Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages
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Response of fodder maize (Zea mays L.) to levels of nitrogen, zinc and seed rate under temperate conditions
No full textA field experiment was conducted at Research Farm, Division of Agronomy, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir during Kharif 2009 and 2010 on silty clay loam soil, low in available nitrogen and zinc, medium in available phosphorus and potassium with neutral pH, to study the response of fodder maize to levels of nitrogen, seed rate and zinc. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three nitrogen levels (N1-60 kg ha-1, N2-90 kg ha-1 and N3-120 kg ha-1), three seed rates (S1-40 kg ha-1, S2-60 kg ha-1 and S3-80 kg ha-1) and two zinc levels (Z1-0 kg ha-1 and Z2-10 kg ha-1), replicated thrice. The plots were given uniform recommended dose of phosphorus and potassium @ of 60 and 30 kg P2O5 and K2O ha-1, respectively, during both seasons.
Application of 120 kg N ha-1 significantly increased the plant height, leaf area index, dry matter production, chlorophyll content and number of functional leaves plant-1 at different crop growth periods of fodder maize during both years of experimentation. Stem diameter showed significant and consistent increase, whereas leaf stem ratio recorded consistent decrease with increase in nitrogen application from 60 to 120 kg ha-1. Both green and dry fodder yield as well as mean dry fodder yield over two years, nitrogen and zinc content and their uptake recorded significant increase with increase in levels of nitrogen up to 120 kg ha-1. Crude protein content showed significant increase, whereas, crude fiber content showed significant and consistent decrease up to 120 kg N ha-1 and crude fiber recorded with 60 and 90 kg N ha-1, being statistically at par, was significantly higher than 120 kg N ha-1 during both years. Calcium content recorded with 90 and 120 kg N ha-1, being at par, was significantly higher than 60 kg N ha-1, whereas, ash content increased significantly and consistently with increase in nitrogen from 60 to 120 kg N ha-1.
At different crop growth stages, seed rate 80 and 60 kg ha-1, at par with one another significantly increased plant height and dry matter, whereas, Leaf area index increased significantly and consistently up to 80 kg ha-1. Chlorophyll content and number of
functional leaves plant-1 remained unaffected by different seed rates during both years of experimentation. Stem diameter recorded significant and consistent decrease with increase in seed rate up to 80 kg ha-1, whereas leaf stem ratio decreased significantly with increase in seed rate from 40 to 60 kg ha-1. Increased seed rate significantly increased green fodder yield, whereas, dry fodder yield and its mean yield over two years recorded with 60 and 80 kg seed rate ha-1 being at par, was significantly higher than 40 kg seed rate ha-1. Nitrogen and zinc content in the plant remained unaffected by different seed rates, however, nitrogen and zinc uptake recorded with 60 and 80 kg seed rate ha-1 were similar but statistically higher over 40 kg seed rate ha-1. Crude protein content was unaffected by different seed rates, whereas its yield recorded with 60 and 80 kg seed rate ha-1was statistically higher over 40 kg seed rate ha-1. Crude fiber content decreased significantly and consistently with increase in seed rates from 40 to 60 kg ha-1, whereas, its yield recorded with 40 and 60 kg seed rate ha-1 was statistically similar but significantly lower over 80 kg seed rate ha-1. Calcium content remained unaffected with different seed rates, whereas ash content of fodder decreased significantly with increase in seed rate from 40 to 80 kg ha-1.
Zinc application at 10 kg ha-1 significantly increased the plant height, leaf area index, dry matter production, chlorophyll content and number of functional leaves plant-1 over no zinc application at all crop growth stages. Stem diameter, leaf-stem ratio, green and dry fodder yield also increased significantly with zinc application @ 10 kg ha-1, during both years of study. Significantly higher nitrogen and zinc content; their uptake, crude protein content, its yield, calcium and ash content was recorded with application of zinc than no zinc application, whereas crude fiber content and yield was significantly lower at 10 kg Zn ha-1.
