11613 research outputs found
Sort by
RAPPORTRYERS Inventory of documents
No full textCOVERAGE 1961- ; 26.50 metre; unsorted accretionEmerged from the ranks of the Rapportryers that was involved in the inauguration of the Voortrekker Monument in 1949; Federation of Rapportryerskorpse was established in August 196
Upgrading informal settlements in South Africa: a partnership-based approach
No full textThe upgrading of informal settlements has become one of the most comprehensive, complex, controversial, capital-intensive, and often emotive developmental interventions orchestrated and funded by the South African public sector. Many initiatives, however, happen without there being meaningful collaboration between the various role players. In this publication, some of the ‘cutting-edge’ initiatives and a revisit to proven practices and debates are discussed and generously supported by case studies, experience, evidence, and appropriate examples. This is further enhanced by the collaborative effort of the diversity of authors who have managed to simplify and capture the essence of the subject matter in such a way that it can be applied in the formulation of policy.Publisher's versio
THOLE, H. Inventory of documents
No full textMPC for constituency Weenen, Natal; Member of the Grey Shirts Movement; Farmer, Greytown district; Documents pertaining to Grey Shirts Movemen
KIRSTEN, W.G.P. Inventory of documents
No full textCOVERAGE 1932-1948, 1975; 4 FilesPrivate papers of W.G.P. Kirsten, Member of the Legislative Assembly, SWA; MP, Gibeon, SWA
An analytical pre-breeding method for flavonoid screening in grapefruit
No full textThe citrus industry forms a major part of the agronomic and economic sectors of South Africa, and supports the livelihood of an estimated 1 million South Africans. The citrus industry has a long history in South Africa with the first exports of fruit dating back to 1907. Presently the South African industry consists of 120 commercial citrus varieties, of which grapefruit accounts for 11% of the total citrus orchards planted in the 2015/16 production season. Grapefruit are naturally rich in flavonoids, with naringin as the major flavonoid, best known for its distinct bitterness. Global breeding and selection programmes for new cultivars focus on increased yield, pest and disease resistance, and improved nutritional content. Citrus fruit quality is influenced by several genetic and environmental factors.
The aim of this study was to provide the pre-breeding programme of the Agricultural Research Council (ARC) with a flavonoid screening technique for grapefruit germplasm, which takes into account factors such as variety differences, as well as the fruit location within the tree canopy. The physical and chemical traits as well as the naringin and naringenin content of three grapefruit varieties (Star Ruby, Sweetheart and Marsh) grown and harvested over two seasons (2015 - 2016 and 2016 - 2017), were evaluated.
For determination of the naringin and naringenin content of the fruit juice, a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-UV/Vis method was optimised, using the Accela 600 HPLC system with an Accela UV/Vis Detector. Successful resolution and retention times were achieved using an Accucore C18 (2.3 μm particle size, 50×3 mm i.d) column at 0.818 ml min-1 flow rate, with a gradient of acetonitrile:water at a constant temperature of 25°C. The method gave acceptable linearity for both naringin and naringenin with a R2 value of 0.999 in both cases. A limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 1.77 mg 100 ml-1, 5.35 mg 100 ml-1 for naringin and 0.23 mg 100 ml-1, 0.72 mg 100 ml-1 for naringenin was obtained. The inter and intra-day repeatability was determined by injecting the standard calibration solutions six times per day over three consecutive days obtaining a relative standard deviation (RSD) (%) consistently lower than 5%.
There were significant varietal differences for fruit size, °brix, pH and naringin content due to season and canopy position. Fruit in different canopy positions varied in physical traits such as fruit mass, circumference, peel mass and segment mass. As for the chemical composition of the fruit, the northern quadrant fruit were highest in °brix content, and also had a high °brix:acid ratio. The effect of quadrant sampling on flavonoid content indicated no significant differences. The interactions between the physical and chemical traits were constant over both seasons.
