of COST and myxoma is crucial to stratify care appropriately.Publisher's versio
Elements of a safe learning environment: a student perspective
No full text. There is evidence that any learning experience should happen in a safe learning environment as students interact, experiment and construct new knowledge. It is therefore important to investigate a learning environment from student perspectives on what elements will make them feel safe.
. This study aimed to identify the elements contributing to a safe learning environment for millennial optometry students.
. An intrinsic qualitative case study was undertaken with undergraduate optometry students from the University of the Free State, South Africa (N=68). An open-ended questionnaire was completed after applying nine different teaching-learning methods based on Kolb’s experiential learning cycle. To supplement the data, two focus group interviews (N=17) were also conducted.
. The response rate to the questionnaire was 99.42%, and 15 students participated in the focus group interviews. Students feel safe in an environment where they are familiar with each other, the educators and the surroundings. Peer learning also creates a safe and familiar environment. These elements create an environment where they feel safe to ask questions. Students value an environment where they can learn without influencing their marks or disadvantaging patients. They enjoy learning from their peers but also need personal contact with educators. Elements such as consistency and an achievable objective have also been identified.
. The study findings suggest that to respond to the real learning environment needs of students, insights must be gained into their experiences and perceptions, thereby identifying their needs and suitable learning environment to optimise learning pedagogies.Publisher's versio
Exploring the difficulties faced by intermediate phase learners in solving fractions problems
No full textDissertation (M.Ed.(Education in Mathematics))--University of the Free State, 2024The teaching and learning of fractions has been and is still one of the most problematic topics in the Intermediate Phase. This study investigated and analysed the difficulties faced by learners in solving fractions problems. The study also focused on how learners use mathematical language and terminology when they solve fraction problems, observing whether learners’ code switched in their solutions of fractions problems. Lastly, the study explored mathematical concepts in the topic of fractions that the learners found difficult to understand. The constructivist theory of knowledge was used for this study, as this study tries to understand how learners construct knowledge and understand the concept of fractions in the classrooms. The qualitative method approach was utilised in the study. Data was collected through observation, interviews and a written test on fractions. Purposive sampling was used to select the participants in line with the focus of the study on problem solving in Fractions by learners. The sample consisted of Grade 5 learners in a school based in the Motheo District in the Free State Province. From the school, two classes were used for the purpose of observation and gathering data. Ten learners were selected to be interviewed to find out how they engaged in the solution of the fraction problems in the test. The study followed an interpretivist research paradigm, which focused on trying to understand the viewpoint of the participants being observed. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. The study found that the educator and learners used code-switching as a resource to ensure better understanding of fraction concepts. Though concepts were explained in learners’ home language data shows learners still had difficulties in conceptualizing and applying fraction operations. Learners confused fraction concepts with whole number concepts. They lacked numeracy skills needed to deal with fractional operations
The influence of dissociative identity disorder on academic performance of FET phase learners in KZN rural schools
No full textDissertation (M.Ed.(Psychology of Education))--University of the Free State, 2024This study aims to investigate how Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) affects learners’ academic achievements, engagements, and overall school experience. The objectives were to identify the prevalence of DID among FET learners in rural KwaZulu-Natal schools, examine the impact of DID on their academic performance, and explore interventions that could support affected learners.
The study gained qualitative insight from interviews and focus groups involving learners, teachers, and psychologists. This comprehensive method facilitated a nuanced understanding of DID's effects on learning and academic outcomes.
