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Missio hominum guided by an understanding of Ubuntu for missio Dei: Nico Smith's discovery
No full textMissio hominum as a theological framework within the discipline of missiology in understanding missio Dei still lacks proper exploration. Few attempts have been made by theologians in the past but in different disciplines other than missiology. The exception is the previous studies by Nico Smith who investigated and conceptualised the subject at great length. This article builds on Smith’s perspectives on missio hominum with the aim of providing an in-depth understanding of the subject in an African context. This shall be achieved by juxtaposing missio hominum with an African concept of Ubuntu through a literary analysis. Ubuntu is imperative in understanding the significance of human beings within the Christian mission in fulfilling the purpose of missio Dei.
Contribution: This article makes two important contributions in the field of missiology – first, by illustrating through missio hominum that human beings are God’s partners in accomplishing his mission on earth, and second, by illustrating through Ubuntu that human beings should partner with one another for the same purpose.Publisher's versio
Sweet - pea’s garden : an urban green cemetery which invites a more positive grieving process through biophilia
No full textCritical success factors for effective internal construction stakeholder management
No full textIn developing countries such as Nigeria, Stakeholder Management (SM) practice is weak. The weakness of this practice often inhibits project goals in terms of time and cost overruns, disputes and lack of trust among the stakeholders. This article reports the results of a study on critical factors for successful SM in construction projects in Nigeria, in order to suggest ways to enhance project performance. The study employed a quantitative survey research design, using self-administered questionnaires distributed to construction practitioners (quantity surveyors, architects, engineers, builders and project managers) on construction sites in two selected geo-political zones of Nigeria. The collected data was analysed, using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results indicated that seven critical factors are important to successful SM in the research environment. These include engagement of competent project leaders and team members, effective communication, promoting good relationships, formulating a clear project mission statement, management support, and a good SM strategy which are instructive to improve SM. The study recommends the prioritisation of competency in the selection of project teams, effective relationship management and improved information dissemination during construction as the precursors of successful SM and project performance. Stakeholders must be adequately identified and analysed to ensure that they are competent for the contract and appropriate for the job. Construction practitioners, especially project leaders, could use identified critical success factors (CSFs) as a road map in the development of appropriate solutions for successfully managing stakeholders associated in the Nigerian construction industry.Publisher's versio
Nutrigenomics: perceptions of South African dietitians and general practitioners
No full textBackground: Nutrigenomics is defined as the study of how nutrients affect gene function. The primary objective of the field of nutrigenomics is to improve health through dietary recommendations aimed at subgroups of populations in which current general recommendations may not be relevant. If health care workers can promote healthy dietary behaviour based on results of genetic testing provided by nutrigenomic services, this can help to address non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and other diseases more effectively. Currently, no studies related to the perceptions of registered dietitians (RDs) and general practitioners (GPs) regarding nutrigenomics in South Africa (SA) are available. In view of the lack of information in SA and conflicting information from other countries about the feasibility of using nutrigenomics in practice, the purpose of the current study was to investigate the perceptions of RDs and GPs in SA regarding nutrigenomics. The perceptions of RDs and GPs were compared, and associations between background regarding nutrigenomics and perceptions determined. The Health Sciences Research Ethics Committee (UFS-HSD2020/0112/2403) of the University of the Free State provided approval to conduct this study. Methods: A self-administered electronic survey was used to collect the information required for this study. The survey was distributed in English. The survey consisted of open- and close-ended questions. Responses were rated according to a dichotomous response set, as well as a four-point scale. Recruitment of participants was undertaken via the Association for Dietetics in SA (ADSA) and social media platforms. Potential participants were informed about the study and invited to participate, using convenience and snowball sampling methods. Participation was encouraged by sending out a reminder to targeted participants two weeks after the initial invitation. Results: The sample included 150 RDs and 23 GPs. Majority of RDs (97.3%) and 30.4% of GPs had heard the term ‘nutrigenomics’ before. Almost three-quarters of RDs and GPs had or would personally consider genetic testing. More than half of RDs (58.9%) and only two (8.7%) GPs had read scientific literature relating to nutrigenomics during the past year. About a third (32.0%) of RDs and only three (13.0%) GPs had provided nutrigenomic counselling to patients during the past year. Both RDs (46.3%) and GPs (52.2%) rated genetic testing as ‘important’, while the majority of RDs (92.0%) and GPs (95.7%) rated nutrition as ‘very important’ in the medical or health industry. RDs ranked private companies (direct-to-consumer genetic testing companies) as most equipped (43.5%), while GPs ranked RDs as most equipped (31.8%) to provide nutrigenomic counselling. There was a statistically significant difference between RDs and GPs in terms of the ranking of how equipped dietitians are to provide nutrigenomic services (p=0.0345). Dietitians were rated by GPs as equipped to very equipped, while RDs rated themselves as neutral to equipped to deliver nutrigenomic counselling. More than half of RDs strongly agreed with all consumer motivators to make use of nutrigenomic services (motivated by a desire to prevent or manage disease, prevent a disease based on family history, control health outcomes based on family history, and improve overall health-related quality of life). Only about a third of GPs strongly agreed with almost all the consumer motivators, the exception being to ‘prevent a disease based on family history’ where more than half of GPs strongly agreed. About three-quarters of participants rated cost concerns as the greatest barrier to implementing nutrigenomic testing. The lowest-ranked barriers to implementation were confidentiality issues (40.0% for RDs and 60.9% for GPs) and moral concerns (37.3% for RDs and 47.8% for GPs). RDs perceived ‘greater individualisation of diet prescription (personal nutrition)’ (68.7%), and GPs perceived ‘strongest foundations for nutrition recommendations’ (60.9%) as the greatest possible benefits. More than half of RDs and only about a third of GPs reported that they would change the usual care or service that they provide based on new knowledge about nutrigenomics. Conclusions: Findings of the study were mostly consistent with previous research which found that although considered to be important, RDs and GPs felt that the emerging field of nutrigenomics needs further development before it can be widely applied effectively in routine private and public health care in SA. Recommendations: This study identified the need to add or expand the field of nutrigenomics in the current undergraduate curriculum of South African universities. Additional training on the planning of personalised diets and data interpretation tools are required to prepare health care professionals for the challenges related to nutrigenomic counselling
Motivation of students in higher education to transfer learning: a scoping review
No full textBackground: Motivation is a critical factor in students’ performance, productivity and transfer of learning. Even when students have the right skills, education, and support from peers and or educators, they would not be able to use knowledge learned in one context to solve a problem in a new context without motivation. Purpose: The purpose of this scoping review was to describe and summarise the literature on motivation to transfer learning in higher education and to identify the gaps regarding the research topic. Methodology: Scoping reviews are used to determine the extent, range, and nature of the scientific literature. The nine-step descriptive, analytical method of conducting a scoping review was used, as described by Peters et al. (2020: 413) in the methodology manual of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). The researcher used an organised process with the help of an experienced librarian and two co-researchers to identify articles that included all the words in the title of the research. The studies were independently screened for eligibility by the researcher and co-researchers during three rounds of review (title, abstract and full-text). Results: The results of this scoping review were presented in a descriptive, diagrammatic and tabular format that aligns with the review question and objective. Of the 84 articles identified, 60 titles, 4 abstracts, and 20 full-text articles were screened for eligibility. The review included 8 studies. Findings and limitations: Findings – A combination of the various of factors, influencing the motivation to transfer learning is proposed, suggesting further research to build a strong transfer theory in higher Background: Motivation is a critical factor in students’ performance, productivity and transfer of learning. Even when students have the right skills, education, and support from peers and or educators, they would not be able to use knowledge learned in one context to solve a problem in a new context without motivation. Purpose: The purpose of this scoping review was to describe and summarise the literature on motivation to transfer learning in higher education and to identify the gaps regarding the research topic. Methodology: Scoping reviews are used to determine the extent, range, and nature of the scientific literature. The nine-step descriptive, analytical method of conducting a scoping review was used, as described by Peters et al. (2020: 413) in the methodology manual of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). The researcher used an organised process with the help of an experienced librarian and two co-researchers to identify articles that included all the words in the title of the research. The studies were independently screened for eligibility by the researcher and co-researchers during three rounds of review (title, abstract and full-text). Results: The results of this scoping review were presented in a descriptive, diagrammatic and tabular format that aligns with the review question and objective. Of the 84 articles identified, 60 titles, 4 abstracts, and 20 full-text articles were screened for eligibility. The review included 8 studies. Findings and limitations: Findings – A combination of the various of factors, influencing the motivation to