Kochi University of Technology Academic Resource Repository

塩田, 貫晴

残留応力軽減のためのC FRP積層板のスマート成形技術 に関する研究

田中, 秀平

CNFを付着させたガラス繊維で強化した GFRPのモードI疲労き裂伝ぱ挙動

吉川, 友佑

航空機の運航効率向上に向けた 直接運航経費の傾向分析

橋爪, 見奈

大気圏突入模擬環境における 高解像度/広波長域分光系を用いた プローブヘッドオン分光計測

今井, 真奈美

CES埋込み柱脚の耐力評価法に関する研究

松坂, 拓海

セルフタイム型データ駆動プロセッサ搭載FPGAボードの電力推定法

遠藤, 瞳

非平衡相共存系における局所平衡の破綻とその検証

高知工科大学博士（学術）doctoral thesi

Annisa Indah Reza

論 文 内 容 の 要 旨 
 
The chemical and physical properties of organic molecules are always influenced 
by a series of steric rules (steric effect) besides electronic effects. In a modest 
implementation of valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory, the 
geometric shape of the sp3 hybridized carbon node is normalized as a tetrahedral, 
following how much electron repulsion from hydrogen as substituents can be 
minimized. When substituents in a molecule, either atoms or groups of atoms, are at 
proximate distances, the repulsion force and consequences become more intense, 
disturbing the energetically minimized bond angles. Eventually, the steric effect 
determines not only molecular shapes but also molecular conformation, 
stereochemistry, and potential reaction preferences, as it influences physical and 
chemical properties even without electronic influences.  
Six-membered aromatic rings, such as benzene, are well-known for their 
aromaticity features, such as rigidity, planarity, structural simplicity, low 
stereochemical diversity, and high stability. Therefore, a tremendous amount of 
research has been devoted to modifying the aromatic frameworks resulting in more 
complex structures. For this purpose, activating the aromatic ring accompanied by 
de-aromatization is a key step. While the most used approach is an electronic 
activation, limited efforts have been made to study de-aromatization related to non-
electronic force in highly strained molecules; however, synthesis of such compound 
is not easily achieved. Instead, when a sterically demanding group is introduced in 
an aromatic ring, out-of-plane deformation may distort aromaticity, generating new 
physical and chemical properties that can be quantified and evaluated, which is one 
of the still challenging projects. 
In the present work, I focused on the steric repulsion between the peri-
substituents. The peri-substituents possess a greater proximity distance than 
the ortho-position, which are located parallelly. Hence, increasing the bulkiness of 
peri-substituents becomes the modest technique for ring distortion, resulting in 
a non-electronic activation of the aromatic ring.  
In the first case, some horizontal and vertical distortions occurred when the 1,8-
dimethylnaphthalene framework was adjusted with a bulky bromo atom. As the 
bulkiness increased, the vertical distortion by torsion angle was prominently 
detected over horizontal ones, including elongation and suppression of bond length 
corresponding to that steric interaction (Figure 1). Despite the change in geometrical 
features, reactivity evaluation under nitration and hydrogenation reaction was 
likely not correlated to the experienced ring deformation of each evaluated 
naphthalene derivative.  
 
Figure 1. Three observed types of distortion of the naphthalene ring. 
 
To further extend the concept of peri-interaction into the three-ring aromatic 
system of anthracene, the 9-substituted 1,8-dichloroanthracene framework was 
selected. An intense repulsion with the two chloro atoms created geometrical 
distortions of the central ring by embedding bulkier substituents at the 9-position. 
As a result, the strain released by steric repulsion in a series of 1,8,9-substituted 
anthracenes gave massive elevated out-plane deformation along with horizontal 
distortions. In addition, the reactivity test showed a linear increase that resembled 
the degree of vertical distortions, emphasizing the initial proposition where 
geometrical deformation influenced de-aromaticity. The results indicated that steric 
repulsion between crowded 1,8,9-substituents disrupts the coplanarity of the central 
ring of anthracene, reducing its aromaticity and leading to the creation of more 
activated compounds compared to 1,8,10-substituted anthracenes (Figure 2). 
 
Figure 2. Three observed types of distortion of the anthracene ring. 
 


