Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages
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Modeling of Security Measurement (Metrics) in an Information System
Get PDFSecurity metrics and measurement is a sub-field of broader information security field. This field
is not new but it got very least and sporadic attention as a result of which it is still in its early
stages. The measurement and evaluation of security now became a long standing challenge to the
research community. Much of the focus remained towards devising and the application of new
and updated protection mechanisms. Measurements in general act as a driving force in decision
making. As stated by Lord Kelvin “if you cannot measure it then you cannot improve it”. This
principle is also applicable to security measurement of information systems. Even if the
necessary and required protection mechanisms are in place still the level of security remains
unknown, which limits the decision making capabilities to improve the security of a system.
With the increasing reliance on these information systems in general and software systems in
particular security measurement has become the most pressing requirement in order to promote
and develop the security critical systems in the current networked environment. The resultant
indicators of security measurement preferably the quantative indicators act as a basis for the
decision making to enhance the security of overall system.
The information systems are comprised of various components such as people, hardware, data,
network and software. With the fast growing reliance on the software systems, the research
reported in this thesis aims to provide a framework using mathematical modeling techniques for
evaluation of security of the software systems at the architectural and design phase of the system
lifecycle and the derived security metrics on a controlled scale from the proposed framework.
The proposed security evaluation framework is independent of the programing language and the
platform used in developing the system and also is applicable from small desktop application to
large complex distributed software. The validation process of security metrics is the most
challenging part of the security metrics field. In this thesis we have conducted the exploratory
empirical evaluation on a running system to validate the derived security metrics and the
measurement results. To make the task easy we have transformed the proposed security evaluation into algorithmic form which increased the applicability of the proposed framework
without requiring any expert security knowledge.
The motivation of the research is to provide the software development team with a tool to
evaluate the level of security of each of the element of the system and the overall system at the
early development stages of the system life cycle. In this regard three question “What is to be
measured?”, “where (in the system life cycle) to measure?” and “how to measure?” have been
answered in the thesis.
Since the field of security metrics and measurements is still in the its early stages, the first part of
the thesis investigates and analyzes the basic terminologies , taxonomies and major efforts made
towards security metrics based on the literature survey.
Answering the second question “Where (in the system life cycle) to measure security”, the
second part of the thesis analyzes the secure software development processes (SSDPs) followed
and identifies the key stages of the system’s life cycle where the evaluation of security is
necessary.
Answering the question 1 and 2, “What is to be measured “and “How to measure”, third part of
the thesis presents a security evaluation framework aimed at the software architecture and design
phase using mathematical modeling techniques. In the proposed framework, the component
based architecture and design (CBAD) using UML 2.0 component modeling techniques has been
adopted. Further in part 3 of the thesis present the empirical evaluation of the proposed
framework to validate and analyze the applicability and feasibility of the proposed security
metrics. Our effort is to get the focus of the software development community to focus on the
security evaluation in the software development process in order to take the early decisions
regarding the security of the overall system
Comparative Analysis of Different Types of Bacterial Colonies from the Soils of Yusmarg Forest, Kashmir valley India
Get PDFImpact of Stratification on Nutrient Concentration in Manasbal Lake, Kashmir
Get PDFThe valley of Kashmir has a number of water bodies spread over its length and breadth. While most of them are very shallow and hence do not show any permanent stratification phenomenon, some have been reported to stratify. Lake Manasbal (34o14’40’’– 34o15’20’’N and 74o39’00’’– 74o41’20’’E and 1583 m amsl) has been reported to be the only warm monomictic lake in the valley (Hutchinson, 1957). The water body has been found to stratify during March – November/December and circulate for the brief period of December – February. The lake has been an important tourist spot, besides being a source of commercial fishing, and a number of economically important plants. Keeping in view, the economic and ecological importance of the lake, it was decided to have an insight into the process of thermal stratification in this water body and assess the impact of the thermal stratification on the nutrient distribution in it. The data collected during the year- long study are presented in the form of the present M.Phil. dissertation