transfer learning is proposed, suggesting further research to build a strong transfer theory in higher education, including the full spectrum of factors on the transfer of learning model. The review highlighted the development of instruments to assess the same concepts and variables, and test the multidimensionality of the motivation to transfer learning in higher education more completely. Furthermore, the review proposes a concept analysis of motivation to transfer learning be done in higher education as part of health sciences to ensure that educators and researchers are able to characterise and understand what motivate students to transfer learning to improve the quality of education and healthcare delivered. Limitations – Prior research studies relevant to the scope of this review were limited. This limitation can be considered as a significant opportunity for this review to identify new gaps in the prior literature and to present the need for further development in the area of this review. Practical implications: The current literature highlights many factors influencing the transfer regime in the context of human resource development, but unfortunately, not much work has been done in higher education, especially in the field of health sciences. To improve the effectiveness of transfer of learning, we advocate that more in-depth qualitative research is required that involves other stakeholders such as students and educators. Further research should also investigate which variables make a difference in the complex process of motivation of students in higher education to transfer learning. A better understanding of the concept of motivation to transfer learning, the variables, and developing a theory, including the spectrum of variables influencing motivation to transfer learning, will assist educators to design more structured and evidence activities that ensure the motivation of students to transfer learning to the workplace, improving the delivery of healthcare. Value: This scoping review contributes to the dormant higher education transfer literature by prosed a combination of variables that provides a theoretical basis for building a strong theory/model on motivation to transfer learning for higher education
Assessing the possible effects of revitalisation of the Bisho Central Business District (CBD) on fire response: case study Bisho CBD in Eastern Cape
No full textBisho Central Business District (CBD) was revitalised in 2016 and is now neat and presentable. However, the refurbishment is a dangerous ticking time bomb caused by the blocking of fire hydrants, narrowing of streets and inaccessibility of high-rise building by fire engines. The study aimed at assessing the probable effects of revitalisation of Bisho CBD on Fire Response, in the quest to ascertain the best methods to diminish the consequences of fire adversity risks of the high-rise building in Bisho CBD and appraising the effect of Bisho CBD revitalisation that lead to narrowing the access roads in Bisho CBD, in Eastern Cape. Structures encompass numerous primary and secondary foundations that add to fire perils; and in the occurrence of a fire adversity the building could be partially or completely destroyed. Quick responses and effective execution of fire-fighters save peoples’ lives, reduce the number of injuries and minimize property damages and therefore this is an essential part of their work. Non-probability method using purposive sampling was employed in the selection of eighty four (84) partakers from BCMM Fire Stations. The study acknowledged the mixed method approach, and the data was gathered through questionnaires and documents. One hundred and twenty questionnaires were distributed to the potential partakers with eighty four completed questionnaires returned. Data was analysed using MS Excel. Data from the questionnaires was shown in a quantitative as well as narrative manner and presented clearly in order to conclude the impact evaluated on emergency response in Bisho CBD revitalisation and also ascertain the mitigation measures of the calamity perils caused by fires in a study area. The findings will assist in developing the recommendations of the study.Department of Cooperative Governance: National Disaster Management Centr
Towards the development of a capacity development framework for research ethics administrators: lessons from South Africa
No full textThesis (Ph.D.(Health Professions Education))--University of the Free State, 2021: Currently, research ethics capacity development is limited to research ethics committee (REC) members, and little research has been done on research ethics administrators, leading to lack of standardised requirements for this role, its responsibilities, and training requirements for fulfilling the supportive role for RECs. Although the role is administrative, research ethics administrators’ duties exceed those of just simple administration, and include complex demands such as preparing for audits. This study proposed and validated a capacity development framework for research ethics administrators in South Africa.
: A scoping review was done to gain deeper insight into the history and current status of REC administration, with a specific focus on capacity development programs available for research ethics administrators. A questionnaire was then distributed to 36 research ethics administrators to determine the current responsibilities, training requirements and needs of the role, focusing on the local situation of REC capacity development. The first draft of the capacity development framework was developed through triangulating findings from the scoping review and questionnaire. A Delphi survey of the designed framework, completed by 13 experts from South Africa and abroad, was then conducted until consensus was reached.