This study indicated that when screening fruit in a citrus breeding programme for new or improved flavonoid traits, such as the naringin content, the sampling quadrant does not seem to have an effect, but genetic differences and climatic differences between seasons would affect the naringin content. This study demonstrated that the sampling of fruit for determining naringin/naringenin content in grapefruit can be simplified, which is beneficial for screening of a large number of possible parents with regard to naringin/naringenin content in a breeding programme.Agricultural Research Council’s Institute for Tropical and Sub Tropical Crops (ARC-TSC
Quantifying perceived risk in a small mesocarnivore, the bat-eared fox
No full textThe perceived risk of predation can induce anti-predator responses such as the spatial and
temporal avoidance of predators. However, such responses come with a level of cost that
can potentially have implications for fitness – described as ‘non-lethal effects’. While the
non-lethal effects of predators on herbivore prey are well investigated, the non-lethal impacts
of predators on mesopredators/mesocarnivores are less understood. Importantly, there is
reason to expect mesopredators’ anti-predator responses to be greater than those of
herbivores, considering that apex predators represent both predation risk and competition. In
this thesis, the effects of temporal, spatial, social and anthropogenic factors on the perceived
risk of a small mesopredator, the bat-eared fox (Otocyon megalotis), were explored using
both experimental and observational approaches. The anti-predator behaviours of this
species are virtually undescribed and as large predators, e.g. lions (Panthera leo) and
spotted hyaenas (Crocuta crocuta), were historically extirpated from the area, it was unclear
if anti-predator responses would have disappeared, or still remain. Using giving-up-density
(GUD) experiments, I demonstrated that bat-eared foxes experience greater perceived risk
in dark conditions and lower perceived risk in the presence of humans. Vigilance, however,
did not appear to vary with these same factors, suggesting that GUDs are capable of
detecting more subtle differences in perceived risk. Furthermore, by evaluating how bateared
foxes use high-cost vigilance (which interrupts other activities) and low-cost vigilance
(which occurs simultaneously with other activities), I demonstrated that fox vigilance
behaviour is dynamic. Vigilance was generally focused towards that of low-cost, with the
occasional use of high-cost vigilance under certain conditions. High-cost vigilance increased
with vegetation height, in the presence of adult conspecifics, and in winter. These effects
were most likely due to impeded lines of sight, higher levels of competition, and increased
social interactions respectively. My results suggest that in areas of low predation risk, mesopredators retain responses to certain cues of risk, but adapt behaviours to reduce the
associated costs, allowing more time to be allocated to other activities. Finally, I determine
that personality and plasticity was evident in this population of bat-eared foxes, varying
across lunar illumination, wind speed, and temperature. Interestingly, these patterns were
only distinct when vigilance was classified as high- and low-cost, and patterns were masked
when vigilance types were combined. Individual foxes demonstrated distinct strategies when
engaged in high-cost vigilance, where duration of vigilance did not fluctuate among
individuals but rate varied significantly. Comparatively, individuals consistently differed in
both bout duration and frequency of low-cost vigilance. I propose that the area’s low
predation pressure is unlikely to constrain individual variation in behaviours. Thus, individual
differences in high-cost vigilance may also be adaptive – in contrast to the ecological
hypothesis of Favreau et al. (2014), whereby individuals that experience similar ecological
conditions behave in a similar manner. Until this study, personality and plasticity in different
types of vigilance behaviours has never been demonstrated in mesopredators. Ultimately,
my research highlights that when predation pressure is extremely low, it is premature to
assume that anti-predator behaviours have been lost. Anti-predator behaviours may still
persist, and vary with spatiotemporal changes, in the presence of conspecifics, and amongst
individuals. Future research on mesopredator responses to perceived risk should consider
investigating different types of vigilance behaviour, as well as the inclusion of individual
differences. Combining vigilance types may mask biologically salient differences in
personality and plasticity, and distinct behavioural patterns may be undetectable without the
consideration of individual variation. Importantly, these differences may be crucial in
revealing information on the ecological constraints placed on populations.
Key terms: Giving up densities, Habituated foxes, High-cost vigilance, Individual variation,
Low-cost vigilance, Observer effects, Otocyon megalotis, Spatiotemporal effects
Empowerment model for people with disabilities participating in income generating activities: a case of a protective workshop in Bloemfontein
No full textThesis (Ph.D.(Consumer Science))--University of the Free State, 2018South Africa has 7,5% of people living with a disability. As a result, they experience difficulty in accessing education and employment opportunities. This high level of unemployment consequently results in people with disabilities working in sheltered employment which are offered by the State or by private welfare organisations and self- help programmes that are not sustainable in themselves. The aim of the study was to design an empowerment model that can enhance the participation of people with disabilities in income-generating activities. To achieve this aim, the study explored the experiences and perceptions of people with disabilities working in a protective workshop towards income-generating activities. The researcher used a qualitative approach to explore the experiences of people with disabilities participating in income-generating activities in one of the protective workshops in Bloemfontein. A total of 18 participants were recruited, using a purposive sampling approach. Both observations and semi- structured interview guides were used to generate more in‐depth interpretations from the participants.
