11613 research outputs found
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A memory exchange hub: encapsulating memory through an architectural intervention
No full textThis dissertation is an exploration and design of a Memory Exchange Hub in Lephalale in between the Maroela Old Age Home and the local Lephalale Library. Lephalale is situated in Limpopo where the EXXARO coal mine is crucial to South Africa’s energy production and in being so offers a resource for the community at large, but the question is what this industry offers to Lephalale in return. The community is need of an intervention which contributes to their daily routines in community engagement. The reason for this study is to provide a central space in Lephalale for the community to expand their knowledge on different topics and be closely exposed to different types of people in Lephalale. A variety of trees surround the Bushveld landscape and the most important to the people is what is known as the big five South- African trees. These trees forms part of the way Lephalale treats This project introduces the formulation of a theoretical approach through an ancestral dream of the author. This evokes a study on the history of the people of Lephalale and ultimately formulates forms of memory to be introduces as physical realness. A culmination of conceptual approaches like preservation, interweaving and transience influences the design approach. The main theoretical stance is based on the theme of different forms of memory and how memory relates to space and time. A contribution to sustainable building design in a hot interior area is designed using the primary structural use of eucalyptus poles, secondary use of steel and an introduction of an alternate use of material. Thatch roofs evolve into thatch walls as a new morphological element. The main theme of the project introduces a space where the people of Lephalale can engage in different forms of narrative and be reminded of the connection they have with each other, their set of skills and the history of Lephalale
Conceptualising the function concept : an image functions intervention
No full textThis thesis comprises three articles submitted for publication, sandwiched between an orientation chapter and a final reflection. The thread that runs through the thesis and connects the three articles is the mathematical concept of function. Students studying Mathematics are expected to have a good understanding of the function concept and its many subtleties and nuanced representations. However, the contrary has been shown to be true by ample research over the last 50 years in countries all over the world. The first article gave details on how photographs or images could be considered as representations of functions. This article used APOS (Action-Process-Object-Schema) theory to determine a genetic decomposition (GD) for the function concept. From this GD, activities were designed for an intervention based on defining and working with image functions,that is working with images/photographs as functions. The Image Functions Intervention (IFI) was then analysed from the APOS theoretical perspective and shown to adhere to the mental structures determined in the GD of the function concept. A first use of the IFI was evaluated by means of a questionnaire and qualitative analysis. The conclusion was that the IFI led to a broadened concept image, specifically regarding what can constitute as a function. The second article analysed the effectiveness of the IFI by means of quantitative analyses. In a randomised control design, an experimental and a control group both completed the Function Concept Inventory (FCI) as a pre-test. The experimental group completed the IFI and then both groups completed the FCI again as post-test. The experimental group showed a significant increase in their scores after the intervention. However, as there was no significant difference between the post-test scores of the experimental and the control groups, it could not be concluded unequivocally that the IFI caused the observed improvements. The last article used qualitative analysis with three data instruments to again gauge the possible effects of the IFI. Specifically, the main objective was to investigate to what extent the IFI could assist participants to develop an object conception of functions. Although multiple participants showed improvement on their understanding, only one participant managed to display a transitioning into the object level of understanding. Overall, the IFI showed merit and it was concluded that the IFI should be adapted and expanded based on the results and conclusions from the three articles. Further research should be undertaken to evaluate and explore the use of the IFI regarding the improvement of function concept understanding
ʼn Praktykgebaseerde perspektief op Franz Marx as die sentrale figuur in die ontstaan van die eerste Afrikaanse TV-dagvervolgverhaal