Available nitrogen in the soil after crop harvest during both years ranged from 261.6 to 262.6 and 261.3 to 262.1 kg ha-1, respectively, which was lower than initial nitrogen content of 265.31 and 265.8 kg ha-1, thus available nitrogen balance in soil after crop harvests was negative. Available zinc in the soil after crop harvest during 2009 and 2010 ranged from 0.53 to 0.58 and 0.53 to 0.59 ppm, respectively as against initial zinc balance of 0.51 ppm during 2009 and 0.54 ppm during 2010. As such there was a positive balance of zinc in the soil after crop harvest in two years.
Highest gross and net returns were realized with treatment combination N120S80Z10, whereas, benefit-cost ratio was highest with treatment combination N120S60Z10 and N120S80Z10 during both years.
Thus, the results of the study lead to conclusion that for realizing higher yield and quality of fodder maize under temperate conditions, the nutrient management must centre around 120 kg N and 10 kg Zn ha-1 with a seed rate of 80 kg ha-1, along with recommended dose of phosphorus (60 kg ha-1) and potassium (30 kg ha-1)
Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management for Soybean (Glycine max L.) under Temperate Conditions
No full textA field experiment was conducted at KVK, Srinagar during two consecutive kharif seasons of 2008-09 and 2009-10 to study the “Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management for Soybean (Glycine max L.) Under Temperate Conditions”. The experiment was laid out under 18 treatment combinations viz., three levels of recommended inorganic fertilizers (50, 75 and 100% RD), three levels of organic manures (control, FYM 10 t ha-1 and Dalweed 10 t ha-1) and two levels of biofertilizers (control and dual inoculation with Rhizobium + PSB) in randomised complete block design with three replications. The results revealed that grain and straw yield increased significantly with increase in the recommended inorganic levels. Application of FYM @ 10 t ha-1 showed significantly superior results over other organic treatments. Dual inoculation with Rhizobium and PSB showed significantly superior results over no inoculation. Yield attributing characters viz. 100-seed weight and number of nodules showed significant increase with increasing levels of recommended inorganic fertilizers. Application of 75% recommended inorganic fertilizer level showed highest 100-seed weight over other levels. Organic fertilizers also showed significantly superior results. Among organics, FYM (10 t ha-1) was found superior than Dalweed (10 t ha-1) for yield attributes. Seed quality also improved with application of increased recommended inorganic fertilizers. Oil and lysine content was found superior with application of 75% recommended inorganic fertilizers over other levels. Among organics FYM (10 t ha-1) yielded significantly superior results for seed quality than Dalweed (10 t ha-1). Dual inoculation with Rhizobium + PSB showed significantly superior seed quality over control.
The plant analysis showed significant increase in major nutrients (N, P and K) content in straw with applications of recommended inorganic fertilizers. Among organics, FYM (10 t ha-1) showed significantly superior results over Dalweed (10 t ha-1). Dual inoculation also showed significantly superior results for major nutrient contents over control. Secondary nutrients (Ca, Mg) increased significantly by application of recommended inorganic fertilisers. FYM (10 t ha-1) was found significantly superior over other treatments. Similarly, Dual inoculation of Rhizobium + PSB yielded significant results over control. Plant analysis after harvest of crop also showed that recommended inorganic fertilizers alongwith organic manures yielded significant results for micro-nutrients cations (Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu). Among organics, FYM (10 t ha-1) was found superior. Dual inoculation also showed significantly superior results for micro-nutrients over control.