The content analysis which is based on turning the observations and data from the interviews into themes that can be used to gain insight into participants were applied. Findings indicated that the participants were involved in most popular informal income- generating activities such as beading, knitting, tapestry and sewing and that the majority had not attained adequate education and training to enable them to participate effectively in income-generating activities. Findings also indicated that the participants were mainly faced with attitudinal and institutional barriers, which have had an adverse influence on their performance. Despite the challenges that the participants were experiencing, the findings suggest that the participants also benefited in various ways from their involvement in the workshop. It is concluded that despite government schemes and programmes people with disabilities participating in still experience institutional, attitudinal and physical barriers as viewed by the social model. The main recommendations are that education and training to empower people with disabilities should start from pre-school to adulthood as it will raise perfection which will enhance effective task performance in the future as well as provision of more training programs and workshops that will empower people with various disabilities with vocational and life skills.
People with disabilities participating in income-generating activities empowerment model could enhance the skills of people with disabilities.
___________________________________________________________________Suid-Afrika het 7,5% van sy mense wat met 'n gestremdheid saamleef. Gevolglik ondervind hulle probleme met toegang tot onderwys en werksgeleenthede. Hierdie hoë vlak van werkloosheid lei gevolglik daartoe dat mense met gestremdhede in ’n beskermende werksomgewing werk wat deur die Staat of deur private welsynsorganisasies en selfhelpprogramme aangebied word maar opsigself nie volhoubaar is nie. Die doel van die studie was om 'n bemagtigingsmodel te ontwerp wat die deelname van mense met gestremdhede aan inkomstegenererende aktiwiteite kan verbeter. Om hierdie doel te bereik, het die studie die ervarings en persepsies van mense met gestremdhede ondersoek wat in 'n beskermende werkswinkel vir inkomstegenererende aktiwiteite werk. Die navorser het 'n kwalitatiewe benadering gebruik om die ervarings van mense met gestremdhede wat aan inkomstegenererende aktiwiteite in een van die beskermende werkswinkels in Bloemfontein deelneem, te verken. Altesaam 18 deelnemers is gewerf deur 'n doelgerigte steekproefbenadering te gebruik. Beide waarnemings en semigestruktureerde onderhoudsgidse is gebruik om meer in-diepte interpretasies van die deelnemers te genereer. Die inhoudsanalise wat gebaseer is op die omskakeling van die waarnemings en data uit die onderhoude in temas wat gebruik kan word om insig in deelnemers te verkry, is toegepas.
Bevindinge het aangedui dat die deelnemers betrokke was by die gewildste informele inkomstegenererende aktiwiteite soos kralewerk, brei, tapisserie en naaldwerk en dat die meerderheid nie voldoende onderwys en opleiding verwerf het om hulle in staat te stel om doeltreffend aan inkomstegenererende aktiwiteite deel te neem nie. Bevindinge het ook aangedui dat die deelnemers hoofsaaklik te kampe gehad het met houdings- en institusionele hindernisse, wat 'n nadelige invloed op hul prestasie gehad het. Ten spyte van die uitdagings wat die deelnemers ervaar het, dui die bevindinge daarop dat die deelnemers ook op verskeie maniere by hul betrokkenheid by die werkswinkel baat gevind het. Daar word tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat ten spyte van regeringskemas en –programme, deelnemende mense met gestremdhede steeds institusionele, houdings- en fisieke hindernisse ervaar soos deur die sosiale model beskou. Die belangrikste aanbevelings is dat onderwys en opleiding om mense met gestremdhede te bemagtig, van voorskool tot volwassenheid moet strek, aangesien dit volmaaktheid sal verhoog wat effektiewe taakverrigting in die toekoms sal verbeter, asook die voorsiening van meer opleidingsprogramme en werkswinkels wat mense met verskeie gestremdhede met beroeps- en lewensvaardighede sal bemagtig. Mense met gestremdhede wat deelneem aan die bemagtigingsmodel vir inkomstegenererende aktiwiteite kan die vaardighede van mense met gestremdhede verbeter.
