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Arms, armour and siege-craft of the Graeco-Roman world between 2000 BC and 200 AD: the use and translation of terminology
No full textThe purpose and aim of this study is to identify translations of Greek and Latin words for weapons, armour, siege engines and naval warfare from the Graeco-Roman world between the the years 2000 BC and 200 AD and to determine whether or not these translations do justice to their meaning. In cases where existing translations are not adequate, new translations are developed. The methodology applied both for determining the accuracy of existing translations and searching for new translations is to compare the semantics, etymology and context of words with their archaeological, historical and technological background. The study will also illustrate how these disciplines can be mutually beneficial to each other. Questions such as “what did these arms/war machines look like?”, “for what function was it designed?”, “what context and clues did ancient writers provide?” and “what clues do the origins of the words that represent these weapons, armour and war machines provide?” are raised. These questions give rise to an equally important question: “How can the appearance and/or function of specific arms, armour or war machines be put into words that can still be read smoothly in translated literature and texts?”. This study attempts to answer these questions as best it can and to indicate where further study is necessary to answer the unanswered questions
A framework for implementing and sustaining a curricular innovation in a midwifery programme in Lesotho
No full textBackground: In 2010, the government of Lesotho promulgated the adoption of competency-based education for all nursing and midwifery programmes. A competency-based curriculum underpinned by a constructivist philosophy was developed for the one-year post-basic midwifery programme, and implemented for the first time in 2014. Disparities in the enactment of the curriculum, including challenges
associated with the implementation of the new curriculum, were observed after two years of continuous implementation. Such disparities and challenges threatened the sustainability of the entire midwifery programme in Lesotho. Purpose: This study sought to develop a framework to implement and sustain the
curricular innovation in the midwifery programme in Lesotho. Methods: Multiple methods research informed by the theory-of-change logic model guided the development of the framework through a multi-phased approach. The initial phase synthesised literature on strategies to sustain curricular innovations in higher education through an integrative review. The second phase of the research described the implementation of the new curriculum through engaging with primary stakeholders from all nursing education institutions in Lesotho. In the final phase, findings of the preceding phases were used to develop the framework, which was validated by primary implementers of the new curriculum. Results: The outcome of this research provided a framework for implementing and sustaining a curricular innovation in a midwifery programme in Lesotho. Conclusion: Lesotho battles with perennially high maternal and neonatal mortality indicators, partly associated with the training of midwives. Competency-based
education promises to improve the quality of midwives graduating from nursing education institutions. The promise of competency-based education may not be realised in Lesotho, as challenges during the implementation of the new curriculum are evident and threaten the sustainability of the entire programme. We propose a framework, based on the contextual realities in Lesotho that could support the implementation and sustainability of the new curriculum in midwifery, further sustaining the entire programme
Match statistics that discriminate between winning and losing teams in ODI and T20I cricket
Get PDFBackground
Cricket players and teams have a different strategy for batting for the different
formats of cricket, namely Twenty-Twenty International (T20I) and One Day
International (ODI). Different application of skills is required for each format of cricket
can clearly be seen as mostly a different team is selected for each format of the
game in professional cricket. Analysis of performance variables such as boundaries
hit by batsmen and runs scored during the power play can be used to predict future
success or failure of a cricket team based on the match outcome. This study will
provide batting statistics that discriminate between winning and losing teams in ODI
and T20I cricket. Furthermore, the study will reveal which variables correlate the
highest with successful performance within the different formats of the game.
Aims
The aim of this study was twofold, firstly to analyse batting data in ODI cricket that
discriminate between winning and losing teams. Secondly to analyse batting data in
T20I cricket that discriminate between winning and losing teams.