Application of recommended inorganic fertilisers significantly increased the P-fractions (Fe-P Al-P and Ca-P) and available N, P and K content of the post harvest soil. Application of FYM/Dalweed (10 t ha-1) significantly increased various P-fractions (Fe-P, Al-P and Ca-P) and also available N, P and K of the post harvest soil. Although the dual inoculation with Rhizobium + PSB showed significant increase in available N and P but was non-significant for available K. Dual inoculation also showed significant increase in P-fractions (Fe-P, Al-P and Ca-P) over control. The secondary and micro-nutrients of post harvest soil were also increased with application of recommended inorganic fertilizers except for iron and copper which were found statistically non-significant. Application of FYM/Dalweed (10 t ha-1) was found significantly superior for both secondary nutrients (Ca, Mg and S) as well as micro-nutrient contents (Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu). Dual inoculation with Rhizobium + PSB was found significantly superior over control for both secondary as well as micro-nutrients.
Soil physical properties were enhanced by application of recommended inorganic fertilisers except for bulk density. Organic manures also enhanced the physical properties of the soil. Among organic, FYM (10 t ha-1) was found superior over Dalweed (10 t ha-1). Dual inoculation with Rhizobium + PSB also showed significantly superior results in improved soil physical properties over no-inoculation
Assosation of the XRCC1 gene polymorhism with breast cancer risk in Kashmiri patients
No full textX ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) plays an important role in base
excision and single-strand break repair, as a scaffold protein that brings together proteins
of the DNA repair complex, and appears to be a candidate for cancer risk. A common
polymorphism (Arg→Gln) at codon 399 of the XRCC1 gene has been previously linked
to functional changes of the gene product and risk of cancers. However, studies on the
association between polymorphisms in this protein and cancer have yielded conflicting
results. We evaluated the association between XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism and
breast cancer risk in the Kashmiri patients. Our study included total of 142 female
subjects. In our case control study we genotyped 70 breast cancer (BC) patients and 72
controls for XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphisms by PCR RLFP technique.. It was found
22.8%of cases and 37.5%were homozygous for variant genotype with odd ratio OR 0.48
CI (0.18-1.25); P = 0.13 for Gln/Gln and OR=1.01 CI = (0.42-1.49); P= 0.985 for
Arg/Gln. However OR was insignificant. It was observed that OR associated with
Gln/Gln genotype are not modified for either above or below 45 years age (OR=0.72; CI
= 0.18-2.74), (OR=0.28; 95% CI=0.06-1.20), however these results were statistically
insignificant. Similar observation was found with respect to menopausal status
(postmenopausal women OR=0.85; CI=0.19-3.72), (premenopausal women OR=0.35;
CI= 0.09-0.29) as none of association reached statistical significance. Thus we did not
find any association between Arg399Gln polymorphism and breast cancer risk among
both pre-and post menopausal women
Financial Performance of Insurance Industry in Post Liberalisation Era in India
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Association of a Chromosomal Susceptibility Locus to Bipolar Affective Disorder (BPAD): A case-control study in Kashmir
Get PDFThe etiology of bipolar disorder (BPAD) is still unknown, but family, twin, and adoption studies strongly suggest the involvement of genetic risk factors. Linkage studies have revealed a number of loci to be linked with BPAD. Of those, several investigators confirmed 18p11 as one of the susceptibility loci for BPAD. Thus, chromosome 18p11 is one of the targets of the genetic association study of BPAD. The aim of our study was to investigate whether the tandem repeat polymorphism in D18S452 microsatellite marker at locus 18p11.2 is a risk factor for the development of BPAD in Kashmiri population. The repeat polymorphism in D18S452 was evaluated in 74 patients with BPAD and 74 control (age, sex and region matched) individuals. The repeat polymorphism was evaluated by PCR analysis of DNA obtained from the blood of the subjects. We observed that the tandem repeat (300bp*) allele frequency was found to be 1.35 % in the controls and 8.108% in cases. The tandem repeat (250bp*) allele frequency was found to be in 91.89% in cases and 98.65% in controls. The 252bp/252bp genotype was found to be present in 89.18% of the cases and 98.64% of the controls, the 300bp/300bp genotype in 5.40% of cases and 1.35% of controls and the 252bp/300bp variant in 5.40% of the cases and none among the controls. It was observed that although the proportion of patients homozygous for the tandem repeat (300bp/300bp) was higher in cases than in controls, the difference was not statistically significant when using 252bp/252bp genotype as a reference (OR= 4.4242; 95% CI, 0.4822-40.5924); P = 0.1529). However, it was observed that the frequency of the heterozygous genotype (252bp/300bp) when compared with 252bp/252bp showed statistical significance (OR=8.0603; 95% CI, 1.1112-58.4646; P = 0.0383).