___________________________________________________________________Afrika Borwa e na le 7.5% ya batho ba phelang e le dikowa, empa ba thulana le mathata a ho fuwa menyetla ya thuto le mesebetsi. Tlhokahalo e phahameng ya mesebetsi e susumetsa hore batho ba nang le bokowa ba sebetse mesebetsi eo e seng ya boleng bo phahameng e fanwang ke mmuso kapa boramesebetsi ba ikemetseng ba lefapha la tlhokomelo ya setjhaba empa mesebetsi e jwalo ke ya nakwana. Sepheo sa diphuputso tsena ke ho fumana mokgwa wa ho matlafatsa menyetla ya ho hodisa le ho ba le seabo ha dikowa ho hodisa moruo. Ho fihlela sena, diphuputso di sibolotse tseo batho ba fetileng ho tsona le tseo ba di boneng e le tsa dikowa di sebeletsa moo ho sireleditsweng hore di eketse tjhelete. Mofuputsi o sebedisitse mokgwa wa bohlalosi ho sibolla dintho tseo dikowa di fetileng ho tsona diabong tsa bona tsa ho kenya tjhelete diphuputsong tsa nakwana Bloemfontein. Batho ba leshome le metso e robedi ba ne ba kopilwe ho ba le seabo, mme ba kgethilwe ka mokgwa wa ka lebaka mothong. Mekgwa ya ho shebella le dipotso tse sekgeqe e sebedisitswe ho tataisa diphuputso tsena ho etsa motheo wa kutlwisiso e tebileng wa ho toloka ditaba ho tswa ho ba bileng le seabo. Mokgwa wa qhaqhollo le botoloki ba ditshelwa e le ho fetolela tse shebelletsweng le ditaba tse bokelletsweng ka dipotso tsa diphuputso ho di hlophisa ho ya ka mookotaba mme tsa sebediswa ho fumana se hlileng e leng kutlwisiso e tebileng e nepahetseng, le tsona di bile le seabo.
Ditshibollo di bontsha ha ba bileng le seabo ka hara diphuputso tsena ba bile le seabo ka hara dintho tse kenyang tjhelete jwaloka difaha, ho loha, ho sebedisa masale le ho roka leha e le hore boholo ba sa kena sekolo ho lekana le kwetliso ho etsa hore ba bileng le seabo ba tswelelle dietsahaleng tse etsang hore ba kenye tjhelete. Ditshibollo di bontsha ha ba bileng le seabo ba tobane le diqholotso tsa ho se ikamohele le bothata ba ditsi tse bonahalang di ba qhelela ntle le boiteko ba bona. Leha ho le jwalo, diphephetso tseo ba bileng le seabo ba kgahlaneng le tsona, ditshibollo di supa ha ba bileng le seabo ba ntse ba una melemo ka ditsela tse fapakaneng ka seabo ba bileng le sona kwetlisong e kgutshwanyane. Qeto ke hore, ntle le meralwana ya mmuso, dikowa di ntse di na le seabo ka hara ditsi, boikutlo le diphephetso tse bonwang ho latela moralo wa setjhaba.Dikgothaletso ke hore thuto le kwetliso di fe batho ba nang le bokowa matla ho tloha dikolong tsa pele ho dikolo qadiso ho isa dikolong tsa thuto e phahameng hobane ho ka thusa ho hodisa tsebo e tsweleletseng e ka hodisang ka mokgwa o molemo mesebetsi e etswang ka moso le ho bula menyetla ya dikwetliso tsa nakwana tse tla fa mefuta e fapaneng ya dikowa matla ka thuto ya dikolo tsa mosebetsi wa matsoho le ditsebo tsa bophelo. Batho ba nang le bokowa ba bileng le seabo ho etsa dintho tse kenyang tjhelete e le mokgwa wa ho intsha bofumeng o ka hodisa ditsebo tsa dikowa.
___________________________________________________________________INingizimu Afrikha inabantu abangamaphesenti ayi-7,5 abantu abaphila nokukhubazeka. Ngenxa yalokho, babhekana nobunzima ekutholeni amathuba emfundo nawomsebenzi. Leli zinga eliphezulu lokuntuleka kwemisebenzi libangela ukuthi abantu abakhubazekile basebenze emisebenzini evikelekile ehlinzekwa nguHulumeni noma izinhlangano zezenhlalakahle ezizimele kanye nezinhlelo zokuzisiza ezingagcineki ngokwazo. Inhloso yocwaningo bekuwukuklama indlela yokuthuthukisa engakhulisa ukubamba iqhaza kwabantu abakhubazekile emisebenzini engenisa imali. Ukuze kufezwe le nhloso, ucwaningo luhlole ulwazi kanye nemibono yabantu abakhubazekile abasebenza kwishabhu yokuvikela mayelana nemisebenzi engenisa imali. Umcwaningi wasebenzisa indlela yekhwalithethivu ukubheka ulwazi lwabantu abakhubazekile ababamba iqhaza emisebenzini engenisa imali kwenye yamashabhu okuvikela eBloemfontein. Kusetshenziswe ababambiqhaza abayi-18, kusetshenziswa indlela yesampula eyinhloso. Kokubili ukubheka kanye nezingxoxo ezivulelekile kwasetshenziswa ukuze kutholakale izincazelo ezijulile okuvela kubabambiqhaza. Kusetshenziswe uhlaziyo lwekhontenti olugxile ekuguquleni okubonwayo nolwazi oluthathwe ezingxoxweni lube izindikimba ezingasetshenziswa ukuze kutholakale ukuqonda kubabambiqhaza.