: From the 22 studies synthesised in the scoping review, two reported that there had been two capacity development efforts for administrators in Africa, namely the African Conference for Administrators of Research Ethics Committees, and the West African Bioethics Training Program. Thirty-six (36) administrators from National Health Research Ethics Council-registered ethics committees in South Africa participated in the online cross- sectional survey. Nearly 49% of the participants indicated that they had only received informal research-ethics-related training – not targeted formal training. Of the 23 research ethics experts approached, 13 participated in the Delphi Survey, and results show that 67% of them confirmed that research ethics administrators require basic, entry-level training at the level of a Bachelor’s degree to be able to fulfil their duties.
: Research ethics administrators need to have a Bachelor’s degree and be capacitated in ways comparable to the training received by research ethics committee members. The world of research is evolving fast and requires every role player in the research ethics committee to be adequately capacitated.
___________________________________________________________________Tans is kapasiteitsontwikkeling van navorsingsetiek beperk tot lede van die navorsingsetiekkomitee (NEK), en min navorsing is oor navorsingsetiek-administrateurs gedoen, wat lei tot 'n gebrek aan gestandaardiseerde vereistes vir hierdie rol, die verantwoordelikhede en opleidingsvereistes om die ondersteunende rol vir NEKs te vervul. Alhoewel die rol administratief van aard is, oortref navorsingsetiek-administrateurs se pligte dié van net eenvoudige administrasie, en sluit dit komplekse eise in soos voorbereiding vir oudits. Hierdie studie het 'n kapasiteitsontwikkelingsraamwerk vir navorsingsetiek-administrateurs in Suid-Afrika voorgestel en bekragtig.
: ’n Oorsig is gedoen om ’n dieper insig te verkry in die geskiedenis en huidige status van NEK-administrasie, met 'n spesifieke fokus op kapasiteitsontwikkelingsprogramme wat beskikbaar is vir navorsingsetiek-administrateurs. ’n Vraelys is toe aan 36 navorsingsetiek-administrateurs uitgedeel om die huidige verantwoordelikhede, opleidingsvereistes en behoeftes van die rol te bepaal, met die fokus op die plaaslike situasie van NEK-kapasiteitsontwikkeling. Die eerste konsep van die kapasiteitsontwikkelingsraamwerk is ontwikkel deur bevindinge deur die omvangsoorsig en vraelys te trianguleer. ’n Delphi-opname van die ontwerpte raamwerk, voltooi deur 13 kundiges van Suid-Afrika en oorsee, is daarna gedoen totdat konsensus bereik is.
: Uit die 22 studies wat in die oorsig van die omvang gekombineer is, het twee gerapporteer dat daar twee kapasiteitontwikkelingspogings vir administrateurs in Afrika was, naamlik die Afrikakonferensie vir Administrateurs van Navorsingsetiekkomitees, en die Wes-Afrikaanse Bio-etiekopleidingsprogram. Ses-en-dertig (36) administrateurs van die Nasionale Gesondheidsnavorsingsetiekraad-geregistreerde etiekkomitees in Suid-Afrika het aan die aanlyn deursnit-opname deelgeneem. Byna 49% van die deelnemers het aangedui dat hulle slegs informele navorsingsetiekverwante opleiding ontvang het, nie geteikende formele opleiding nie. Van die 23 navorsingsetiekkundiges wat genader is, het 13 aan die Delphi-opname deelgeneem, en resultate toon dat 67% van hulle bevestig het dat navorsingsetiek-administrateurs basiese, intreevlakopleiding op die vlak van ’n Baccalaureusgraad benodig om hul pligte te kan nakom.
: Navorsingsetiekadministrateurs moet ’n Baccalaureusgraad hê en in só ’n mate bekwaam wees dat dit vergelykbaar met die opleiding is wat deur navorsingsetiekkomiteelede ontvang word. Die wêreld van navorsing ontwikkel vinnig en vereis dat elke rolspeler in die navorsingsetiekkomitee voldoende bekwaam is.