Method
Sample
Ten international teams were selected for the purpose of this study. The ten teams
were selected because they all participate in all three formats of cricket namely ODI,
T20I, and test cricket. Six matches from each team’s records were randomly
selected and observed (3 batting first, 3 batting second). The first aim consisted of
conducting analysis of a total of 60 professional ODI cricket matches resulting in 120
records (innings) (both teams involved per match). The second aim consisted of
conducting analysis of a total of 60 professional T20I cricket matches resulting in 120
records (both teams involved per match). Drawn matches, and those which
employed the Duckworth-Lewis method, were excluded from the study.
Measuring instruments
Retrospective data from the 2014 and 2015 international cricket season was
collected from ESPN Cricinfo website.
Data analysis
In this research, a strong and reliable data source is needed which was found in
Statsguru. Statsguru is ESPN Cricinfo's cricket statistics maintenance database. The
data was then analyzed using the SAS statistical software (SAS, 2013).
Because of the fundamentally different match situation faced by the team batting first
and second, respectively, the data were analysed separately for the team batting first
and for the team batting second. The outcome of the match is a binary variable
(win/lose) since drawn matches were excluded from the analysis. The association of
the potential predictor variables with the match outcome was analyzed using
univariate logistic regression, fitting each predictor variable, one at a time. The
statistical significance of each predictor variable was tested using an exact test
(exact conditional logistic regression); the exact P-value is reported. The analysis
was carried out using SAS procedure LOGISTIC (see SAS, 2013).
Results
For aim 1 the significant predictors of winning an ODI cricket match when batting first
were: runs scored in the first 20 overs (p=0.0019), runs scored in the last 12 overs
(p=0.0004), sixes scored (p=0.0017), and the number of runs scored among the top
four batsmen (p=0.0015); For aim 1 the significant predictors of winning an ODI
cricket match when batting second were: fours scored (p=0.0024), sixes scored
(p=0.00277), runs scored between the top order batsmen (p=0.0197), and runs
scored between the lower order batsmen (p=0.0222). Variables that predict success
in ODI cricket differed for teams batting first and second, respectively. For aim 2
significant predictors of winning a T20I cricket match when batting first were: runs
scored in the first 5 overs (p=0.0035), runs scored in the last 7 overs (p=<0.0001)
VAN DER SPUY, Johannes Petrus Inventory of documents
No full textCOVERAGE 1960-1993; 131 Files; 1,80 Metres.
AUDIO CASSETTES IN ARCA COLLECTION = 8Private papers of J.P. van der Spuy, National Party MP Westdene [1961-1966], Johannesburg West [1966-167], Minister of Education [1969-1976], Social Welfare and Pensions [1973-1978], Post and Telecommunication [1976-1978]
Ecofeminism and an ethic of care: developing an eco-jurisprudence
No full textThis article looks into the damaging effect of the disintegrated relationship between humanity and nature. The current relationship we have with nature is hierarchal and fragmented because it is rooted in a culture of separation created by a ‘masculine’ modernity. The patriarchal values of rationality and power have othered the natural environment and women. In order to prevent irreparable ecological destruction, we need
to change the relationship between humanity and nature to one that is ecologically responsive. I examine how ecofeminist literature enables us to challenge the hierarchical structure created by dualisms thereby uprooting the current patriarchal oppressive system. It reveals how an ethic of care approach can transcend the modern patriarchal structures that have promoted dominion over nature and contextually and narratively recreate the human and nature relationship. The value of this research lies in the fact that central to an ethic of care is the respect and care for all earthly beings, an ethic which listens to, and is responsive to the diversity of all ‘environmental voices’.Publisher's versio
Nutritional status and the use of child support grant among children, 6 to 23 months, visiting 3 local clinics in the Dihlabeng Local Area, Thabo Mofutsanyana District, Free State
