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Preparing student teachers for teaching in rural schools using work integrated learning
No full textThis paper focuses on the preparation of student teachers for teaching in rural schools using Work
Integrated Learning (WIL). Generally, teachers are not prepared to teach in rural schools and those that
are currently working there want to leave. Amongst other recruitment strategies for rural teaching, South
Africa uses the Funza Lushaka bursary scheme for student teachers to work in rural schools after obtaining
qualifications, and a rural school allowance for teachers already working there. This paper reports on
the findings of 10 student teachers placed in two rural schools for WIL, two rural school teachers, the
Teaching Practice (TP) officer and the Subject Advisor for rural schools. Participatory Action Research
(PAR) was used as a methodology to allow participants to be co-researchers in generating data. Meeting
discussions were conducted to get experience of rural teaching and data were analysed and interpreted
through the use of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The findings are that many teachers are not trained
for rural teaching during their study, and that there is no collaboration between the rural schools and
Teacher Education Institution (TEI). The paper recommends collaboration between TEIs and rural schools
and collaboration between the Department of Higher Education and the Department of Basic Education
for teacher training programmes.Publisher's versio
Integrated curriculum in Lesotho: exploring primary school teachers' instructional and assessment practices
No full textThe risk of eroding quality in education, due to the focus on increasing enrolments in schools, has generated a wide interest in curriculum reform and learner-centeredness in education. Moreover, the realisation that education is directly linked to each country’s economic and social progression compels policy makers to pursue a policy blueprint that would transform classroom practices. However, the reforms brought by such policies hardly gain access into classrooms to change teachers’ practices. As a result, the policy-practice gap continues to exist.
Although the implementation of curriculum reform is often contentious and complex, it is necessary to attain educational targets. As such, implementation cannot simply be regarded as a mere execution of policy prescriptions, but should engage the sense- making processes of teachers as the core implementers. When a reform is as radical and ambitious as the one espoused by Lesotho’s Curriculum and Assessment Policy (CAP), it becomes essential to establish teachers’ interpretations and actual practices with respect to the new curriculum.
The purpose of this study was to explore the primary school teachers’ instructional and assessment practices in the implementation of the New Integrated Curriculum (NIC) in Lesotho.
The study presents cases of four purposively selected qualified primary school teachers from schools in one dissemination centre in Maseru where the new curriculum had been implemented since its introduction in Lesotho in 2013. The data were gathered through document analysis, interviews, and by observing teachers presenting lessons in their classroom contexts while implementing the NIC.
I employed the descriptive content analysis technique in analysing the data from their planning books, the interview transcripts, and from the observations. A combination of the sense-making theory and social cognitive theory was used to explain their understandings and practices.
Teachers developed scheme-of-work and lesson plans in a compartmentalised manner and further presented non-integrated lessons. They typically isolated instruction and assessment in planning and during the lessons. They further used teacher centred methodologies and were in control of the learning process. Additionally, they faced contextual challenges, which included lack of resources and overcrowding.
Therefore, teachers’ understanding of integration, pedagogy, and roles seemed to fall short of the prescriptions. Their practices were subsequently influenced by their limited understanding and the contextual challenges they faced. As a result, their understandings and practices were found to be unaligned with the policy prescriptions. These understandings of policy prescriptions and their subsequent implementation were attributed to contradictory policy messages, curriculum content organisation, scheme-of-work and lesson plan formats as well as the prevailing classroom situations.
Teachers were positive about the NIC. However, their efforts in addressing the policy prescriptions pertaining to instruction and assessment processes are stifled, due to conflicting demands on them, prompting them to revert to their old ways of teaching.
This study fosters awareness to the relevant stakeholders about teachers’ interpretations of the CAP prescriptions. It sheds light on teachers’ particular concerns as core agents of reform. It would further help the policymakers make decisions by reflecting on the actual instructional and assessment experiences of teachers.
This study concludes that the effective implementation of the new curriculum depends heavily on appropriate interpretation of the policy prescriptions by teachers, clarity of the curriculum guidelines and the conduciveness of the context.
I therefore recommend thorough professional development (PD) of teachers (in- service and pre-service) which focuses on integration and what it entails. I further suggest that the organisation of curriculum content should be reviewed to promote integration. The scheme and lesson plan formats should also be reviewed to break the boundary lines between the learning areas
POTGIETER, Daniël Jacobus Inventory of documents
No full textCOVERAGE 1932-1966; 51 Files; *1,40 Metres.Private papers of D.J. Potgieter, Private Secretary of Dr. D.F. Malan [1941-1943], Financial Secretary NP [1944], Secretary NP Natal [1945-1952], MPC Dundee [1949-1953], MP Vryheid [1953-1966]
Determination of the possible requirement for remediation of manganese impacted groundwater at an industrial facility in Nelspruit
No full textEnglish: A formerly operational manufacturing company, Delta E.M.D (Pty) Ltd (Delta) was, until recently, located in Mbombela (Nelspruit), Mpumalanga and produced electrolytic manganese dioxide (MnO2:EMD), an inorganic compound used for dry-cell batteries including alkaline and zinc-carbon batteries. The operational site has been subject to various site investigations between 2010 and 2015 which ultimately informed a site-wide rehabilitation and closure plan. The site has since been demolished as part of a site rehabilitation activity undertaken during 2015 and 2016.