___________________________________________________________________Ha jwale ntshetsopele ya bokgoni ba melawana ya boitshwaro diphuputsong e phethahatswa ke ditho tsa komiti ya diphuputso (REC) feela, mme ho entswe diphuputso feela tse fokolang mabapi le batsamaisi ba melawana ya boitshwaro diphuputsong, mme hona ho bakile hore ho se ke ha ba le ditshwanelo tse lokileng bakeng sa mosebetsi ona, boikarabelo ba ona, esita le ditshwanelo tsa kwetliso tsa ho phethahatsa seabo sa tshehetso bakeng sa di-REC. Le hoja seabo e le sa botsamaisi, mesebetsi ya batsamaisi ba melawana ya boitshwaro diphuputsong e feta botsamaisi, ebile e kenyeletsa ditlhoko tse ngata jwaloka ho hlophisa ditlhahlobo tsa dibuka kapa dioditi. Diphuputso tsena di kgothaleditse le ho tiisa tlhokeho ya moralo wa bokgoni ba ntshetsopele ya batsamaisi ba melawana ya boitshwaro bakeng sa batsamaisi ba melawana ya boitshwaro diphuputsong mona Afrika Borwa.
: Ho ile ha etswa tekolobotjha e le ho tseba haholwanyane ka nalane esita le maemo a jwale a tsamaiso ya REC, ka ho toboketsa ho ba teng ha mananeo a ntshetsopele ya bokgoni a ka fumanehang bakeng sa batsamaisi ba melawana ya boitshwaro diphuputsong. Ho ile ha ajwa lenane la dipotso ho batsamaisi ba 36 ba melawana ya boitshwaro diphuputsong e le ho theha boikarabelo esale jwale, ditshwanelo tsa kwetliso esita le ditlhoko tsa seabo, ho tadimilwe maemo a lehae a REC a ntshetsopele ya bokgoni. Tokomane ya pele ya moralo wa ntshetsopele ya bokgoni o ile wa hlahiswa ka ho eketsa diphihlello tse tswang ditekodisisong le ho lenane la dipotso. Patlisiso ya Delphi ya moralo o hlophisitsweng e tlatsitsweng ke ditsebi tse 13 tse tswang Afrika Borwa le mose ho mawatle, e ile ya etswa ho fihla tumellano ya bohle e fihlellwa.
: Ho tswa ho diphuputso tse 22 tse hokahantsweng ho tekolobotjha, tse pedi di hlalositse hore ho bile le boiteko ba bokgoni ba ntshetsopele ba batsamaisi mona Afrika, e leng African Conference for Administrators of Research Ethics Committees, le West African Bioethics Training Program. Batsamaisi ba mashome a mararo (36) ba tswang National Health Research Ethics Council ba dikomiti tse ngodisitsweng tsa melawana ya boitshwaro mona Afrika Borwa ba bile le seabo ka patlisiso ya mehala. Ekaba 49% ya bankakarolo ba bontshitsweng hore ba kwetliseditswe melawana ya diphuputso ka tsela eo e sa tlwaelehang ya molao eseng kwetliso e lebeletsweng ya molao. Ho ditsebi tse 23 tsa melawana ya boitshwaro diphuputsong tse ileng tsa botswa, ba 13 ba bile le seabo ho Dipatlisiso tsa Delphi, mme diphetho di bontsha hore 67% ya bona e tiisa hore batsamaisi ba melawana ya boitshwaro diphuputsong ba tshwanela ho ba le kwetliso ya motheo, kwetliso ya ho qala boemong ba kgau ya thuto ya Bachelor’s degree e le hore ba kgone ho phethahatsa mesebetsi ya bona.
: Batsamaisi ba melawana ya boitshwaro diphuputsong ba lokela ho ba le lengolo la kgau ya BA la komiti ya melawana ya boitshwaro diphuputsong. Lefatshe la diphuputso le hola kapele mme le hloka hore motho ka mong a be le seabo ka hara komiti ya melawana ya boitshwaro diphuputsong e le hore a be le bokgoni ka tshwanelo.