No full textEnglish: South Africa, a country that produces enough food for its population, loses 63.5% of children yearly due to malnutrition. Although South Africa produces imports and retains sufficient food to support a nutritionally balanced per capita dietary intake for its population, malnutrition, closely linked to poverty and household food insecurity, remains unacceptably high. In South Africa, one of the nine provinces, namely the Free State Province, 43.8% of children under five years of age, suffered from stunting, a chronic form of malnutrition. The Dihlabeng Local Area where the research was conducted, is situated within the Thabo Mofutsanyana District, in the Free State province. Despite the implementation of the Child Support Grant (CSG) in 1998 to minimise food insecurity and prevent malnutrition amongst children, approximately 14 million people in South Africa are still affected by food insecurity, with the majority being black South African citizens residing in rural areas. Malnutrition, particularly during the first 1 000 days of life, causes poor cognitive development, higher susceptibility to infections, poor health, decreased completed school grades and future unemployment, all of which are carried into adulthood. The validity of the South African CSG, thus, whether it is enough to meet basic needs and if is being used for children’s needs and food, remain of concern. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status and the use of CSG amongst children, 6 to 23 months, visiting 3 local clinics in the Dihlabeng Local area, Thabo Mofutsanyana District, Free State. A descriptive observational quantitative study using convenience sampling, was conducted from September 2016 to November 2016. Data were collected from a sample size of 242 consenting children, aged six to 23 months, who attended these clinics with their primary caregiver. Sample size were calculated per clinic and distributed as follows: 97 participants from Mphohadi Clinic, 72 participants from Bohlokong Clinic and 73 participants from Bethlehem Clinic. Data with regards to socio-demographic status, household food security, dietary intake and spending patterns of the CSG, were collected via questionnaire administered in structured interviews with the primary caregiver and the anthropometry of the children were measured. The participants were black South Africans (100%) and almost equally distributed between
males and females, all of whom were CSG recipients. There were 17 participants who were
cared for by non-biological parent-caregivers and 225 were cared for by their biological
parents. Two thirds (65.7%) of participants resided in brick housing, but one in three (31.4%)
infants were being raised in informal, corrugated iron houses (shacks), whilst 14% of
households were overcrowded.
All households, in which participants resided, had access to safe running water and electrical
cooking equipment were available to 85.1%, whilst 2.9% had to use an open fire to cook.
Overall, 16.1% did not have access to cold storage and despite the bare minimum in terms of
housing and household facilities, there was a high uptake of electronic, recreational and
communication equipment, suggesting poor planning and lack of prioritising, as well as high
debt occurrence, because cellular telephones and satellite television, requires monthly repayments
for the service. Thus, leaving limited money left for food procurement. The highest
completed educational levels were mainly primary school, with high unemployment rates
amongst the biological parent-caregivers (75.5%) as well as the non-biological parentcaregivers
(64.7%).
In 15.7% of households the participant’s CSG was the only income. Household food insecurity
was experienced by 48.7% of the households and 27.7% were at risk of becoming food
insecure. This helps to explain the fact that only 7.9% of participants had adequate dietary
diversity scores, whilst only 4.5% achieved the minimum acceptable dietary intake. Most
participants had a daily diet of mainly starch and dairy, with limited proteins, vitamins and
minerals. This sheds light on the fact that 33.1% was stunted, 3.3% wasted and 6.3%
overweight.
The CSG was reportedly spent on the children alone (almost 100%), yet 14.5% caregivers
reported the CSG was too little to supply in needs of the entire households. Food ranked only
fourth amongst the basic needs of the child on which the CSG was reportedly being spent.
The results of the current study indicate the urgent need to establish a more effective type of
CSG, whether cash, food parcels, vouchers or a combination, supplied to infants growing up
in at-risk household to curb the high prevalence of malnutrition with its detrimental longterm
consequences in this community and in South Africa as a whole.Afrikaans: Suid-Afrika, 'n land wat genoeg kos vir sy bevolking produseer, verloor jaarliks 63.5% kinders
as gevolg van wandvoeding. Suid-Afrika produseer en voer voldoende hoeveelhede voedsel
in om ‘n voedingstofryke dieetinname te verseker, maar wanvoeding statistieke, wat verband
hou met armoede en huishoudelike voedselsekerheid, onaanvaarbaar bly steeds hoog. In die
Vrystaat Provinsie, een van die nege provinsies in Suid-Afrika, ly 43.8% kinders onder vyf jaar
aan groei-inkorting, ‘n kroniese vorm van wanvoeding. Die Dihlabeng Plaaslike Area waar die
studie uitgevoer is, is geleë in die Thabo Mofutsanyana Distrik, in die Vrystaat Provinsie.
