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Entrepreneurial intentions and perceived access to finance: the role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy
No full textEntrepreneurship has been widely recognised as the backbone of every economy, because it is the primary driver of job creation, wealth, innovation, economic growth and development (Neneh & Van Zyl, 2014; Afolabi, 2015; Aberman, 2016). In South Africa, the current high rate of youth unemployment has become a cause for concern because there are few employment opportunities to accommodate the increase in the number of students graduating from South African tertiary institutions (South African Higher education Open Data, 2013). As such, this study was aimed at examining the role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) on the relationship between perceived access to finance (PAF) and entrepreneurial intention (EI).
The data was collected using questionnaires that were distributed to 620 students randomly selected from all the departments in the Economic and Management Sciences faculty at the University of the Free State. The researcher issued 620 questionnaires and only 555 were collected, 500 out of the 555 questionnaires were used for the research because the respondents had completed them in full. This resulted in an 80.65% response rate. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for data analysis and the results were interpreted using descriptive and inferential statistics. Furthermore, the Hierarchical regression model was used to test the hypothesis. The findings of the research revealed that youths have a moderate level of entrepreneurial intention. Also, youths have moderate levels of ESE and PAF. The results further revealed that ESE and PAF both have a significant relationship with EI. Furthermore, the results confirmed that ESE has a significant positive moderating effect on the EI-PAF relationship.
These findings gave some insight to researchers, policy makers and educational institutions to focus on improving the entrepreneurial self-efficacy of youths as it could significantly enhance the students’ entrepreneurial intentions. Based on the findings, the study provided a number of recommendations for fostering entrepreneurial intentions of youths. Firstly, it is recommended that youths should be given an opportunity to be exposed to the work environment, through internships and on the job training in order to equip them with valuable business skills, knowledge and technical experience relevant for starting a business. Secondly, tertiary institutions should ensure that their entrepreneurship education curriculum focuses on developing an individuals’ self-confidence and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Furthermore, it is recommended that policy makers should introduce finance exhibitions were students are educated about how to; draft business plans and how to write funding proposals in order to encourage them to be independent and self-reliant when seeking financial assistance from financial institutions. Finally, it was suggested that government should collaborate with financial institutions and successful entrepreneurs to ensure that students with viable business plans are provided with adequate start-up capital and mentors to guide them as they start their entrepreneurial career path. In order to promote entrepreneurship growth, policy makers, government and educational institutions are urged to encourage and motivate youths in South Africa to participate in various entrepreneurship activities, as this will help improve their entrepreneurial intentions
MOOLMAN, AA Inventory of documents
No full textCOVERAGE 1942-1950 0.15 metreEditor of DIE VRYSTATER and ONS FRIEND, 1942-194
DU PLESSIS, Josias Hendrik Otto inventory
No full textCOVERAGE 1902-1958; 47 Files; 2,22 Metres.AUDIO CASSETTES IN ARCA COLLECTION = 1Private papers of J.H.O. du Plessis, first editor of Die Oosterling in Port Elizabeth, later editor of the Die Volksblad in Bloemfontein, Director of State Intelligence [1948-1953], MP Stellenbosch [1953-1958], Administrator of the Cape Province [1958-1960]
A semiotic analysis of Nightwish’s Dark Passion Play (2007) and Imaginaerum (2011)
No full textDespite the ever-increasing interest in scholarly research on metal, the sonic investigation of metal songs remains essentially neglected. My study aims to contribute to the musicological investigation of metal. In this regard, my study is an analysis of four of Finnish symphonic metal band Nightwish’s songs from two of their most recent studio albums, Dark Passion Play (2007) and Imaginaerum (2011). These four songs are “Scaretale” (Imaginaerum); “Turn Loose the Mermaids” (Imaginaerum); “The Poet and the Pendulum” (Dark Passion Play); and “Meadows of Heaven” (Dark Passion Play). I show how Philip Tagg’s commutative analytical model – specifically designed for the analysis of popular music – aids in the contextual reading of the selected Nightwish songs. In addition to Tagg’s model, I employ Allan Moore’s idea of the soundbox in two of the analyses, in order to uncover how in-studio sound effects influence the aesthetics of a song. Tagg’s model encompasses a mode of analysis where musemes or museme stacks and their connotations of the analysis object (AO) is compared to that of other material (interobjective comparison material or IOCM), in order to establish shared paramusical fields of connotation (PMFCs). Tagg’s model relies on a high degree of intertextuality and genre is a deciding factor in selecting IOCMs. I expand both Tagg’s model and Moore’s visual representation of the soundbox. In terms