No full textThesis (Ph.D. (Afrikaans en Nederlands, Duits en Frans))--University of the Free State, 2021Die hieropvolgende studie is verdeel in twee afsonderlike afdelings, elk met verskillende doelwitte. Afdeling A bestaan uit Franz Marx se mondelinge geskiedenis en Afdeling B behels die kreatieweskryfkuns-komponent. Afdeling A is hoofsaaklik biografies van aard met Franz Marx as die primêre onderwerp en fokus. ʼn Uiteensetting van die verskillende faktore wat hom as kunstenaar beïnvloed en toegerus het vir die skep van die eerste Afrikaanse TV-dagvervolgverhaal, is die primêre doelwit van hierdie afdeling. Hierdie studie is binne die praktykgebaseerde navorsingsmetodologie geplaas om sodoende oorspronklike en verifieerbare inligting oor Marx as die sentrale figuur in die ontstaan van die eerste Afrikaanse TV-dagvervolgverhaal in te win en te bevestig. Die uitsprake van plaaslike film- en TV-praktisyns word gebruik om Marx se lewe en werk in die Suid-Afrikaanse TV-praktyk te kontekstualiseer. ʼn Aanvullende literatuurstudie plaas die assimilering van internasionale TV-praktyke en sy kreatiewe metodologie in perspektief. Hierdie studie is ʼn daadwerklike toevoeging tot die bestaande vakkennis oor Franz Marx se omvangryke loopbaan en die oorsprong van Suid-Afrikaanse TV-dagvervolgverhale en seep-operas. Afdeling B vervat ʼn Afrikaanse telenovela-hibried wat handel oor die wel en wee van ʼn klein produksiespan wat tevergeefs poog om ʼn nuutgeskrewe situasiekomedie te verfilm. Om hierdie hibried te skep, is deurlopende en melodramatiese verhoudingsintriges – wat gewoonlik geassosieer word met seep-operas – gekombineer met die unieke karakters en komiese insidente van situasiekomedies. Die reeks kan voorts ook gelees word as ʼn parodie van die seep-operagenre.
___________________________________________________________________The following study is divided into two separate sections, each with different objectives. Section A contains Franz Marx’s oral history and section B comprises the creative writing component. Section A is mainly biographical with Franz Marx as the main subject and focus. An exposition of the various factors that influenced and equipped him as an artist for the creation of the first Afrikaans TV daily serial drama is the primary objective of this section. This study is placed within the methodology of practice-based research and utilises this method to acquire and verify information concerning Marx as the central figure in the conception of the first Afrikaans daily serial drama. Various South African film and TV practitioners assist in contextualising Marx’s influence within the local entertainment industry. International and South African literature further contextualises Marx’s contribution and places his creative methodology into perspective. This study contributes to the existing historical records on Franz Marx’s extensive career and the origin of daily serial dramas and soap operas in South Africa. Section B comprises an Afrikaans telenovela-hybrid. The narrative is based on a small production team struggling to film a new situational comedy (sitcom). To create the telenovela-hybrid, the melodramatic storylines and relationship-intrigue associated with soap operas are combined with the unique characters and situational incidents linked with and to sitcoms. This series can also be read as a parody of the soap opera genre.
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Screening, diagnosis and management of autism spectrum disorders amongst healthcare practitioners in South Africa
No full textBackground: There is a global increase in Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) prevalence, awareness and its effect on the burden of disease. It is crucial that ASD is recognized and diagnosed timeously for early intervention during the age of high neuroplasticity for optimal outcomes. We do not know if Health Care Practitioners (HCPs) in South Africa working in paediatric departments are able to diagnose and manage these children with complex medical needs. Objectives: This study was done to determine how paediatric HCPs in South Africa screen for, diagnose and manage autism spectrum disorders in both the public and private sector. Paediatric healthcare workers, general practitioners and primary level personnel are typically the first point of contact for family members concerned with ASD traits. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive analytical study design was conducted over a period of 11 months, from 1 March 2020 to 31 January 2021. An in-depth questionnaire was sent out via an electronic platform, namely Chatbot to eligible participants. A random sample of 116 completed questionnaires were captured on Google spreadsheets by Dekode IT Company and used for statistical analysis. Results: The majority of HCPs (70.7%) do not routinely screen children for ASD between 18-24 months as recommended by the American Academy of Paediatrics.10 Common methods used for screening ASD were; milestones, development and occasionally the checklist for Autism (CHAT)/Modified-CHAT. There was lack of knowledge about diagnostic tools used for ASD in 40% of HCPs that made ASD diagnosis. HCPs opted for developmental history, medical examination, unstructured behavioural observation, parental concern and DSM 5 criteria to make the diagnosis, which might under- or overestimate ASD statistics. Following the diagnosis 78.5% of HCPs referred patients to another discipline. Common referrals to speech therapists and occupational therapists for coordinated multidisciplinary assessment were noted. Hearing screen was a frequent investigation undertaken when making the ASD diagnosis. Other investigations occasionally used were CT/MRI, EEG, fragile X and genetic microarray analysis. Of the HCPs that managed ASD patients, less than 25% initiated