Okutholakele kuveze ukuthi ababambiqhaza bebezibandakanya emisebenzini engahlelekile evame kakhulu yokwenza imali, imisebenzi enjengokuluka ubuhlalu, ukunitha, ukwenza izindwangu zokuhlobisa nokuthunga nokuthi iningi belingakayitholi imfundo eyanele nokuqeqeshwa okuzobasiza ukuba babambe iqhaza ngempumelelo emisebenzini engenisa imali. Okutholakele kuphinde kwaveza ukuthi ababambiqhaza bebebhekene kakhulu nezithiyo zesimo sengqondo nesikhungo, ezibe nomthelela omubi ekusebenzeni kwabo. Naphezu kwezinselelo ababambiqhaza ababenazo, okutholakele kuveze ukuthi ababambiqhaza nabo bahlomule ngezindlela ezehlukene ekubambeni kwabo iqhaza kwishabhu. Kuphethwa ngokuthi naphezu kwezinhlelo nezinhlelo zikahulumeni abantu abakhubazekile ababamba iqhaza kuzo basahlangabezana nezithiyo zesikhungo zengqondo nezomzimba njengoba kubhekwa indlela yezenhlalo. Izincomo ezisemqoka ukuthi imfundo nokuqeqeshwa kokuthuthukisa abantu abakhubazekile kufanele kuqale kusukela enkulisa kuze kube abantu abadala njengoba kuzokhulisa ukwenzeka ngendlela enhle okuzothuthukisa ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi esikhathini esizayo kanye nokuhlinzekwa ngezinhlelo zokuqeqesha ezengeziwe nezinkundla zokucobelelana ngolwazi ezizothuthukisa abantu abaphila nokukhubazeka ngamakhono omsebenzi kanye nempilo. Abantu abakhubazekile ababamba iqhaza emisebenzini engenisa imali bangathuthukisa amakhono abantu abakhubazekile.
__________________________________________________________________
Considering spatial planning for the South African poor: an argument for ‘planning with’
No full textThis article considers the notion of ‘spatial planning’ in South Africa, elaborating on the challenges relating to the wide disparities between formal and informal areas. Town and Regional Planning theory and anthropological approaches are fused together in this article in an attempt to provide a more integrated approach to spatial planning, arguing in favour of ‘planning with’ poor South Africans, in contrast to ‘planning for’. By using qualitative participant observation, an ethnographic fieldwork study conducted in Marikana informal settlement, Potchefstroom, South Africa, helped form reflections that offer valuable insights in support of the ‘planning with’ approach. Marikana residents’ innovative DIY-formalisation plan of installing communal taps is considered a vivid example of pragmatic local solutions to service-delivery issues and it is argued that these solutions should be considered when ‘planning with’ the poor. The research argues that, despite being different in context, ‘planning with’ approaches have a prominent role to play in both formal and informal settlements. As such, the research elaborated on the value of ‘planning with’ approaches in South Africa, relating to environmental, social, economic, political and broader planning considerations. The article does not offer a generalizable solution to all planning challenges in South Africa. It concludes with a reflection of the ethnographic fieldwork conducted in the case study linked to broader themes of the possible planning interventions, considering the delineation of social power, context-based needs, ownership and accountability, and the importance of environmental education for all socio-economic classes, in an attempt to inspire planners, policymakers and anthropologists to find new ways of ‘thinking with’ and ‘planning with’ each other.Publisher's versio
Development governance in West Africa: the way forward in the 21st century
No full textThe thesis provides a comparative analysis of governance and development in West Africa
and South Asia.
It examines Nigeria specifically to find answers and scientific understanding to grasp how
the country, with its abundant human, natural and mineral resources, could still be wallowing
in poverty and remain in a state of underdevelopment in the 21st century.
It provides the nexus between good governance and development and draws an example
from the Southeast Asian economic ‘miracle’, a sub-region similar to West Africa in terms of
political, economic and socio-cultural development post-independence in the 1960s.
This is in order to deduce a way to propose a sustainable good governance structure and
function, on an implementation strategy towards the achievement of sustainable
development in Nigeria.
This, in turn, will serve as a pacesetter for the whole of West Africa, which can be proffered
as a model or guide towards achieving sustainable development in the sub-region
KOTZé, CR Inventory of documents
No full textCOVERAGE Publications; 13.00 metreMinister of the Dutch Reformed Church in several congregations, founder member of the Ossewa Brandwag Movement; Various publication