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VAN RENSBURG, Josephus Janse [Seef] Inventory of documents
No full textCOVERAGE 1899-1959; 6 Files; 0,44 Metre.Private papers of J.J. van Rensburg , MPC Bloemfontein North [1910-1924]; National Party MP Boshof [1924-1938]; Senator [1938-1959
FAURIE, Wessel Hendrik Inventory of documents
No full textCOVERAGE 1948; 1 File; 0,22 Metre.Private papers of W.H. Faurie, National Party MP Barberton [1948-1958], Nelspruit [1958-1965], Senator [1965-1970]
BRINK, Cyril Daniël Inventory of documents
No full textCOVERAGE 6 Files; 0.11 metrePrivate papers of C.D. Brink, medical doctor [1930-1964
WESSELS, G. Inventory of documents
No full textCOVERAGE: 1931-1943; 0.01 metresMinutes of NP - transferred to PV 21, NP Orange Free State Collectio
To conceal or reveal?: self-censorship and explicitation in the ancient bible versions
No full textThis study explores Biblical Hebrew figures of speech and their translations in the ancient
Bible versions in Greek (the Septuagint), Syriac (the Peshitta), and Aramaic (the Targums).
The research is grounded in the methodologies of Translation Studies and linguistics —
with Translation Studies providing the theoretical basis for describing translation and
linguistics providing the theoretical basis for analysing figures of speech and their
construal by ancient translators. The research question is: how did ancient Bible translators
respond to Biblical Hebrew figures of speech, especially when those figures of speech were
used for mitigating taboo topics like blasphemy or bodily functions?
Since figurative language requires the translator to make a decision about what the
figure of speech was meant to communicate, it was hypothesised that the translators’ strategies
related to figures of speech might provide insights into their decision-making process. Figures
of speech that are used to conceal taboo topics are euphemisms, so the primary focus of analysis
was on Biblical Hebrew euphemisms and their translation. While the sociocultural importance
of taboo subjects increases the likelihood of the translator’s intervention in suppressing content
(self-censorship), this study also addressed figures of speech from neutral, or non-taboo, subject
areas in order to establish a standard of comparison for how the versions handled the implicit
meaning of figurative language when the stakes were not as high as with a sensitive topic. The
opaque meaning of figurative expressions also provides an opportunity for a translator to
intervene to make the meaning explicit to the audience (explicitation).
The major finding of the study is that while literal translation is the predominant
approach to translating figures of speech in all the ancient versions, the versions also used
figurative language to translate figures of speech from their source text far more than was
expected based on the hypothesis that the ancient versions are highly literal and rarely engage
in substitution of one figure of speech for another. This assumption that the versions did not
make significant use of idiomatic or figurative substitution was not supported by the evidence
analysed in this study. The significant number of blended (literal and figurative) renderings and
figurative renderings indicates at least some translators of the ancient versions possessed a more
sophisticated understanding of translation and were capable of varying their strategies to bring
the text closer to the natural language of their audiences, even if their default mode was to
translate literally. Further, it was found that figurative language in the area of euphemism
carried over between languages at a greater degree than anticipated. A translation that appeared to be strictly literal because it used a word from the same semantic, conceptual domain as the
source could in fact be figurative because the target language had developed the same figure of
speech through the same processes of semantic extension (i.e., metaphor or metonymy).
Overall, it was shown that the ancient translators were capable of more interpretive renderings
that reoriented Biblical Hebrew idiomatic phrases toward the expectations of the audience of
the translation. With taboo topics, there can be a wide range of acceptability norms. The varying
strategies used in the ancient versions with euphemistic figures of speech likely reflect an
awareness of what was acceptable to the target audience
The water-economy nexus of beef produced from different breeds of cattle
No full textBeef production is well documented to have a very high water footprint (WF), leading to
recommendations that consumers should eat less beef in order to decrease the pressure on the
scarce freshwater resource. Given the importance of beef production to the South African economy,
in the context of severe freshwater scarcity, it is important to understand the water-economy nexus
of beef production in order to ensure the ecological stewardship and economic prosperity of the
sector. The primary objective of this research was to analyse the WF and economic value added
(VA) of different breeds of beef cattle, produced through the same production method, with the aim
of identifying the breed with the best economic water consumption (EWC) figures in terms of beef
production. A bottom-up approach was followed to analyse the WF and economic VA for the
different links along the value chain. Seven different cattle breeds (Afrikaner, Brahman, Bonsmara,
Simbra, Angus, Simmentaler, and Limousin) were used for the analyses to determine the EWC for
each breed for an extensive cow-calf production system, a feedlot, and an abattoir, representing
the complete value chain of beef production.
The WF approach was followed to estimate the green, blue, and grey WF of each breed for every
step in the value chain in order to quantify the freshwater consumption. Economic VA, as the
difference between the total revenue and the cost of those intermediate production factors, of which
the WF was not included in the total WF of the production process, was used as the economic
indicator for every step in the value chain. The EWC of the different breeds was then expressed as
the total WF per unit of economic VA in litre/R. The EWC for a kilogram (kg) of beef for different
beef cuts was then estimated according to the value factor (VF) of each cut in relation to the total
value (TV) of the slaughtered animal. In order to treat all the breeds the same, a simulation model
was used for the extensive cow-calf enterprise that simulated the feed intake and reproduction data
of each breed according to the breed’s average performance data. The feedlot data were gathered
through an experiment whereby 35 bull calves from each breed (245 in total) were fed according to
their profit-maximising feeding period (PMFP), while the processing (slaughter and deboning) data
were collected when the fattened calves from the feedlot were slaughtered and processed.