of Tagg’s model, I contextualise each analysis within a broader range of theoretical/philosophical discourses. Intertextuality plays an integral role in my analyses. It is an essential and inherent part of Tagg’s model, but I extend the role of intertextuality in my thesis as it serves an additional role as an overarching theoretical frame of reference. Furthermore, I expand the role of genre à la Umberto Eco, so that genre serves as a “road map” that informs and governs Nightwish’s construction (and communication) of meaning in their songs. In terms of Moore’s soundbox I add a second perspective of the textual space: a view from above. This tilted view gives a better idea of where the emitters and sound effects are placed within the textural space. I identify six main themes in the selected songs by means of Tagg’s model, namely: fantasy, horror, violence, escapism, children and childhood, and nature. I show how these six themes are intertextually connoted and how they complement and influence one another to communicate meaning to the receivers (audience). Fantasy is an especially central theme and features in all four of the selected songs. Escapism has links with fantasy, fiction and nostalgia. Childhood and nature are associated with escapism and fantasy, while horror is linked to Gothic horror and fantasy in the songs. Violence has a connection with fantasy and the band communicates violence differently from the violence associated with extreme metal subgenres. Thus, fantasy, escapism, nature and childhood act as “counterbalances” to horror and violence. These themes interact lyrically and sonically to create a unique listening experience for Nightwish fans and other receivers across the globe. The themes are recurring and in this way, the band creates a narrative link between songs. Thus, they actively establish, maintain and explore the band’s self-created Nightwish mythology. The Nightwish ‘world’ creates a space where fans, based anywhere in the world, can share in the experience of the band’s songs, while forming part of a subculture community. My study is an example of a musicological investigation into the sonic features of metal songs. It demonstrates the types of insights that Tagg’s model yields and shows how Tagg’s model sheds light on the way in which intertextuality establishes meaning in popular culture in general, and Nightwish’s selected songs in particular. It also reveals how Allan Moore’s soundbox can be utilised to demonstrate how in-studio sound effects affect the aesthetics of metal songs
Caenorhabditis elegans as a model for Candida albicans-Pseudomonas aeruginosa co-infection and infection induced prostaglandin production
No full textThe discovery of substantial commonality between microbial pathogenesis in mammals and
invertebrate model hosts, such as the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, has provided the
foundation for genetic analysis of microbial virulence factors in live animal models. In most
cases, Candida albicans yeast cells inhabit the human intestines, yet this opportunistic
pathogen can led to host tissues invasion, causing life-threatening infections in
immunocompromised hosts. Given the importance of this fungus to human health and its coexistence
with other pathogenic microbes, particularly bacteria, such as emerging Gramnegative
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, thus we used C. elegans as an infection model to study
interactions between C. albicans and P. aeruginosa. Our goal was to firstly, successfully
propagate and monitor the life cycle of C. elegans at 15 °C. Secondly, for this reason, we
established a liquid medium assay using C. elegans model for C. albicans or P. aeruginosa
monomicrobial infections. We demonstrate that the C. albicans yeast form establishes an
intestinal infection in C. elegans, while the hyphal form is not required to efficiently kill the
nematode. Furthermore, investigating mutants and genetically engineered C. albicans strains,
we proved that hyphal formation is indeed not required for full virulence in this system. Thirdly
we demonstrated that polymicrobial interactions are more virulent to C. elegans than
monomicrobial species. We also aimed to understand the genetic mechanisms of virulence
observed in C. elegans in vitro, since it was shown that not only does C. albicans and P.
aeruginosa kill the nematode C. elegans, but also that C. albicans and P. aeruginosa virulence
factors required for mammalian pathogenesis might also be required for efficient killing of C.
elegans. Here our in vitro results suggested that there are multiple virulence factors of P.
aeruginosa that may cause virulence, including pyoverdine, pyocyanin and swarming motility.
Another factor that contributes to virulence is the hydrolytic enzyme production, known to
facilitate pathogenicity of bacteria, protozoa, and pathogenic yeasts. Our results demonstrated
that although C. albicans and P. aeruginosa possess a wide range of hydrolytic enzymes,
proteinases are more predominantly associated with virulence. Furthermore, when comparing
the effect of infection on the microbial burden of specific pathogens, from monomicrobial
infections, it is clear that the virulence observed in killing of nematodes was not due to number
of cells but rather specific virulence factors of the different strains. Surprisingly, from
polymicrobial infections, we see that for both P. aeruginosa strains, co-infection resulted in an
increased microbial burden. This is due to the fact that virulence of co-infection is strongly
influenced by microbial burden and that this is dependent on the specific strains in the coinfection.