treatment by prescribing risperidone followed by methylphenidate and valproate respectively. Supplements used were multivitamins, omega acids and Vitamin B6. Barriers to diagnosing and managing ASD identified in this survey were lack of experience, educational resources, referral centers, family support, specialists in the field, therapists, time and parental denial. In 85% of cases a HCP would provide information to the caregiver about autism. Conclusions: HCPs in SA lack knowledge, awareness, and training to diagnose and manage children with ASD. Autism is not screened for routinely or as recommended in practice. There is a lack of knowledge about the diagnostic tools to diagnose ASD. Not all suspected Autism cases were referred for multidisciplinary assessment and a hearing screen. There were multiple barriers contributing to making an early diagnosis of Autism noticed
Genetic variation in South African Diuraphis noxia biotypes
No full textWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important winter and spring crop in South Africa with average dryland yields of 2.5 t/ha, while irrigated wheat yields 5 t/ha. Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov) commonly referred to as the Russian wheat aphid was recorded in 1978 to South Africa and has become a major pest in the wheat industry. It can cause over 80% yield loss in the summer rainfall region if not controlled. There are five described RWA biotypes in SA, namely RWASA1 to RWASA5. We investigated the genetic variation of 24 specimens which are representative of four South African RWA biotypes using three molecular techniques, AFLP, cDNA-AFLP and microsatellites. With AFLP and cDNA-AFLP, we detected variation among specimens within a biotype. The cDNA-AFLP results increased the amount of the variation detected compared to the genomic AFLP results, but it was not sufficient to be linked to a specific biotype. With microsatellites, we were able to detect variation among biotypes and distinguish between them. We were unable to identify markers unique to a biotype. We found evidence that the genetic diversity may be linked to geographic location of the RWA, but further investigation is required to confirm this.Agricultural Research Council-Small GrainNational Research Foundation (NRF
Photoluminescence and structural evaluation of O,O’ and N,N’ bidentate ligands and its Re(I) tricarbonyl complexes
No full textDespite the increase in research efforts, cancer remains amongst the leading causes of death worldwide. The survival rates vary with the type and stage of the tumour, including the sex, age and socioeconomic situation of each patient. Cancer treatment depends on the location, type and stage of the tumour, but the majority of patients undergo chemotherapy either as the main treatment or in combination with surgery or radiotherapy. Over 50 % of tumours are treated with platinum-based drugs alone or co-administered with other chemotherapeutic agents. In the past decades, many organometallic complexes have been confirmed as extremely promising anti-cancer drug candidates. Organometallic complexes provide structural and stereochemical variety, the possibility of rational ligand design and diverse mechanisms of action. The cytotoxicity of organometallic complexes and their potential are also reported in literature. The potential cytotoxicity of rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes are evident from literature. The Rhenium(I) tricarbonyl core possesses intrinsic properties advantageous for the development of novel anti-cancer candidates. Rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes are good luminescence probes with long-lived emission states, high quantum yields, large Stokes shifts and emissions that can be tuned by varying the ligands. One of the aims of this study was to investigate the ability of the synthesized O,O’- bidentate ligands and the chosen N,N’- and O,O’- bidentate ligands to coordinate to the fac-[Re(CO)3]+ core. The chosen ligands include: 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(3-hydroxy-1H-inden-2-yl)ethan-1-one (TIFH), 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(3-hydroxy-1-methyl-1H-inden-2-yl)ethan-1-one (MeTIFH), 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(3-hydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-inden-2-yl)ethan-1-one (PhTIFH), 1,3-bis(3,5-dimethylphenyl)propane-1,3-dione (3,5-DiMePh), 2-methyl-1,3-diphenylpropane-1,3-dione (MeDiPhPr), 2-bromo-1,3-diphenylpropane-1,3-dione (BrDiPhPr), benzoic anhydride (BAHY), 1,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)propane-1,3-dione (4-MeTPh), 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (DiMePy) and 4,4'-dimethoxy-2,2'-bipyridine (DiMeOPy). The ligands and complexes were characterized by IR, UV/Vis and NMR (1H and 13C). Crystal structures of the following were obtained: 4-MeTPh, fac [Re(CO)3(Br)(DiMePy)], fac-[Re(CO)3(Act)(DiMePy)][NO3], fac- [Re(CO)3(NO3)(DiMePy)], fac-[Re(CO)3(Br)(DiMeOPy)], and fac- [Re(CO)3(NO3)(DiMeOPy)]. The lability and mechanism of substitution of the methanol ligands by simple monodentate nucleophiles were investigated by the methanol substitution reaction of fac-[Re(CO)3(MeOH)(DiMePy)]+, fac [Re(CO)3(MeOH)(DiMeOPy)]+, fac- [Re(CO)3(MeOH)(4-MeTPh)], fac-[Re(CO)3(MeOH)(BrDiPhPr)], fac- [Re(CO)3(MeOH)(TIF)] and fac-[Re(CO)3(MeOH)(MeTIF)] with a variety of monodentate