Ten spyte die implementering van die Kindersorgtoelaag in 1998 met die doel om
voedselsonsekerheid te verminder en wanvoeding te voorkom, is daar steeds 14 miljoen Suid-
Afrikaners (meestal swart bevolkingsgroepe in landelike gebiede) wat deur
voedselonsekerheid geraak word. Wanvoeding in die eerste 1 000 dae van lewe, veroorsaak
verswakte kognitiewe ontwikkeling, verhoogde vatbaarheid vir infeksies, laer voltooide skool
grade en toekomstige werkloosheid; wat alles deurtrek na die volwasse lewe. Die geldigheid
van die Suid-Afrikaanse Kindersorg toelaag en of dit genoeg is om in die basiese behoeftes
van kinders te voorsien en wel daarvoor gebruik word, bly rede tot kommer.
Die doel van hierdie studie was om die voedingstatus en die gebruik van die Kindersorg
toelaag van kinders ses tot 23 maande, wat drie plaaslike klinieke in die Dihlabeng Plaaslike
Area, Thabo Mofutsanyana Distrik, Vrystaat, besoek, te ondersoek.
‘n Beskrywende kwantitatiewe studie met geriefs steekproefneming, is uitgevoer by drie
plaaslike klinieke, vanaf Septebmer 2016 tot November 2016. Inligting van 242 kinders ses
tot 23 maande oud, is ingesamel. Die aantal kinders wat ingesluit is in die studie, is bereken
per kliniek: 97 kinders was van Mphohadi Kliniek, 72 van Bohlokong Kliniek en 73 van
Bethlehem Kliniek. Inligting met betrekking tot die kinders se sosio-demografiese status,
huishoudelike voedselsekerheid, dieetinname en gebruik van die Kindersorgtoelaag, is
ingesamel met vraelyste wat in persoonlike gestruktureerde onderhoude met die versorgers
ingevul is. Groeiparameters os op die kinders gemeet.
Die kinders was almal swart Suid-Afrikaners, ongeveer ewe veel uit beide gelagte en almal ses
tot 23 maande oud. Al die kinders het die Kindersorg toelaag ontvanfg Altesaam 17 kinders
is deur nie-biologiese ouer-versorgers, en 225 deur hul biologiese ouers. Twee-derdes
(65.7%) van die kinders was woonagtig in baksteen behuising, maar een uit elke drie (31.4%)
het in informele, sink huisies grootgeword. Ongveer 14% van huishoudings was oorbevolk.
Veilige watertoevoer was by meeste huise beskikbaar en elektriese kooktoerusting by 85.1%,
terwyl 2.9% gebruik moes maak van ‘n oop vuur om kos te kook. Ongeveer 16% van die
huishoudings het geen ys- of vrieskasgeriewe gehad nie, maar almal het wel elektroniese
onstpannings- en kommunikasietoerusting gehad. Dit dui moontlik op swak beplanning en
swak prioriteite, omdat sellulêre telefone en satelliet-TV, maandelikse subskripsiefooie
behels, wat minder geld vir voedsel beteken.
Die meeste versorgers het net primêre skool voltooi, en werkloosheid wat 75.5% onder die
biologiese ouers en 64.7% onder nie-biologiese ouers-versorgers was.
Kindersorgtoelaes was vir 15.7% van die huishoudings die enigste bron van inkomste.