For further understanding of the influence of virulence that underlie susceptibility to
this pathogens, we used this pathogen model system to further evaluate the influence of infection towards the nematodes fatty acid composition. Total lipids of C. elegans were
extracted using chloroform and methanol [2:1 ratio (v/v)]. Fatty acids composition of the
extracted total lipids was converted to their corresponding fatty acids methyl esters (FAMEs)
and analysed by gas chromatography (GC). From the nematodes feeding on control E. coli
OP50, we identified twenty-three different fatty acids ranging from 12 to 22 carbons in length,
with 35 % being saturated, while 65 % being unsaturated. We then only focused on major
unsubstituted long chain fatty acids (LCFAs), with margaric acid (17:0) being the predominant
saturated fatty acid, comprising of an average of 24 % total major fatty acids. Through this
process, after C. albicans and P. aeruginosa infection, we identified three fatty acids that have
varying degrees of influence in C. elegans, namely linoleic acid (18:2n6), eicosapentaenoic
acid (20:5n3) and docosenoic acid (22:1n9). Therefore, we observed changes in fatty acid
profile being strain dependent, however there is no clear correlation between production of
fatty acid and virulence. We further extended the usage of C. elegans infection models to
investigate the influence of signalling molecules called prostaglandins, on infection. Here we
show that only the co-infection synthesize prostaglandin E2. Together, these results expand
the use of C. elegans in the field of polymicrobial pathogenesis and provide further evidence
of the likely importance of polymicrobial interactions. Since there is an urgent need for
development of new antimicrobial agents, C. elegans which is known to evaluate different
chemical compounds libraries could be used to solve some of the main obstacles in current
antimicrobial discovery.National Research Foundation (NRF
VAN ASWEGEN, JM Inventory of documents
No full textCOVERAGE 1952-1961; 0.30 metreNational Transportation Commission and the Economic Institut
MALAN, Charles Wynand Marais [Charlie] Inventory of documents
No full textCOVERAGE 1906-1933; 12 Files; 0,55 Metres.
AUDIO CASSETTES IN ARCA COLLECTION = 2Private papers of C.W.M. Malan, National Party MP, Humansdorp [1915-1933], Minister of Railways and Harbours [1924-1933]
Validation of a Von Willebrand factor propeptide assay
No full textVon Willebrand disease is the most common inherited bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency or defect in von Willebrand factor. Quantitative defects of von Willebrand factor include, type 1 von Willebrand disease (partial deficiency of von Willebrand factor) and type 3 von Willebrand disease (complete deficiency of von Willebrand factor). Type 2 von Willebrand disease includes all qualitative defects of von Willebrand factor. Type 1 von Willebrand disease is either due to decreased synthesis and secretion or increased clearance of von Willebrand factor from plasma. It is essential to diagnose individuals with an increased clearance rate of von Willebrand factor, as the treatment of these patients with 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin is not effective. The ratio between the von Willebrand factor propeptide and the von Willebrand factor antigen is used to identify conditions of reduced half-life, such as type 1 von Willebrand disease with increased clearance. Currently, there is only one commercial assay available to measure von Willebrand factor propeptide levels. This assay is not only too expensive to be used in developing countries but is also very time consuming. The von Willebrand factor propeptide protein assay is an expensive test as it uses monoclonal antibodies. Mammalian cells are commonly used for the expression of monoclonal antibodies. The production of monoclonal antibodies is expensive. With this research an effort was made to develop more cost-effective and more rapid assays to determine the von Willebrand factor propeptide levels in patient’s plasma. The aim of this study was to therefore validate a von Willebrand factor propeptide assay. First, two single chain variable fragments that bind to the von Willebrand factor propeptide were expressed by yeast. The von Willebrand factor propeptide protein was also expressed, as it is not commercially available. However, the expression of the propeptide and the two single chain variable fragments were not successful. The von Willebrand factor propeptide protein is firstly too large and it also consists of 2 homologous cysteine-rich D domains. A primary bottleneck in recombinant protein production is the presence of the disulfide bond structure. We then produced two polyclonal antibodies against a truncated form of the von Willebrand factor propeptide. The two polyclonal antibodies could however only detect the truncated von Willebrand factor propeptide, but not the von Willebrand factor propeptide in plasma. The reduced antigenicity of the truncation affected the epitope construction. We then developed a lateral flow assay using commercial antibodies to the von Willebrand factor propeptide. Lateral flow assays are low cost detection devices that are simple to use, rapid and portable. In the rapid von Willebrand factor propeptide lateral flow assay, a monoclonal and polyclonal clonal antibody was used. The polyclonal antibody did not bind specific to the von Willebrand factor propeptide as it can bind to both the full-length von Willebrand factor protein and to the von Willebrand factor propeptide. Polyclonal antibodies show higher cross reactivity. This assay could therefore not be validated, as it was not specific for the VWF propeptide. Lastly, a rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using the commercial antibody pair clone CLB-Pro 35 and CLB-Pro 14.3 was developed and validated. This rapid assay has equal sensitivity and precision as the commercial method and can be used to diagnose patients with increased von Willebrand factor clearance