Results indicated a significant correlation between learners with DID and lower academic performance when compared to their peers without DID. Qualitative findings revealed that dissociative episodes, memory lapse, and the psychological stress associated with Dissociative Identity DID adversely affected learners’ participation in class, homework completion, and exam performance. Furthermore, the study found a general lack of awareness and resources in rural schools to effectively support learners with DID, compounding the challenges they face. The study concludes with several key findings: the need for targeted training for educators in identifying and supporting learners with DID, the importance of integrating psychological support within the school system, and the potential benefits of personalized learning plans for affected learners. The focus should not merely be on academic performance but on creating a holistic experience where every learner, regardless of their challenges, feels included and valued. The study calls for further research and strategies to identify and address dissociative symptoms in learners
Peroxidase application reduces microcrystalline cellulose recalcitrance towards cellulase hydrolysis in model cellulose substrates and rooibos biomass
No full textWe have identified a HRP enzyme with microcrystalline cellulose activity, which has not yet been explored. The current study investigated the effect of HRP pretreatment on the microcrystalline cellulose substrates, Avicel and filter paper. SEM findings showed that HRP pretreatment catalysed the para-microcrystalline regions of Avicel, cracking and opening the pores on the surface. On filter paper, HRP removed the para-microcrystalline regions exposing fibres. Crystallinity index (CrI) analysis confirmed that HRP increased the CrI of Avicel from 49 % to 54.19 % and filter paper from 42 % to 47 %. The cellulose crystallite sizes increased from 45 to 47 nm at the 002 lattices in Avicel, suggesting a reduction of crystalline cellulose. In addition, endoglucanase displayed 1.15-fold increased activity on HRP-pretreated Avicel, confirming reduced crystalline cellulose. These findings showed that HRP pretreatment changed the structural and chemical properties of Avicel, i.e., loosening crystalline cellulose to make the substrate accessible to enzymes during hydrolysis. Finally, these findings were supported by rooibos microcrystalline cellulose modification post-HRP pretreatment, resulting in a 95 % yield of soluble sugars at 25 mg enzyme cocktail/g biomass.Publisher's versio
Unexpected XPS binding energy observations further highlighted by DFT calculations of ruthenocene-containing [Irᴵᴵᴵ(ppy)₂(RCOCHCORc)] Complexes: Cytotoxicity and Crystal Structure of [Ir(ppy)₂(FcCOCHCORc)]
No full textThe series of iridium(III) complexes, [Ir(ppy)₂(RCOCHCOR′)], with R = CH₃ and R′ = CH₃ (1), Rc (2), and Fc (3), as well as R = Rc and R′ = Rc (4) or Fc (5), and R = R′ = Fc (6), ppy = 2-phenylpyridinyl, Fc = Feᴵᴵ(η⁵–C₅H₄)(η⁵–C₅H₅), and Rc = Ruᴵᴵ(η⁵–C₅H₄)(η⁵–C₅H₅), has been investigated by singlecrystal X-ray crystallography and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) supplemented by DFT calculations. Here, in the range of 3.74 ≤ ΣχR ≤ 4.68, for Ir 4f, Ru 3d and 3p and N 1s orbitals, binding energies unexpectedly decreased with increasing ΣχR (ΣχR = the sum of Gordy group electronegativities of the R groups on β-diketonato ligands = a measure of electron density on atoms), while in Fe 2p orbitals, XPS binding energy, as expected, increased with increasing ΣχR. Which trend direction prevails is a function of main quantum level, n = 1, 2, 3. . ., sub-quantum level (s, p, d, and f), initial state energies, and final state relaxation energies, and it may differ from compound series to compound series. Relations between DFT-calculated orbital energies and ΣχR followed opposite trend directions than binding energy/ΣχR trends. X-ray-induced decomposition of compounds was observed. The results confirmed good communication between molecular fragments. Lower binding energies of both the Ir 4f₇/₂ and N 1s photoelectron lines are associated with shorter Ir-N bond lengths. Cytotoxic tests showed that 1 (IC₅₀ = 25.1 μM) and 3 (IC₅₀ = 37.8 μM) are less cytotoxic against HeLa cells than cisplatin (IC₅₀ = 1.1 μM), but more cytotoxic than the free β-diketone FcCOCH₂COCH₃(IC₅₀ = 66.6 μM).Publisher's versio
Employees’ perceptions of diversity management strategies in a South African travel company
No full textDiversity is essential in today’s interconnected world as it fosters creativity, innovation, and adaptability within organisations. A diverse workforce combines different viewpoints, experiences and skills, which can considerably improve problem-solving and decision-making processes. Companies can gain a competitive advantage by accepting people of all backgrounds, including colour, gender, age, and culture. This study examines employees' perspectives on diversity management techniques in the South African tourism industry.
Utilising a qualitative research methodology, the study examines the relationship between diversity management and key factors such as employee engagement, productivity, and retention. Through thematic analysis of data gathered from interviews, several prominent themes emerged, including inclusivity, a variety of backgrounds, and the principles of equality and fairness in understanding workplace diversity.
The findings underscore the importance of effective diversity management in nurturing a robust company culture and enhancing overall organisational performance. Recommendations for improving diversity management strategies include ongoing training and awareness initiatives, better communication, increased representation of diverse groups in leadership positions, the establishment of community partnerships, and the continuous evaluation and adaptation of these strategies. The study acknowledges its limitations and suggests avenues for future research, highlighting the necessity for larger sample sizes, longitudinal studies, and refined methodologies to gain a deeper understanding of diversity management practices within the travel industry. Overall, this research provides valuable insights to assist organisations in creating more inclusive workplaces, ultimately leading to greater employee engagement and satisfaction
Heritability and expression of grain yield and nutritional characteristics of cowpea
No full textCowpea ( L. Walp) is an autogamous diploid legume crop. It is highly self-pollinating, yielding high levels of homozygosity and contributing to a narrow genetic base. Improving cowpea depends on identifying and selecting parental genotypes based on commercial characteristics of interest, followed by hybridisation and selection to develop new elite lines that can be evaluated in several environments for performance. A study on the combining ability of selected parental genotypes is expected to provide insight into the selection of potential parental genotypes, gene action and heritability for grain yield and nutritional characteristics. The objective of this study was to determine general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effect and heritability of economic traits in selected parental genotypes identify the best parents, and new F1 progenies. A half diallel mating design was used to generate 45 F1 progenies, after which the 55 genotypes (the 45 F1 progenies and 10 parental genotypes) were evaluated for grain yield, yield components and nutritional characteristics at two locations for two seasons using a randomised complete block design with three replications.