Seasonal Variation in the Protein content of Muscle of Schizothorax niger and Schizothorax esocinus
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Gene Polymorphism Of Cyp1a1/Cyp2d6 And Their Association With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (All) In Kashmiri Children
Get PDFAcute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a type of cancer that affects immature
lymphocytes developing in the bone marrow. Genetic susceptibility to leukemias can
be related to the polymorphisms in CYP2D6 and CYP1A1 genes and consistent with
this paradigm several polymorphisms have been identified in the pathogenesis of
lymphoid malignancies.CYP2D6 and CYP1A1- the member of the cytochrome P450
mixed-function oxidase system, are the most important enzymes involved in the
metabolism of various drugs in the body. To determine whether these genes played a
similar role in childhood leukemogenesis in the Kashmiri children, we compared the
allele frequencies of 120 childhood ALL patients and 110 controls for the CYP1A1
and CYP2D6 genes. Genotyping was done by PCR-RFLP technique and results were
validated by direct sequencing of the PCR products. We observed that the CYP2D6
(G) allele frequency was 97.27% in the controls and 45% in cases and CYP2D6 (A)
allele frequency was 2.72% in the controls and 55% in cases. While as in case of
CYP1A1 the frequency of CYP1A1 (T) allele was 88.75% in the controls and 83.88%
in cases and CYP1A1 (C) allele frequency was 11.25% in controls and 16.66% in
cases. This difference in frequency was found to be statistically insignificant with a
P>0.05. The CYP2D6 wild genotype frequency was found to be present in 33.33% of
the cases and 96.36% of the controls, the hetero variant in 23.33% of the cases and
1.82% of controls, and the mutant genotype in 43.33% of cases and 1.82% of
controls. While as in case of CYP1A1, the wild genotype was found to be present in
70.83% of cases and 85.45% in controls, the hetero genotype in 25% of the cases and
22.73% of controls and the mutant was found to be present in 4.17% of the cases and
0.9% of controls. We observed that an increased risk associated with CYP2D6 Mutant
genotype 43.33% (OR = 68.90, 95% CI, 16.02-296.3; P = <0.0001 ) and Wild
genotype 33.33% and low with hetero genotype 23.33% of CYP2D6 as compared to
the controls and also increased risk is associated with CYP1A1 wild (T/T) genotype
70.83 % and hetero 25% (OR 1.33, 95% CI, 0.72- 2.43; P = 0.44) and low in case of
mutant (C/C) genotype 4.17% ( OR = 5.53, CI 95% 0.63-48.31, P = 0.19) as
compared to the controls. Thus, our study suggests that there is an association
between gene polymorphism of CYP2D6 and CYP1A1 and the development of ALL
in Kashmiri children
In vivo study of anti-diabetic activity of Eremurus himalaicus
Get PDFDiabetes mellitus is a most common endocrine disorder, affecting more than 300
million people worldwide. For this, therapies developed along the principles of western
medicine (allopathic) are often limited in efficacy, carry the risk of adverse effects, and
are often too costly, especially for the developing world. In order to identify
complementary or alternative approaches to existing medications, we studied the antidiabetic
potential of Eremurus himalaicus-An endemic plant of North-Western
Himalayas. The acute oral toxicity studies of the extracts revealed no toxic effects up to
the levels of 2000 mg/kg b. wt. The Ethyl Acetate, Methanol and Aqueous extracts of
Eremurus himalaicus were screened for the presence of hypoglycaemic and antidiabetic
activity. In this study diabetes was induced by a single IP dose Alloxan monohydrate.
The study was carried out on a 14 day protocol and the blood glucose, SGOT, SGPT and
ALP levels were measured on Day 0, Day 7 and Day 14 of the treatment, along with
histopathological examination of pancreas on day 14. Maximum activity was shown by
the ethyl acetate extract with a percent variation in blood glucose level of 30.78% and
48.78% followed by aqueous extract with a percent variation in blood glucose level of
25.43% and 38.77% at a dose level of 250 mg/kg b. wt. and 500 mg/kg b. wt.
respectively. Glibenclamide was taken as the standard and the results were quite
comparable with it. The histopathological studies also indicated that Eremurus
himalaicus is effective in regeneration of insulin secreting β-cells and thus possesses antihyperglycaemic
activity. The results also showed that Eremurus himalaicus protects
significantly from other physiological aberrations i.e., polydypsia, polyphagia, weight
loss and metabolic aberrations i.e., increase in SGOT, SGPT, ALP, cholesterol and
triglyceride levels caused by diabetes, in a dose dependent manner. The aqueous extract
also showed significant effect in increasing the oral glucose tolerance of rats and it also
showed good hypoglycaemic activity in normoglycaemic rats. The preliminary
phytochemical analysis of the extracts of Eremurus himalaicus revealed the presence of
alkaloids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolics and glycosides as the
possible biologically active principles