A qualitative exploration of identity among mothers of rape-born children conceived during the 1994 Rwandan genocide: a secondary data analysis
No full textAlthough war rape has proven to be a ubiquitous phenomenon proliferating across the globe, research has paid little attention to women who became pregnant as a result of war rape. The available literature pertaining to this vulnerable group tends to represent mothers of rape-born children in static and monolithic ways, often focusing on mothers’ victimhood while neglecting sites of agency. Most of the studies that do consider mothers of rape-born children in the context of war, frame the research within Western paradigms which leads to misrepresentation and inappropriate conceptualisations of victims within non-Western settings.
This study addresses these issues through exploring how Rwandan women who became pregnant as a result of rape during the 1994 genocide, narrate their identities and their relationships with their social world. The study employs a feminist poststructuralist theoretical framework that supports contextualised and nuanced understandings of subjectivity. This approach allows for African conceptualisations of an interdependent self, highlighting the constitutive power of dominant discourses in the lived reality of Rwandan mothers of rape-born children. Through employing a feminist poststructuralist approach, this study was able to conduct a rich and nuanced secondary analysis of qualitative data into ways Rwandan mothers of rape-born children construct and negotiate their subjectivity amidst dominant—and often contradictory—discourses.
Through a thematic narrative analysis, the study reveals two areas that have received little to no scholarly attention. The first area centres on the practice of male militia members to claim Tutsi women as their ‘wives’ after having raped them. Although various studies have referred to this practice as ‘taking sex slaves’, no attempt has been made to interrogate the master narratives that govern and sanction this practice, or how women narrate their experiences and sense of self when taken as a ‘wife’. The second under-researched area identified by this study pertains to the way social, cultural, and religious discourses construct motherhood in contradictory ways—limiting mothers’ access to attaining the identity of ‘good’ mother. On the one hand, dominant discourses construct an ideal image of motherhood, venerating women for their role as bearers of life. These discourses have constructed maternal love as natural and unconditional, and view any different experience as an anomaly. Patriarchal discourses on the other hand, shame and marginalise mothers of illegitimate children, constructing these women as sexually deviant and dangerous. The study looks at how these contradicting discourses shape participants’ sense of self when they are either forced to choose between their family and their child, or when these mothers are denied the option of abortion but are expected to love their child—culturally considered as belonging to the enemy—unconditionally and unreservedly.National Research FoundationAndrew W. Mellon FoundationUniversity of the Free State, Research Masters and PhD Tuition Fee Bursar
Argumentative discourse in the Isixhosa novel Ingqumbo yeminyanya and its English translation wrath of the ancestors: an appraisal-theoretical perspective
No full textEnglish: This study examines the evaluation in translation of argumentative discourse in the isiXhosa novel Ingqumbo yeminyanya and its English translation The wrath of the ancestor. The novel, Ingqumbo yeminyanya is a classical novel in isiXhosa, which is rich in African cultural tradition of Mpondomise Kingdom. The isiXhosa novel was published in 1940 in South Africa and later translated into English by the author with the help of his wife, Priscilla Phyliss Jordan. It was later published as The wrath of the ancestors in 1980. The main theme of the novel revolve around socio-cultural issues as manifested in issues of traditional government in rural context at the time in South Africa.
The study applies a multi-perspective framework in investigating the extent to which argumentative equivalence are realised in argumentative segments in the Xhosa source text compared to the English target text. Firstly, the study applies the Pragma-dialectical theory as postulated by Van Eemeren and colleagues (1984, 1992, 1993, 1994, 2003, 2010, 2014, 2015) to analyse argumentative segments from the three broad stages of narrative in the novel, namely, sunrise, noon, and sunset. The properties of argumentative discourse as postulated in the ideal model of pragma-dialectical theory of argumentation are investigated on the selected argumentative segments. The investigation invokes notions of the contextualization of argumentative discourse that contribute to the evaluation and analysis of argumentative discourse. It is argued that the traditional cultural belief system of the characters in the novel influence the manner in which argumentative exchanges are conducted. It is to demonstrate how the context-dependency of these argumentative moves employed by the protagonist and antagonist during the discussion constrain the resolution process of the critical discussion.