English

Evaluation of Steric Repulsion at peri Positions as Non Electronic Activation on Aromatic Rings

高知工科大学博士（工学）doctoral thesi

大石, 脩人

Japanese

イオン照射に伴う格子欠陥生成とスパッタリングに 起因する半導体材料の表面構造形成

Kritsada Khun-anod

論 文 内 容 の 要 旨 
 
 Safety officers have been underlined as key individuals in the implementation of 
safety programs at construction sites. However, previous research mentioned that 
some project managers predominantly focus on other aspects, such as the 
productivity of construction and the management of time and cost. Such emphases 
may potentially demotivate safety officers from fully engaging in safety initiatives 
for construction projects. Moreover, scholars have devoted piecemeal discussions to 
the motivation of such practitioners. This research aimed to examine two major 
concepts: (1) the development of a conceptual paradigm that captures the actual 
situation between project managers and safety officers, and (2) the relationship 
between safety satisfaction and Total Recordable Accident Rate (TRIR), along with 
their relevant process.  
For the first concept (CHAPTER 1), four constructs were extensively examined: 
(1) autonomy-oriented support from project managers; (2) the motivation of safety 
officers; (3) the engagement of safety officers in safety programs (covering four 
major categories of safety-related tasks); and (4) safety performance. From August 
to September 2022, valid data from 195 safety officers working in construction 
projects were considered, after which the proposed paradigm was analyzed via 
structural equation modelling. The results showed that the autonomous motivation 
of safety officers was activated by autonomy-oriented support from project 
managers (β = 0.520, sig. = 0.000). Such motivation significantly affected their 
safety performance (β = 0.231, sig. = 0.007) and levels of engagement with safety 
initiatives (β = 0.529, sig. = 0.000). These findings indicate that in the 
implementation of safety programs, the autonomous motivation of safety officers 
serves as the engine, while autonomy-oriented support from project managers 
functions as the ignition key. Policymakers in construction companies can use the 
results as a reference for decision-making on initiating safety policy that highlights 
methods of training project managers in supporting safety officers.  
Regarding the second concept (CHAPTER 2), to expand our understanding of the 
context, three objectives were examined as follows: (1) to analyze the relationship 
between safety satisfaction and total recordable accident rate (TRIR), (2) to identify 
the process of occurring safety satisfaction, and (3) to identify the process of 
occurring TRIR. Self-determination theory, a universally accepted motivational 
model, was utilized to simplify the complex adaptive system by emphasizing an 
integral role of two major involved parties, project managers as a leader and safety 
personals as a key follower. The results revealed that there is a low level of 
association between safety satisfaction and TRIR in the current safety practice. 
Variables covering “autonomy-oriented support from project manager”, 
“motivational level of safety personals”, and “engagement of safety personals” are 
proved to potentially influence safety satisfaction while precisely and accurately 
predicting TRIR may involve complex system not only those used to predict safety 
satisfaction but also other particular aspects like how well uncertainty and safety-
related conflicts are managed. Paying an attention to improving the capability of 
safety personals is recommended in initiating construction projects such as 
providing sufficient support for safety personals to create a good working 
environment, and arranging extra training program for safety personals to 
effectively deal with uncertainty and unfamiliar risks.  
 
Keywords: autonomous motivation; self-determination theory; safety management; 
safety performance; total recordable incident rate; satisfaction toward safety 


An Investigation of Autonomous Motivation of Safety Officers in Construction Sites

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残留応力軽減のためのC FRP積層板のスマート成形技術に関する研究

CNFを付着させたガラス繊維で強化した GFRPのモードI疲労き裂伝ぱ挙動

航空機の運航効率向上に向けた直接運航経費の傾向分析

大気圏突入模擬環境における高解像度/広波長域分光系を用いたプローブヘッドオン分光計測

CES埋込み柱脚の耐力評価法に関する研究

セルフタイム型データ駆動プロセッサ搭載FPGAボードの電力推定法

非平衡相共存系における局所平衡の破綻とその検証

Evaluation of Steric Repulsion at peri Positions as Non Electronic Activation on Aromatic Rings

イオン照射に伴う格子欠陥生成とスパッタリングに起因する半導体材料の表面構造形成

An Investigation of Autonomous Motivation of Safety Officers in Construction Sites

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