The results indicated significant genotype, genotype by environment, GCA by environment and SCA by environment interaction effects for all measured characteristics except for GCA and SCA for iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) contents. Both additive and non-additive gene effects were important for the expression of the grain yield and nutritional characteristics measured. However, non-additive gene effects were predominant for most of the yield characteristics, implying potential for hybrid breeding. The low to medium narrow-sense heritability observed for all measured characteristics indicated the predominance of non-additive genetic effects, which suggests that selection would be effective for some of the characteristics, but not for those with low heritability. The parental genotypes TVU13953 and IT96D-602 were the best general combiners for grain yield and most yield components. Glenda, IT93K-129-4, TVU7778 and 98K-5301 were the best general combiners for amylose content. Kisumi-mix and 98K-5301 were the best general combiners for protein content, IT845-2246 and TVU-14196 for Fe, and Glenda and ITOOK-1060 for Zn content. Six hybrid progenies (Glenda x TVU13953, 98K-5301 x TVU13953, IT96D-602 x 98K-5301, IT96D-602 x TVU13953, IT96D-602 x Glenda and IT845-2246 x TVU13953) had superior performance for grain yield. TVU7778 x Kisumi-mix, IT845-2246 x 98K-5301, Kisumi-mix x IT93K-129-4, and Kisumi-mix x ITOOK-1060 had the highest SCA (≥ 2.80) effects for protein content.
TVU-14196 x TVU13953 and TVU-14196 x IT845-2246 exhibited noteworthy positive SCA effects for Fe content. Significantly positive SCA effects were observed for Zn in four hybrids: ITOOK-1060 x Glenda, Kisumi-mix x ITOOK-1060, IT96D-602 x ITOOK-1060, and IT96D-602 x IT93K-129-4. The crosses had increased genetic variability, indicating that hybridisation and selection can be used to improve grain yield, yield components, and nutritional characteristics in cowpea. The F1 progenies expressed heterosis, indicating the possibility of hybrid breeding in cowpea. The best general combiners could be used as parental genotypes for future cowpea breeding programmes
Assessing the digital readiness of academic staff in the Faculty of Health and Environment Sciences at Central University of Technology
No full textThis study examines the digital readiness of academic personnel in the Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences at the Central University of Technology (CUT) in South Africa against the backdrop of swift technological progress and the increasing necessity for digital transformation in educational institutions. Utilising the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the study examines three essential elements: Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU), and Behavioural Intention to Use (BI) with CUT Digital Tools implemented to improve teaching and learning.
A quantitative research approach was employed, utilising a structured questionnaire to collect data from academic staff of varying ranks and experience levels. Data analysis, conducted using SPSS, included descriptive and inferential statistics to examine differences in perceptions based on academic rank and years of experience. Results indicate that senior academic staff and those with more experience generally perceive digital tools as beneficial and easy to use. They are more inclined to integrate these tools into their academic activities. Conversely, junior and part-time staff and those with fewer years of experience display more neutral or negative attitudes, particularly regarding the ease of use and intention to adopt these tools regularly.
These findings highlight a potential gap in digital readiness within the faculty, suggesting a need for targeted support and training initiatives to improve digital adoption across all academic ranks and experience levels. The study concludes with recommendations to enhance digital readiness through structured training programs, onboarding support for new staff, and collaborative efforts between the Centre for Innovation in Learning and Teaching (CILT) and ICT support units. This research provides valuable insights for CUT and other higher education institutions aiming to foster digital competency among their faculty members, ultimately supporting a successful digital transformation aligned with the demands of the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Firebreaks and their effect on vegetation composition and diversity in grasslands of Golden Gate Highlands National Park, South Africa
No full textSouthern African grasslands with a rich flora, shaped by fire, grazing, climate and geology, as well as playing a role in carbon sequestration, are becoming more important in conservation. Fire is often used as a management tool to improve vegetation and to protect property against uncontrolled fire. We therefore attempt to determine the effect consecutive burning has on vegetation. Paired plots along firebreaks were used to collect vegetation data using the Braun-Blanquet cover abundance scale. Soil samples were also collected to determine the impact of fire on below-ground nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) stocks and ratios. The results indicate that there is no difference between the plant communities of the firebreaks and the adjacent grassland; however, there are certain species that are favoured by firebreaks and others by the adjacent grassland. There is also no difference in diversity between the firebreaks and adjacent grassland areas. Carbon and nitrogen stocks as well as C:N ratios did not differ significantly between the firebreaks and the adjacent grassland plots although trends indicate a decline in both C and N with repeated burning.Publisher's versio