ligands (thiourea, sodium thiocyanate, triphenylphosphine or tricyclohexylphosphine and sodium bromide). A variation is seen in the ΔS‡ values, ranging from small negative (-77 ± 4 JK-1mol-1) to small positive (94 ± 8 JK-1mol-1), pointing towards an interchange associative to an interchange dissociative type of activation. A large difference is mostly seen in the two ΔS‡ values, calculated from the Eyring equation and the global fit, emphasizing the large errors in the ΔS‡ values, highlighting the need for high pressure studies to unambiguously determine the mechanism of the reaction. The photoluminescent properties of three ligand systems (TIFH, MeTIFH and PhTIFH) and twenty two Re(I) complexes were determined. The excitation wavelength of the synthesized bidentate ligands range from 534 nm to 650 nm and the emission wavelength range from 595 nm to 740 nm. The excitation wavelength of the Re(I) tricarbonyl complexes range from 285 nm to 705 nm and the emission wavelengths range from 450 nm to 740 nm. The Re(I) tricarbonyl complexes with bomido ligands in the sixth position yield higher quantum yields compared to the other Re(I) tricarbonyl complexes. The photoluminescent behaviour of fac- [Re(CO)3(H2O)(DiMePy)]+ and fac-[Re(CO)3(H2O)(DiMeOPy)]+ were further investigated in solution state. Both complexes were excited at 285 nm and gave rise to a maximum emission peak at 610 nm for fac-[Re(CO)3(H2O)(DiMePy)]+ and 625 nm for fac-[Re(CO)3(H2O)(DiMeOPy)]+. The solution state results (when compared to the solid state results), is red-shifted for both the aqua species; and the longer wavelength is potentially more appropriate for model PDT agents than the solid state results. The ligands and complexes investigated in this study gave good results with maximum excitation and emission wavelengths that are in the recommended range of 534 nm to 705 nm and 595 nm to 740 nm respectively and can potentially be used as PDT agents, which should definitely be investigated further
Teacher identities and mathematics classroom practices in selected primary schools in Lesotho
No full textThe study explored the influence of teacher professional identities on mathematics classroom practices in primary school classrooms in Lesotho. According to literature there is need for more explorations of the relationship between teacher identities and classroom practices. Social Identity Theory (SIT) provided the theoretical framework. Data analysis and interpretation drew concepts from the Mathematical Discourse in Instruction (MDI) framework and related concepts. The study was motivated by reports from earlier studies showing unsatisfactory learner performances in primary school mathematics in Lesotho and the Southern African Development Communities (SADC) region. Another challenge was inadequate performance of teachers in mathematics classrooms amidst efforts to improve performance through, inter alia, curriculum reform. This qualitative study focussed on cases of three teachers with teaching experience in primary school mathematics exceeding 5 years. Data were collected through classroom observations and interviews (pre and post classroom observation). Data analysis derived meaning from patterns, themes, categories and regularities. The findings indicate that teacher professional identities can be linked to teachers’ life experiences. The findings further indicate that teacher professional identities influence mathematics classroom practices, in some unique ways based on factors that include subject matter knowledge, classroom environment and school context. The study recommends that the design and implementation of pre-service teacher training and in-service professional development programmes should be informed by research on teacher professional identities, because teacher identities influence meaningful classroom experiences. Teacher training and Continuing Professional Development (CPD) needs to strengthen strategies of equipping teacher trainees with content and related pedagogical knowledge and skills to build their confidence in teaching mathematics or numeracy across the primary school grades
Utilisation of order processing technology for logistics process improvement in the Nigerian construction industry
No full textThe logistic technologies for effective and efficient ‘order processing operations’ in the areas of tracking, shipping, replenishment, dispatching and holding of inventory are deficient in the Nigerian construction industry, when compared to manufacturing and retailing sectors. This is confirmed to have a significant effect on the performance of the construction sector. This article assessed how order processing technology utilised by manufacturing and retail industries could improve the order processing logistics operations of the construction industry. Lagos State and the F.C.T. Abuja, Nigeria, were the selected geographical study areas, from which five manufacturing companies, five retailing companies and five construction projects were purposively selected. Mixed methods research strategy was used. The research instruments included an observation guide (quantitative) and semi-structured interviews (qualitative). The collected quantitative data was analysed, using descriptive analytical tools: frequencies and percentiles. The qualitative data was analysed, using the thematic method. The result revealed that 80% and 100% of the