Huishoudelike voedselonsekerheid het voorgekom in 48.7% van die huishoudings en 27.7%
het die risiko geloop om voedselonsekerheid te ervaar. Net 7.9% van die kinders in die studie
het ‘n diverse diëetinname gehad en net ʼn skamele 4.5% het ‘n minimum aanvaarbare dieet
nname gehad. Die meeste kinders se daaglikse dieet het uit stysel en suiwelprodukte bestaan,
met ‘n beperkte inname van proteïene, vitamiene en minerale. altesaam 33.1% van die
kinders het groei-inkorting gehad, 3.3% wat uitgeteer en 13.2% was oorgewig.
Die versorgers het aangedui dat die Kindersorgtoelaag slegs vir die kinders aangewend word,
maar 14.5% het gesê dit is heeltemal te min vir die behoeftes van die hele huishouding is. Die
Kindersorgtoelaag is gebruik vir basiese behoeftes van die kinders en vir kos, alhoewel kos
slegs vierde op die lys van uitgawes uit die toelaag was.
Die resultate van hierdie studie beklemtoon die dringendheid van ‘n meer voldoene tipe
Kindersorgtoelaag, hetsy kontant, kospakkies, koeponne, of ‘n kombinasie daarvan, wat aan
hoë riksiko huishoudings verskaf word, om die voorkoms van wanvoeding onder kinders en
die langtermyn nagevolge in die gemeenstakp en in Suid-Afrika as ‘n geheel, aan te spreek
VAN RENSBURG, Matthys Cornelis Grové Janse [Basie] Inventory of documents
No full textCOVERAGE 1910-1970; 706 Files; 30,33 Metres.
AUDIO CASSETTES IN ARCA COLLECTION = 5Private papers of M.C.G.J. van Rensburg, National Party MPC Bloemfontein South [1949-1953], MP Bloemfontein East [1953-1970], Leader of the NP in the OFS [1968-1970], Deputy Minister for Transport [1966-1968], Minister Posts and Telegraphs [1968-1970
Lecturers' perceptions and experiences of open educational resources in teaching and learning
No full textEnglish: Teaching and learning in the 21st century has undergone changes that have been brought about by a number of innovative tools. Information Communication Technology (ICT), for example, has assisted in many ways to enhance teaching and learning by allowing for the integration of Open Educational Resources (OERs). Although the concept of OERs was coined in 2002, there are different views on why such educational resources have not been widely embraced as the solution to the lack of free, copyright free, relevant and high-quality educational resources in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs).
On the one hand, these mixed views with regard to the integration of OERs in teaching and learning in HEIs are coming from the lecturers who are sceptical and do not trust that such educational resources may have an impact on their daily activities. On the other hand, the long-held belief pertaining to the superiority complex of the copyrighted educational resources in comparison to the freely available OERs continues to be a bone of contention in a number of HEIs. The uneasiness surrounding the abandonment of traditional ways and the difficulty of embracing change are also contributing factors that emerge from every discussion on the integration of OERs in teaching and learning.
This study sought to gather the perceptions and experiences of some lecturers from the University of the Free State (UFS) with regard to the integration of OERs in teaching and learning.
The study is informed by an interpretivist paradigm that falls within discursive qualitative research. It is also centred on the Knowledge Management (KM) processes model that consists of knowledge discovery, knowledge capture, knowledge sharing and knowledge application (Becerra-Fernandez & Sabherwal 2010:56).