During the course of 2014 to 2015, the author developed a site investigation strategy that utilised multiple site investigation technologies to characterise the geological, hydrogeological and contaminated groundwater situation at the site. This allowed for a site specific remediation strategy to be developed.
The site is located within an industrial area of Mbombela (Nelspruit), Mpumalanga within the Mbombela Local Municipality. To the immediate north of the site, a wide single-carriageway road is present which overlooks undeveloped bush land leading towards the Crocodile River located 200 m beyond. The local area is underlain by medium to very coarse grained granite which has been intruded by numerous basic dykes and sills. The granite is fractured and highly weathered in the upper 15 m. North-South trending geological structures are present which represent preferential pathways for groundwater flow and the migration of contaminants.
The site characterisation work undertaken involved several phases of investigation including both non-intrusive and intrusive site investigation and sampling techniques. Specifically, the investigation involved: desktop research; geophysical surveying; borehole drilling and geotechnical drilling; monitoring well construction; soil and groundwater sampling; chemical analysis, and aquifer testing. The work undertaken resulted in identification of several sources of groundwater contamination and ultimately the development of an in-situ groundwater treatment strategy.
Three hot spots of groundwater contamination were identified on site; the majority of the contamination was considered to be present within a phreatic shallow aquifer represented by a weathered horizon. The groundwater flow direction is in a northerly direction towards the Crocodile River, with a constant source of recharge being supplied by a man-made canal located along the western boundary of the site. Groundwater flow and contaminant migration towards the Crocodile River, was shown to be structurally controlled by the presence of faults and dykes.
A source-pathway-receptor (S-P-R) assessment was undertaken which confirmed an active S-P-R model scenario would result in elevated concentrations of manganese and sulphate and low pH groundwater reaching the Crocodile River, which could negatively impact surface water quality.
The information obtained and conceptual model that was developed was used to design the layout of a targeted on-site groundwater remediation system utilising the injection of lime to neutralise low pH water on site and allow for the precipitation of manganese from solution.
The study, explores, how multiple site investigation technologies can be utilised to develop targeted and site-specific remediation strategies for contaminated groundwater within a fractured rock environment.Afrikaans: 'n Voormalige operasionele maatskappy, Delta EMD (Edms) Bpk (Delta), geleë in Mbombela, Mpumalanga het tot onlangs elektrolitiese mangaandioksied (MnO2: EMD), 'n anorganiese verbinding wat gebruik word vir droë-sel batterye, insluitende alkaliese en sink-koolstof batterye, vervaardig. Die operasionele area was onderwerp aan verskeie terreinondersoeke tussen 2010 en 2015, wat uiteindelik 'n rehabilitasie- en sluitingplan vir die terrein voorgestel het. Die terrein is sedertdien gesloop as deel van die terreinrehabilitasie-aktiwiteit wat gedurende 2015 en 2016 onderneem is.
Gedurende die periode 2014 tot 2015 het die skrywer 'n terreinondersoekstrategie ontwikkel wat gebruik gemaak het van verskeie tegnologieë om die geologiese, hidrogeologiese en gekontamineerde grondwatersituasie op die terrein te karakteriseer. Dit het toegelaat dat 'n terreinspesifieke remediëringstrategie ontwikkel is.
Die terrein is geleë in 'n industriële gebied van Mbombela Plaaslike Munisipaliteit, in Mpumalanga. Daar is n wye enkelwegpad direk noord van die terrein, wat oor onontwikkelde bosveld terrein uitkyk, en wat na die Krokodilrivier, 200 m verder, lei.
Die onderliggende geologie bestaan uit medium tot baie grofkorrelrige graniet wat deur talle basiese gange en plate ingedring is. Die graniet is genaat en is tot ‘n diepte van 15 meter, hoogs verweerd. Noord-suid strekkende geologiese strukture is teenwoordig wat voorkeurverweringsones vir grondwatervloei en die migrasie van opgelosde kontaminante vorm.
Die terreinkarakteriseringswerk wat onderneem is, het uit verskeie fases bestaan, insluitende nie-indringende− en indringende terreinondersoek− en monsternemingstegnieke. Spesifiek, het die ondersoek die volgende ingesluit: literatuurstudies; geofisiese opnames; boorgat boorwerk en geotegniese boorwerk; monitering van boorgatkonstruksies; grond− en grondwater bemonstering; chemiese analise en akwifer toetsing. Die werk wat onderneem is, het gelei tot die identifisering van verskeie bronne van grondwaterbesoedeling en uiteindelik die ontwikkeling van 'n in-situ grondwaterbehandelingstrategie.