___________________________________________________________________: Njengamanje, ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono ocwaningo kunqunyelwe kumalungu ekomiti lezimiso zocwaningo (REC), futhi luncane ucwaningo olwenziwe ngabaphathi bezimiso zocwaningo, okuholele ekuntulekeni kwezidingo ezijwayelekile zale ndima, izibopho zayo, kanye nezidingo zokuqeqesha ukuze kufezwe indima yokusekela. Ama-RECs. Nakuba indima ingeyokuphatha, imisebenzi yabaphathi bezimiso zocwaningo idlula leyo yokuphatha nje elula, futhi ihlanganisa nezidingo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezifana nokulungiselela ukuhlolwa. Lolu cwaningo luhlongoze futhi lwaqinisekisa uhlaka lokuthuthukisa amakhono kubaphathi bezimiso zocwaningo eNingizimu Afrikha.
: Ukubuyekezwa kwesikophu kwenziwa ukuze kutholakale ukuqonda okujulile ngomlando kanye nesimo samanje sokuphatha i-REC, kugxilwe ngokukhethekile ezinhlelweni zokuthuthukisa amandla ezitholakalayo kubaphathi bezimiso zocwaningo. Uhlu lwemibuzo lwabe selusatshalaliswa kubaphathi bezimiso zocwaningo abangama-36 ukuze kutholwe izibopho zamanje, izidingo zokuqeqeshwa kanye nezidingo zendima, kugxilwe esimweni sendawo sokuthuthukiswa kwamandla e-REC. Uhlaka lokuqala lohlaka lokuthuthukiswa kwamandla lwathuthukiswa ngokuhlanganisa okutholwe ngonxantathu okuvela ekubuyekezweni kwesikophu kanye nohlu lwemibuzo. Ucwaningo lweDelphi ngohlaka olwakhiwe, oluphothulwe ngochwepheshe abangu-13 baseNingizimu Afrikha nakwamanye amazwe, lwenziwa kwaze kwaba kufinyelelwa esivumelwaneni.
: Ezifundweni ezingama-22 ezididiyelwe ekubuyekezweni kwesikophu, ezimbili zibike ukuthi kube nemizamo emibili yokuthuthukisa amakhono kubaphathi e-Afrikha, okuyiNgqungquthela Yase-Afrikha Yabaphathi Bamakomiti Ezimiso Zokuziphatha, kanye noHlelo Lokuqeqesha i-Bioethics lwaseNtshonalanga Afrikha. Abaphathi abangamashumi amathathu nesithupha (36) abavela emakomitini ezimiso zokuziphatha abhaliswe eMkhandlwini Kazwelonke Wezempilo eNingizimu Afrikha babambe iqhaza ocwaningweni lwe-inthanethi. Cishe u-49% wabahlanganyeli babonise ukuthi bathole kuphela ukuqeqeshwa okungahlelekile okuhlobene nezimiso zokuziphatha – hhayi ukuqeqeshwa okusemthethweni okuhlosiwe. Kochwepheshe bezimiso zocwaningo abanga-23 abahlanganyele ocwaningweni, abangu-13 babambe iqhaza ku-Delphi Survey, futhi imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi u-67% wabo uqinisekisile ukuthi abaphathi bezimiso zocwaningo badinga ukuqeqeshwa okuyisisekelo, ezingeni le-Bachelor's degree ukuze bakwazi ukufeza imisebenzi yabo.
: Abaphathi bezimiso zocwaningo kumele babe neziqu zeBachelor futhi babe namandla ngezindlela eziqhathaniswa nokuqeqeshwa okutholwe amalungu ekomiti lezimiso zocwaningo. Umhlaba wocwaningo uthuthuka ngokushesha futhi udinga wonke umuntu obambe iqhaza ekomitini lezimiso zocwaningo ukuthi anikwe amandla anele.