The results show notable differences between the different breeds in terms of their WF, economic
VA, and EWC. It was interesting to note that while the Angus had the lowest overall EWC for the
whole value chain, it was not the breed with the lowest EWC for any of the individual stages in the
value chain. The Bonsmara revealed the lowest EWC in terms of the extensive cow-calf enterprise,
while the Limousin and Simmentaler exhibited the lowest EWC in terms of feedlot fattening and
abattoir processing respectively. Similar contradicting results were also found when comparing only
the WF or the economic VA of the different breeds for the whole value chain to that of the separate
links along the value chain. These contradicting results showed the benefit of a bottom-up approach
compared to a top-down approach when estimating the WF, economic VA, and EWC of beef.
The results further showed that there is a large difference in the WF of different cuts of beef, with
the high-value cuts having a much larger WF than the lower-value cuts. As such, the results show
that a consumer can decrease his/her overall WF by consuming lower-value beef cuts.
The conclusion from this research is that the calculation and reporting of the WF, economic VA,
and EWC, especially for products with more than one value chain link, is much more complicated
than a top-down analysis based on the whole value chain. By estimating only one value for each of
the abovementioned factors for the whole value chain and then making recommendations on that
value, one could easily be guilty of the fallacy of division since the recommendations may have a
negative influence on some links in the value chain. Each link in the value chain should therefore
be assessed individually to identify problem areas in the WF and economic VA context that can be
improved by recommendations for the specific value chain link. It is further important to keep the
water-economy nexus in mind and analyse the WF and economic VA in a holistic framework as
recommendations to decrease the WF of a product may lead to a less desired economic situation
and vice versa. The estimated WFs of the different beef cuts provide new knowledge and can be
used to create awareness among consumers, but even if consumers switch to cheaper beef cuts
with a lower WF, it will not help to improve the overall WF of beef. It is thus concluded that the
optimisation of production from the available freshwater sources for each link in the value chain
should be prioritised as it will decrease the overall WF of the product, increase the economic VA,
and improve the EWC.Sernick GroupWater Research Commission (WRC
A philosophical situation: democratic capitalism, the ecological crisis, and the issue of choice
No full textDemocracy is an open system, while capitalism is a gated one. Yet the dominant global political economy
is democratic capitalism. The presence of a gated capitalist core within democracy results in the political prioritisation of capitalist business as usual, thereby resisting substantive changes to the political economy because economic growth is a prerequisite of capitalism. Responses to some of the challenges facing humankind – challenges such as the ecological crisis, which has arisen in part from unrestrained economic
growth – cannot occur if economic growth dictates the democratic political agenda. Acknowledging this open-closed problem means acknowledging democratic capitalism’s incapacity to deal with some of humanity’s current challenges, such as the ecological crisis. A pressing question arises: what does one do? Arguably, if ecological decline is to be slowed or averted, choices must be made that result in ways of thinking and ways of living notably different from those systematised under democratic capitalism. The need for choices incommensurable with democratic capitalism is a sign that a philosophical situation has arisen, because, as explained by Alain Badiou, part of the role of philosophy is to confront incommensurability. In positioning democratic capitalism (and its implications for ecology) against incommensurable alternatives, a full philosophical situation arises. Permaculture is an example of an arena offering such alternatives, and an outline of an implementation of permaculture principles is provided in order to illustrate what a potential remedial candidate entails.Publisher's versio
KRIGE, Christiaan Frederick Inventory of documents
No full textCOVERAGE 1899-1915; 23 Files; 0.10 metrePrivate papers of C.F. Krige, lecturer Medical Scool, (WITS): pertaining to the history of South Africa between 1899 and 1915
Evaluating stakeholder perceptions concerning the free-roaming desert-adapted lions in the Skeleton Coast National Park in Namibia
No full textDissertation (M.E.M. (Centre for Environmental Management))--University of the Free State, 2018This study evaluated the views and possible concerns of the main stakeholders of the Skeleton Coast National Park of the presence of lions through questionnaires. Any type of human-wildlife conflict, whether from tourism activities or conflict involving local communities, threaten the existence of wildlife. The perceived conflict between fishermen and the lions of the Skeleton Coast National Park can potentially threaten the existence of this species. It is unlikely that this conflict will be totally eliminated, but measures to reduce and control it at a level where local people and visitors to the park can tolerate and co-exist with wildlife, are a necessity. Although fishermen had a higher sighting frequency of lions than any other group, they had a relatively negative perception of the presence of lions in this area. Tourists had relatively low sightings but had a relatively positive perception of the presence of these lions in the vicinity of the Uniab Delta Waterfall in the Skeleton Coast National Park. In general, one would expect the assumption to be that the more the different groups observed lions, the more positive they would be towards them, but the results of this study indicate otherwise. This is because most Tourists who visit the Park highly want to see lions as there nowhere in the world were free-ranging lions have been observed along a beach or on a sand dune. Lions are prominent features in Namibia and are highly valued for their aesthetic and financial values by the increasing tourism industries. All groups agreed that lions might injure or kill people utilising the same area and the group that regarded these lions as the most dangerous to co-exist with humans in the area were the fishermen, while the lowest were the tourists. Fishermen regarded the presence of lions in this area as a threat to their angling activities. For the purpose of creating awareness of the presence of lions in the Skeleton Coast National Park, informational material and leaflets should be developed and displayed at key tourist information centres within the park