Drie bronne van grondwaterbesoedeling is op die terrein geïdentifiseer. Die meerderheid van die besoedeling is aanwesig in 'n vlak versadigde (phreatic) akwifer in 'n verweringshorison. Die grondwatervloeirigting is in 'n noordelike rigting na die Krokodilrivier toe, met 'n konstante bron van aanvulling vanaf 'n mensgemaakte kanaal langs die westelike grens van die perseel. Grondwatervloei en kontaminante-migrasie na die Krokodilrivier het getoon dat dit struktureel beheer word deur die teenwoordigheid van verskuiwings en gange. 'n Bron-Roete Reseptor (B-R-R) evaluering is uitgevoer wat bevestig het dat 'n aktiewe B-R-R model sal lei tot verhoogde konsentrasies van mangaan, en sulfaat, en ‘n verlaagde Ph van die grondwater wat die Krokodilrivier se kwaliteit as varswaterbron negatief sal beïnvloed.
Die inligting wat verkry is en die konseptuele model wat ontwikkel is, is gebruik om die uitleg van die geteikende terrein grondwater-remediëringsisteem te ontwerp deur gebruik te maak van die toevoeging van kalk om lae pH-water van die terrein te neutraliseer en die presipitasie van mangaan uit oplossing te verseker.
Hierdie studie ondersoek hoe veelvuldige terreinondersoektegnologieë gebruik kan word om geteikende en terrein-spesifieke remediëringstrategieë vir gekontamineerde grondwater binne 'n verbrokkelde, rotsagtige omgewing te ontwikkel
Dynamics of school-based management in previously disadvantaged schools in South Africa
No full textSchool-based management has become a common global trend within the educational
sphere, with institutional autonomy as the major educational reform. Post-apartheid
education reform in South Africa shows strong decentralisation inclinations in an effort
to redress past inequalities and to ensure comparable standards across all schools.
During the previous political dispensation, principals in South Africa executed their
duties with virtually sole authority within the dictatorial prescribes of the central
government. They, furthermore, were not obliged to actively involve other stakeholders,
such as educators, parents and learners, in school affairs. Decentralisation within
education reform legislation necessitates that the role of salient stakeholders of schools
be redefined to give true meaning to elements of democracy as prescribed by South
African legislation.
This research study is grounded within a theoretical framework that focuses on the
concepts, characteristics, assumptions, theories and processes of school-based
management. In addition, a qualitative research design was employed. The sample was
purposive and consisted of principals and school management team members of three
previously disadvantaged schools. A thorough study of the status of principals, deputy
principals and heads of departments was made, as this is articulated in the South
African legislation and current literature. Three principals and one head of department
participated in individual interviews, and two focus group interviews were also
conducted with deputy principals and heads of departments of two of the selected
schools. In order to confirm and validate the data that were gathered during the
interviews, a documentary analysis was performed.
Various themes and subthemes emerged from the qualitative research, which primarily
centred on the role and impact of stakeholders within a school-based management
strategy. Possible impediments relating to a previously disadvantaged context were
identified as well as how schools are managed and, in particular, the management by
principals and school management teams in these confinements. The role of other
stakeholders, such as district officials, was also expounded upon, as well as how they
currently assist schools to implement school-based management. The perceptions of
principals and school management teams on the current assistance being provided and
how they would like to be assisted were also recorded. Another important aspect that
the research uncovered was how previously disadvantaged schools frequently excel,
despite the shortcomings they may experience.
School-based management within a South African context can only work in previously
disadvantaged schools if current challenges are acknowledged and addressed by
policymakers. All pertinent school leaders of previously disadvantaged schools, such as
principals, school management teams and school governing bodies, need to be
adequately and regularly trained, based on their unique competencies to enhance a
successful school-based management strategy in these schools.University of the Free Stat
NATIONAL PARTY OFS Inventory of documents
No full textCOVERAGE 1906-1971; 204 Files; *41,10 Metres.
AUDIO CASSETTES IN ARCA COLLECTION = 7Papers of the National Party OFS, founded on July 1, 1914 during a gathering at Smithfield under the chairmanship of General J.B.M. Hertzog
COETZEE, NS Inventory of the private document collection
No full textCOVERAGE 1941-1971; 4 Files; 0,44 metres.Private papers of N.S. Coetzee, member of the Ossewa-Brandwag movement
SHEARER, Vernon Lyall Inventory of documents
No full textCOVERAGE 1933-1968; 233 Files; 3,89 Metres.Private papers of V.L. Shearer, MP Durban-Point [1938-1958], for the Dominion Party [1938-1943], Independent [1943-1948], United Party [1948-1954], National Conservative Party [1954-1957], Independent [1957-1958], Mayor of Durban [1964-1966
ERASMUS, Hendrik Schalk Inventory of documents
No full textCOVERAGE 1940-1963; 4 Files; 0,23 MetrePrivate papers of H.S. Erasmus, National Party MP Hoopstad [1943-1948], Boshof-Hoopstad [1948-1953], Odendaalsrus [1953-1958]