Secondly, the study examines the presentational devices of argumentative segments with regard to the properties of appraisal in translation as postulated by Munday (2012). The study examines how presentational devices are manifested as tools in argumentation theory, for presenting arguments in the most effective manner. The study invokes the appraisal framework introduced by Munday which stipulates guidelines to explore socio-linguistic properties in the translation of the presentational devices, specifically in identifying critical points that determine argumentative equivalence. Argumentative equivalence in the translated text vary in each argumentative exchange. Instances occur where shifts are not of a major concern because they help the target reader to comprehend the story. However, in some cases where significant shifts are observed, namely, where a significant portion of the narrative content is omitted in the target text. The study invokes the notion of self-translation for investigating such cases.
The study demonstrates that argumentative discourse in the context of Mpondomise culture provides new understanding concerning the nature of argumentative patterns and the manifestation of the principles and properties of argumentative theory.Xhosa: Esi sifundo sivavanya inguqulelo yobume bengxoxo-ntetho kuncwadi lwesiXhosa Ingqumbo yeminyanya nenguqulelo yayo yesiNgesi i-The wrath of the ancestors. Ingqumbo yeminyanya yincwadi yesiXhosa, etyebileyo kwinkcubeko namasiko ase-Afrika obukumkani bamaMpondomise. Le ncwadi yesiXhosa yapapashwa ngo-1940 eMzantsi Afrika yaze yaguqulelwa esiNgesini ngumbhali wayo encediswa yinkosikazi yakhe, uPriscilla Phyliss Jordan. Yapapashwa mva ngesihloko The wrath of the ancestors ngo-1980. Umxholo wale noveli ungqongwe bubume-benkcubeko yoburhulumente besintu namasiko aloo maxesha eMzantsi Afrika.
Esi sifundo sisebenzise iinkalo ngeenkalo ukuphanda ukuba iingxoxo-ntetho ezikwinoveli yesiXhosa (ST) zifezekisiwe ngokufanayo kwinoveli eyinguqulelo yayo yesiNgesi (TT). Okokuqala, isifundo sisebenzise ithiyori ye-“Pragma-dialectic” eyasekwa ngu-Van Eemeren no-Grootendorst nabalingane babo (1984, 1992, 1993, 1994, 2003, 2010, 2014, 2015) ekuhlalutyeni izicatshulwa zeengxoxo zenoveli kumacandelo amathathu angala; ukuphuma kwelanga, emini maqanda, ukutshona kwelanga. Imiba engundoqo kubume beengxoxo-ntetho njengoko isekiwe kwimodeli yethiyori ye-pragma-dialectic iphandiwe kwizicatshulwa ezikhethiweyo kulencwadi. Uphando luveza iimbono ngesimo nobume bentlalo beengxoxo-ntetho obuthi bongezelele ekuvavanyeni nasekuhlalutyeni iingxoxo ntetho. Kukho imbono ethi amasiko neenkolo zenkcubeko zabalinganiswa kuluncwadi ziphembelela indlela abazibumba ngayo nabanxulumana ngayo kwingxoxo-ntetho. Uphando lubonakalisa indlela iingxoxo-ntetho zomlinganiswa ophambili nochasayo ezixhomekeke ngayo kwisimo nobume bentlalo nendlela ezithi zithintela ngayo ukusonjululwa kwempixano engundoqo.
Okwesibini, isifundo sivavanya ubuchule bokubeka umbandela ongundoqo wengxoxo-ntetho malunga nemiba yethiyori ye-“Appraisal in Translation,” eyasekwa ngu-Munday (2012). Esi sifundo sivavanye indlela obubuchule bokubeka umbandela busetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokuxoxa ngempumelelo kwithiyori yengxoxo-ntetho (Argumentation theory). Isifundo sisebenzise isakhiwo se-Appraisal esaqulunqwa ngu-Munday esibeka imiqathango ejonga ubume-bamagama kwinguqulelo yolwimi lwesakhono nobugcisa bokubeka umbandela, ingakumbi apho kujongwa ukufaniswa kwengxoxo-ntetho yenguqulelo (TT) inokuphazamiseka khona. Xa kuthelekiswa ingxoxo-ntetho yoluncwadi lwesiseko (ST) kwizicatshulwa eziguquliweyo lwahlukile kwezenguqulelo yesingesi (TT). Kukho amathuba apho utshintsho lungenzanga mahluko ungako kuba lunceda umfundi wenguqulelo akwazi ukuliqonda ibali. Nangona, kwezinye iimeko kukho utshintsho olumandla, apho umthamo omninzi webali ususiwe kwinguqulelo. Kwimeko ezilolu hlobo esi sifundo siveze imeko ebangwa yinguqulele yombhali oziguqulele ngokwakhe incwadi yakhe (self-translator).