manufacturing and retailing industries, respectively, observed, adopted barcoding technology for order processing purposes. Only 40% of the observed construction project adopted barcoding technology for order processing in the following: 2.4% for receiving process; 0.9% for put-away process; 0.9% for shipping process (stock control); 1.2% for dispatching process; 0.6% for replenishment process, and 1.2% for tracking inventory (stock tracking). In addition, 100% and 80% of the manufacturing and retailing industries, respectively, observed, adopted Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology for order processing purposes. Only 40% of the observed construction projects adopted RFID technology for order processing. It was also revealed that utilisation of the order processing technology could have the following benefits: managerial control in the construction industry; shorter processing time; easy way of tracking materials on site, and increased speed of work in the construction industries. The research concludes that effective utilisation of order processing technology in the logistics system could lead to full efficiency gains in the order processing aspect of the construction industry. It is recommended that the Federal Government of Nigeria should mandate all major construction project stakeholders to attend workshops on the use of recent technologies in the management of construction operations.Publisher's versio
The experiences of work family issues amongst women entrepreneurs in Lesotho
No full textWomen in Lesotho are increasingly becoming empowered and this is proven by the increase in the number of women opening and managing small businesses. On the other hand, societal expectations in Lesotho place household and childcare responsibilities on women. This becomes a challenge of balancing the work and family issues of women who own businesses in Lesotho. The challenges, causes as well as the effects of work family issues on the success of businesses owned by women have been studied, offering substantial knowledge to researchers about women entrepreneurs and their businesses. However, there is limited research on the impact of work family issues and how they affect the success of women in business therefore, more studies need to be conducted in countries such as Lesotho. Given that family has a huge influence on women entrepreneurs, the success or failure of their businesses may occur when there is an imbalance of work family issues (i.e. work family conflict, work family enrichment, and family support). This study primarily aimed to assess the experiences of work family issues and the impact they have on the success of women who own businesses in Lesotho. This study argues that knowledge about the intricacies of how the family and work domains interact for women entrepreneurs in Lesotho is still very scarce. Therefore, examining in-depth the experiences of women entrepreneurs in Lesotho, the present study did not only enhance the existing literature by providing evidence from a new context but also unearthed some of these intricacies to show how support, enrichment, and conflict co-exist. The findings of the study are vital in shedding light on how to improve the success of women who own businesses in Lesotho and other developing and developed countries. This is particularly important as empowering women entrepreneurs and enhancing their success is important for sustainable economic development. A qualitative research method was used to study the experiences of work family issues and how they affect the success of women entrepreneurs in Lesotho. 30 in-depth semi structured interviews were used to collect data from women who own businesses in the three districts of Lesotho (Leribe, Maseru, and Mafeteng). Results of this study showed that: • Women entrepreneurs established their businesses because of the push, pull, and mixed factors. The pull factors included: passion, family background and role models, low cost of entry, and copreneurship. Push factors included: hunger and poverty reduction and unemployment while autonomy was the only mixed factor identified. • Women entrepreneurs experienced all three types of conflict (i.e. time based, strain based, and behaviour based) from their families and businesses. The time based conflict in the work domain was experienced through long working hours while the time based conflict in the family domain was caused by household work. With the strain based conflict, women struggled to fulfill household responsibilities due to fatigue caused by the workload in their businesses. The behaviour based conflict was characterised by trust issues that developed in the business. There was a lack of trust that women entrepreneurs developed in their businesses which affected their families as they could no longer trust their families on anything. As a result, this could lead to conflict in their families. • Findings on the consequences of work-to-family/family-to-work conflict revealed that the family activities of women entrepreneurs led to negative relationships with their families. In the work domain, the work responsibilities of women who own businesses negatively affected their relationships with their employees, led to the loss of income in their businesses, resulted in a decrease in productivity levels in their businesses, and also resulted in business exit intentions.