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QTAIM analysis dataset for non-covalent interactions in furan clusters
No full textFuran clusters are very important to understand the dynam- ics and properties of the furan solvent. They can be used combined with quantum cluster equilibrium theory to theo- retically determine the thermodynamics properties of the fu- ran solvent. To understand the structures of the furan clus- ters, one needs to understand the non-covalent interactions that hold the furan molecules together. In this paper, we have provided the data necessary to understand the non-covalent interactions in furan clusters. Firstly, the structures of the furan clusters have been generated using classical molecu- lar dynamics as implemented in the ABCluster code. Sec- ondly, the generated structures have been fully optimized at the MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory. The optimized Carte- sian coordinates of all the investigated structures are re- ported in this work to enable further investigations of the furan clusters. These Cartesian coordinates will save compu- tational time for all further investigations involving the fu- ran clusters. Thirdly, to understand the nature of the non- covalent interactions in furan clusters, we have performed a quantum theory of atoms in molecule (QTAIM) analysis using AIMAll program. Using QTAIM, we have provided the critical points, bond paths and their related properties for all the in- vestigated structures. These data can be used to identify and classify the non-covalent interactions in furan clusters.Publisher's versio
Social enterpreneurship education to enhance businesses of hand craft workers in Stanger KwaZulu Natal
No full textDissertation (MDS (Development Studies))--University of the Free State, [2021]Abstract not availableThe language of social entrepreneurship (SE) may still be perceived as new, but its
by advocating that even the most private enterprises in society serve a social
function (Urban, 2013). SE is therefore looked at beyond its economic component
but also at its social component which recognizes that in the pursuit of
independence, people are more drawn to self-employment (Bosma, 2011).
The concept of SE however still remains poorly defined and its boundaries to other
fields remains fuzzy (Mair & Marti,2006) In Belgium for instance, this concept is
frequently used to stress the entrepreneurial approach adopted by an increasing
number of organizations in the third world sector enterprise (Littlewood, and Holt,
2015). In Denmark, SE is primarily used by insiders of the field, social entrepreneurs
themselves and third sector representatives in general. Similarly, in Scotland, there
is no legal definition of the concept even though they are the leaders in social
entrepreneurship with 5 600 social enterprises operating since 2017(Scotland
census 2017). In South Africa on the other hand, as much as the concept still
remains under researched, it is becoming recognized by the public and the
government alike as a key aspect of development (Karanda & Toledano 2012).
This research however will make use of the definition by the Global Entrepreneurship
Monitor that defines SE as ―an attempt at new social enterprise activity or new
enterprise creation such as self-employment, a new enterprise or an extension to an
already existing enterprise by an individual or team of individuals with a community
goal as its base and where profit is invested in the activity itself rather than return to
investors‖ (Bosma, 2011)
Caregiving: a feminist perspective on the lived experiences of caregivers in Harare
No full textIn the light of the exponential increase in the population of the elderly, studies have predicted the care crisis of this population group unless adequate measures are taken. This qualitative gender-sensitive case study, which is guided by the symbolic interactionism perspective, argues that one of the possible ways of circumventing the likely elder “care crisis” is to delineate the ‘who’, ‘how’ and ‘why’ of unpaid elder care work in a family setting. Studies from Zimbabwe report on “families” taking care of the elderly. What is not well reported is exactly who does what, how and why within the family setting in an urban environment. What is known is that women are the primary caregivers, and they are also reported as disproportionately affected by poverty and disease (Zimbabwe Census, 2012). However, some studies report on adverse outcomes that are accumulated over the life course, when women place the needs of others before themselves. This study set out to determine the socio-cultural factors amongst other factors that influence who the caregivers are in families and interpret how such socio-cultural practices possibly contribute to placing unpaid family caregivers at risk of poverty. Participants aged 60+ who have cumulative experience as caregivers and receivers were purposefully selected to narrate their experience and to shed light on the nature of agency and adaptive strategies that they deploy in the family provision of elder care. One-on-one life course interviews and participant observation were deployed. Concepts from (1) the life course theory, (2) feminist care conceptual frameworks and (3) feminist intersectionality theory were integrated to formulatea conceptual framework that binds separate areas of the study (gender, care and ageing) into a unified approach. The constructivist grounded theory methodology that guided this study is useful when extant theory does not adequately explain phenomena under study and when developing theory that explains action or social interaction. The findings suggest that care is provided through a family care network. Four main caregiver roles that work in tandem to propel the elder care family network were identified. Family birth order and not gender is prioritised in the elder care decision-making process. Caring masculinities and caring femininities were also identified in this study. Such findings contribute to the development of social policies informed by participants’ primary needs, expectations, and concerns. The findings suggest the necessity to expand the notion of social citizenship by possibly exploring some of the indigenous ethics of care practices such as ‘zunde ramambo’ as described in this study