Esi sifundo sibonakakisa ukuba isimo nobume bengxoxo-ntetho yenkcubeko yamaMpondomise inika ulwazi olutsha malunga nendlela iingxoxo-ntetho ezilulo, nendlela imiba engundoqo yethiyori yengxoxo-ntetho eyenzeka ngayo.Afrikaans: Hierdie studie ondersoek evaluasie in die vertaling van argumentasie diskoers in die Xhosa novella Ingqumbo yeminyanya en die Engelse vertaling daarvan The warth of the ancestors. Die novelle Ingqumbo yeminyanya is ‘n klasieke prosawerk wat in 1940 gepubliseer is in Suid-Afrika en later in Engels vertaal is deur die outeur met die hulp van sy vrou Priscilla Jordan. Dit is gepubliseer as The warth of the ancestors in 1980. Die hooftema van die novelle sentreer om die sosio-kulturele vraagstukke gemanifesteer in die konteks van vraagstukke van tradisionele regering in Suid-Afrika gedurende die tydperk rondom 1940.
Die studie gebruik ‘n multi-perspektief raamwerk in die ondersoek van die mate waartoe argumentasie ekwivalensie gerealiseer word in argumentasie segmente in die Xhosa bronteks in vergelyking met die Engelse teikenteks. Eerstens gebruik die studie die pragma-dialektiese teorie, soos gepostuleer deur Frans van Eemeren en kollegas (1984, 1992, 1993, 1994, 2003, 2010, 2014, 2015) om argumentasie segmente te ontleed uit die drie breë dele van die narratief in die novelle, naamlik sonsopkoms (‘sunrise’), middag (‘noon’) en sonsondergang (‘sunset’).
Die kenmerke van argumentasie diskoers soos gepostuleer in die ideale model van die pragma-dialektiese teorie van argumentasie word ondersoek vir geselekteerde argumentasie segmente. Die ondersoek gebruik begrippe rakende die kontekstualisering van argumentasie diskoers wat bydra tot die evaluasie en analise van argumentasie diskoers. Daar word betoog dat die tradisionele kulturele geloofsisteem van die karakters in die novelle die wyse beïnvloed waarop argumentasie interaksies plaasvind. Die studie demonstreer hoe die konteks-afhanklikheid van die argumentasie skuiwe gebruik deur die protagonis en antagonis gedurende die bespreking die resolusieproses in die kritiese bespreking beperk.
Die studie ondersoek tweedens hoe die aanbiedingsmiddele van argumentasie segmente met betrekking tot waardebepaling (‘appraisal’) in vertaling, soos gepostuleer deur Munday (2012). Die studie ondersoek hoe aanbiedingsmiddele manifesteer as middele van argumentasieteorie in die aanbieding van argumente op die mees effektiewe wyse. Die studie gebruik die waardebepaling (‘appraisal’) raamwerk van Munday wat riglyne voorstel vir die linguïstiese eienskappe van die vertaling van aanbiedingsmiddele (‘presentational devices’), spesifiek ten opsigte van die identifisering van kritiese punte wat argumentasie ekwivalensie bepaal. Argumentasie ekwivalensie verskil in elke argumentasie interaksie. Gevalle kom voor waar vertalingskuiwe nie van hoofbelang is nie omdat dit die leser help om die storie te verstaan. In sommige gevalle, egter, word skuiwe waargeneem, byvoorbeeld waar ‘n beduidende gedeelte van die narratiewe inhoud weggelaat is in die teikenteks. Die studie gebruik die begrip van ‘self-vertaling’ om sodanige gevalle te ondersoek.
Die studie demonstreer dat argumentasie diskoers in konteks ‘n nuwe begrip bied rakende die aard van argumentasiepatrone en die manifestasie van die beginsels en eienskappe van argumentasieteorie.National Research Foundation (NRF