• The challenges that women entrepreneurs in Lesotho encountered included: business expense, employee theft, and competitive strategy as well as credit sale strategies. • Women entrepreneurs experienced both the instrumental and the affective work family enrichment from their families and businesses. Instrumental enrichment in the work domain was experienced through gaining patience, decision making abilities, creativity, and humility. In the family domain, instrumental enrichment was characterised by creativity which women entrepreneurs used to improve their businesses. Looking at the affective enrichment, happiness experienced in the business enabled women to portray happiness in their families as well. Looking at the consequences of work-to-family/family-to-work enrichment, being in business resulted in the organisational commitment of women entrepreneurs. • Women entrepreneurs received different types of support (i.e. financial and non-financial, emotional and instrumental) from their families and friends. • The work life balance strategies that women entrepreneurs used were grouped into segmentation, integration, and mixed work life balance strategies. The integration strategies consisted of communication and work flexibility while household management was the only segmentation strategy used. The mixed work life balance strategies include delegating and time management. • The factors of success identified by women entrepreneurs included hardwork and financial literacy. The perceptions of success in women entrepreneurs include growth, satisfaction, financial performance, and provision of family or community needs. Moreover, this study makes the following recommendations: • First of all, participants in this study experienced employee theft. Therefore, this study recommends that policies have to be put in place that would help regulate and reduce the effect of employee theft on businesses. • Business expenses were also found to negatively affect success and the family. As a result, women entrepreneurs can opt to operate their businesses from home to reduce operating costs which include the cost of traveling to work, office rent, and other costs related to non-home-based business. • Moreover, women entrepreneurs also had trust issues that developed in their businesses and were transferred into their families. As a result, this study recommends that entrepreneurs in Lesotho learn to effectively separate the behaviour portrayed in business from the behaviour portrayed in their families. The issues that arise in one domain (business) must be left in business and not be carried over into another domain (family). • Participants in this study struggled to recover from the fatigue they experienced from their businesses which made it difficult for them to handle their children. Therefore, this study recommends that women entrepreneurs in Lesotho practice self-care habits such as taking naps after work to regain their strength so that they can give their children the attention they need. Getting enough sleep will uplift their mood, increased creativity, and productivity levels which will lead to the success of their businesses.UFS Post Graduate Schoo
Quantile regression analysis of modifiable and non-modifiable predictors of stroke among adults in South Africa
No full textBackground:
Stroke is the second largest cause of mortality and long-term disability in South Africa (SA). Stroke is a multifactorial disease regulated by modifiable and non-modifiable predictors. Little is known about the stroke predictors in SA, particularly modifiable and non-modifiable. Identification of stroke predictors using appropriate statistical methods can help formulate appropriate health programs and policies aimed at reducing the stroke burden. This study aims to address important gaps in stroke literature i.e., identifying and quantifying stroke predictors through quantile regression analysis.
Methods:
A cross-sectional hospital-based study was used to identify and quantify stroke predictors in SA using 35730 individual patient data retrieved from selected private and public hospitals between January 2014 and December 2018. Ordinary logistic regression models often miss critical aspects of the relationship that may exist between stroke and its predictors. Quantile regression analysis was used to model the effects of each predictor on stroke distribution.
Results:
Of the 35730 cases of stroke, 22183 were diabetic. The dominant stroke predictors were diabetes, hypertension, heart problems, the female gender, higher age groups and black race. The age group 55-75 years, female gender and black race, had a bigger effect on stroke distribution at the lower upper quantiles. Diabetes, hypertension and cholesterol showed a significant impact on stroke distribution (p < 0.0001).
Conclusion:
Most strokes are attributable to modifiable factors. Study findings will be used to raise awareness of modifiable predictors to prevent strokes. Regular screening and treatment are recommended for high-risk individuals with identified predictors in SA.Publisher's versio