Chromosome 18 harbors many candidate genes that are involved in the pathophysiology of BPAD. It may be possible that this marker is directly or indirectly involved in the regulation of neighboring genes. It is also possible that this locus may be in linkage disequilibrium with other genes. Although, this is the first study reporting the association of the marker D18S452 in heterozygous condition (252bp/300bp) with BPAD. Yet, it would be too early to associate this genotype with the predisposition to BPAD. Therefore, further studies with larger sample size should be carried to validate the result, taking into account the various disease phenotypes, endophenotypes and environmental conditions
اردو مہں ترقی پسند تحرہک کی ادبی دہن - عذہز احمد' سردار جعفری اورخلہل الرحمان اعظمی کے حوالے سے
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Biodiversity and Ecology of some Adenophoreans (Dorylaimida: Longidoroidea) Associated with Apple (Malus domestica Borkh) in Baramulla, Kashmir
No full textStudies were carried out at R.R.S. and F.O.A. Wadura during 2008 and 2009 to investigate the status of plant parasitic Adenophoreans on apple locality wise in district Baramulla, to study the horizontal distribution of important adenophoreans around apple trees, their seasonal fluctuation and to record the report of known and new species (if any) and the observations revealed the following important information. Among the various identified plant parasitic Adenophoreans, the most important Adenophoreans were found as Xiphinema insigne, X. index and Longidorus elongatus in all the localities each with 100 per cent frequency. These ranked as 1st, 2nd and 3rd with average population range as 66.67 to 73.52, 43.03 to 50.37 and 37.50 to 44.84/250 cc soil at 95 per cent confidence interval and simultaneously their importance value in the district were found as 46.67, 45.28 and 38.68, respectively and other Adenophoreans were also present but with less frequency. For the management of these important Adenophoreans at various horizontal distances from the base of 25 to 30 year aged trees, the root area between 90 and 135 cm was found most susceptible to these three important recorded Adenophoreans followed by susceptible distances at 180,45 and beyond 180 cm at horizontal level respectively. Vertically the region at the depth of 0 to 30 cm between 90 to 135 cm horizontal distance was found more susceptible than the region vertically between 31 to 45 cm and less population was found beyond 46 cm depth during summer 2008 but during autumn 2008, the population of these three important Adenophoreans in the region between 31 to 45 cm was nearly at par with the population of same found in the region between 0 to 30 cm depth. Similarly enough population of X. insigne, X. index and L. elongatus was found in neglected apple orchards (150.50, 95.00 and 79.75) followed by their populations in undisturbed orchards (135.00, 83.75 and 52.50) and (131.25, 74.25 and 42.25) were found in disturbed orchards, respectively.
The population of the three most important Adenophoreans on seasonal basis was found increasing from May (2008) onwards with the rise of temperature above 26.1 oC at R.H. (052-084) till August at 30.4 oC and after that population started diminishing from September at below 27.6 oC at (068-092). The population decreased continuously with the decrease in temperature during 2008 and the same pattern was found during the year 2009. Among the eight species of plant parasitic Adenophoreans, X. insigne, X. ammericanum, X. index and X. baisiri are already known species in Kashmir valley on apple, roses, strawberry and from irrigation water while as X. diversicaudatum, L. elongatus, L. mirus and L. brevicaudatus are new records from apple trees of Kashmir, India. The study concludes with the findings that adenophoreans are cosmopolitan in apple at orchards of Baramulla district of Kashmir valley