The investigation consisted of semi-structured interviews conducted with eighteen selected lecturers who met the specified criteria. The findings from this case study indicate that there is still a lack of awareness among lecturers on what OERs are or how they can be integrated into teaching and learning. There is also evidence of the sporadic usage of OER principles by lecturers in their daily teaching and learning activities. Many of the lecturers who responded showed a willingness to participate in initiatives that would lead to the development, promotion and implementation of OERs in teaching and learning at the UFS. The KM processes model has also revealed that, although not inadvertently, lecturers acknowledge and can identify, at various levels, with the 5Rs principles of OERs. The poor presence of the KM processes is an indication that OERs need to be properly introduced to solidify their usage and integration in teaching and learning at the UFS.Afrikaans: In die 21ste eeu het onderrig en leer veranderinge ondergaan wat veroorsaak is deur ’n aantal innoverende instrumente. Inligtingskommunikasietegnologie (IKT), byvoorbeeld, het in baie opsigte bygedra tot die verbetering van onderrig en leer deur ruimte te maak vir die integrasie van Ope Opvoedkundige Hulpbronne (OOH). Alhoewel die konsep van OOH in 2002 geskep is, is daar verskillende beskouings oor waarom sulke opvoedkundige hulpbronne nie wyd aanvaar is as die oplossing tot die gebrek aan gratis, kopieregvrye, relevante en hoëgehalte opvoedkundige hulpbronne in hoëronderwysinstellings (HOI’s) nie.
Aan die een kant word hierdie gemengde beskouings ten opsigte van die integrasie van OOH met onderrig en leer in HOI’s geopper deur die dosente, wat skepties is en wat nie vertrou dat sulke opvoedkundige hulpbronne ’n impak op hul daaglikse aktiwiteite kan hê nie. Aan die ander kant bly die langdurige opvatting ten opsigte van die meerderwaardigheidskompleks van onderwyshulpbronne met kopiereg in vergelyking met gratis OOH ’n twisappel binne ’n aantal HOI’s. Die ongemak wat heers rondom die agterlating van tradisionele metodes en die uitdaging van verandering is ook bydraende faktore wat voortspruit uit elke bespreking van die integrasie van OOH in onderrig en leer.
Hierdie studie het onderneem om die persepsies en ervarings van enkele dosente aan die Universiteit van die Vrystaat (UV) ten opsigte van die integrasie van OOH in onderrig en leer, op te teken.
Die studie word besiel deur ’n interpretivistiese paradigma wat binne diskursiewe kwalitatiewe navorsing val. Dit is gesentreerd rondom die prosessemodel van kennisbestuur (KB), wat bestaan uit kennisontdekking, kennisvaslegging, kennisdeel en kennistoepassing (Becerra-Fernandez & Sabherwal 2010:56).
Die ondersoek het bestaan uit semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude, wat gevoer is met agtien geselekteerde dosente wat aan die gespesifiseerde kriteria voldoen het. Die bevindings uit hierdie gevallestudie dui aan dat daar steeds ’n gebrek aan bewustheid onder dosente bestaan oor wat OOH is of hoe dit in onderrig en leer geïntegreer kan word. Daar is ook bewyse van die sporadiese gebruik van OOH-beginsels deur dosente in hul daaglikse onderrig- en leeraktiwiteite. Baie van die dosente wat geantwoord het, was gewillig om deel te neem aan inisiatiewe wat sou lei tot die ontwikkeling, bevordering en implementering van OOH in onderrig en leer aan die UV. Die prosessemodel van KB het ook onthul, alhoewel nie onbedoeld nie, dat dosente in staat is om, op verskeie vlakke, die 5R-beginsels van OOH te identifiseer en te erken. Die swak teenwoordigheid van die KB-prosesse is ’n aanduiding dat OOH deeglik voorgestel moet word om hul gebruik en integrasie in onderrig en leer aan die UV vas te lê
ARNDT, J Inventory of documents
No full textCOVERAGE 7 pamphlets; 0.10 metreDirector of Land and Agriculture Bank (1962-1973); Chairperson of the Decimal Council (1959-1963); Author of language publications about banking and financ
VAN DEN BERG, J.J. Inventory of documents
No full textCOVERAGE 1953-1974; 14 Files; 0,33 Metre.Private papers of J.J. van den Berg, National Party MPC, Primrose