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Organizational wrongdoing within the context of the UN Sustainable Development Goals: an integrative review
Get PDFAddressing organizational wrongdoing (OW) is crucial for sustainable development. However, there seems to be a lack of structured analysis of this concept within the realm of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs). This study aims to map the economic, business, and management literature on OW in relation to the SDGs using metadata extracted from 374 journal articles indexed in the Web of Science database for the period 2000-2023. This study highlights the need for a more systematic approach to understanding complex OW phenomena in the sustainable context. It proposes the foundation for a novel conceptual framework, and suggests future research directions. Additionally, this study emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary research for developing comprehensive strategies that align organizational practices with sustainable development objectives
Exploring young people’s perceptions and discourses of technology occupations through descriptive drawings and a questionnaire
Get PDFBackground and Context
Cultural and social influences from peers, family, and media shape young people’s views on technology careers. This study examines Danish students’ perceptions and discourses of IT professionals and technology occupations.
Objective
Unlike earlier studies focusing on STEM as a monolith, this study specifically addresses technology through descriptive drawings and Latent Profile Analysis (LPA).
Method
We analyse Danish students’ (aged 14–15) perceptions and discourses of IT professionals through descriptive drawings (N = 1,155) and LPA applied to close-ended items from a large questionnaire (N = 1,456).
Findings
Thematic analysis identified six groups of IT professionals: 1) Sedentary, 2) Antisocial and Nerdy, 3) Sad, 4) Ordinary, 5) Smart, and 6) Kind. The LPA identified four profiles, revealing complex subtleties and gender differences in students’ perceptions.
Implications
Implications for practice and future research are suggested, highlighting the potential benefits of combining these methods to explore young people’s constructions of IT professionals
Horizontal inequity in the use of mental healthcare in Australia
No full textFor people experiencing mental health problems, timely access to high‐quality healthcare is imperative for improving outcomes. However, limited availability of services, high out‐of‐pocket costs, insufficient health literacy and stigmatizing attitudes may mean people do not receive the necessary treatment. We analyze Australian longitudinal data to document the extent and predictors of horizontal inequity in mental healthcare use among people with a newly developed mild or moderate mental disorder. Importantly, we compare people with similar health, residing in the same area, thus controlling for differences in healthcare needs and availability of services. Results suggest that mental healthcare use is not significantly associated with household income or financial hardship. In contrast, we find significant inequities by educational attainment, with university graduates around 50% more likely to receive mental healthcare than high‐school dropouts. These findings are robust across subsamples and alternative modeling approaches, including panel data models with individual fixed‐effects. Additional explorations of the education gradient suggest a potential pathway through mental health‐specific knowledge and attitudes
Emotional vulnerability in adolescents (EVA) study: identifying potential biopsychosocial markers for adolescent depressive symptoms and well-being
Get PDFBackground: Adolescent depression is a highly recurrent and disabling mental health condition affecting a significant proportion of adolescents. Conversely, adolescent well-being is a positive state of health and enhanced quality of life. Depression and well-being are critical metrics of life quality. However, little is known about the biopsychosocial markers that differentiate between these states. Stemming from our extensive longitudinal Emotional Vulnerability in Adolescents (EVA) research, this study identified potential vulnerability markers by examining associations between a range of biopsychosocial factors and depression and well-being in a relatively homogenous sample of adolescents at baseline.
Methods: N=425 adolescents (60.5% female and 34.4% male) between 12 and 18 years (M = 15.06, SD = 1.75) were recruited from 12 state and independent schools. A comprehensive battery of standardised measures was administered to assess various biopsychosocial factors, including background demographic and clinical characteristics, lifestyle factors, neural-cognitive mechanisms, psychological and social stress-related factors, coping style, and personality traits.
Results: Multiple Regression analyses using the backward eliminations indicated that less physical activity, more social media usage, eating disorder risk, greater perceived stress, higher neuroticism, excessive rumination and negative self-reference bias accounted for 68% of depressive symptoms. Lower stress, less social media usage, and positive cognitive interpretation bias were sufficient to account for 51% of well-being scores.
Conclusion: The present findings suggest key bio-psycho-social risk and resilience factors that may play a role in predicting adolescent depression and well-being. Upon further examination of our longitudinal follow-up studies, these results will directly contribute to developing preventative intervention strategies
Deceptive minds in digital spaces: the influence of the dark triad on posting fake online reviews
Get PDFIn the digital age, online reviews play a critical role in consumer decision‐making. Despite growing interest in fake online reviews, the personality antecedents of posting such reviews remain largely unexplored. This study addresses this gap by investigating the influence of Dark Triad personality traits on the behavior of posting fake reviews. Leveraging Interpersonal Deception Theory, we apply natural language processing techniques to detect fake reviews in Amazon's data set and employ logistic regression modeling to examine the relationship between these traits and deceptive online behavior. Our findings reveal that Machiavellians use fake reviews as calculated tools to manipulate perceptions, whereas narcissists, driven by their need for validation and fear of detection, avoid posting fake reviews to protect their credibility and online self‐image. Furthermore, psychopaths' impulsivity and short‐term focus deter them from the cognitively demanding task of crafting plausible fake reviews. These new insights into the distinct effects of each Dark Triad trait on online deceptive behavior enhance theoretical models and offer practical implications. Incorporating personality‐based metrics into fake review detection systems can help businesses safeguard their platform integrity and promote authentic consumer feedback
Slow but steady: similarities and differences in executive functioning between autistic and non‐autistic adults
Get PDFPrior research has established differences between autistic and non-autistic individuals across the domains of executive function (EF). While some early theories portrayed these differences as universal to the autism spectrum, recent findings have been quite mixed. Factors like small samples, the components of EF being measured, and the age and intelligence quotient (IQ) of those being compared may contribute to this diversity in results. Moreover, research suggests performance over time might fluctuate in different patterns for autistic and non-autistic individuals. To test EF differences and the possible influence of these factors upon them, we recruited a sample of over 900 autistic and non-autistic participants (with generally average/above average IQ levels) from 18 to 77 years of age. They completed a battery of tasks measuring inhibition, cognitive flexibility, working memory, and attentional orienting to social and nonsocial cues. We found that performance was similar between groups in our primary measures of EF, although autistic participants were consistently slower, more susceptible to the effects of spatial cueing, and more prone to certain errors in the working memory task. Differences between groups were generally not influenced by participants' age, gender, or IQ. Performance over time varied only in the working memory task. While autistic adults may still face related challenges in real life, these findings suggest that being autistic does not necessarily imply executive dysfunction on a basic cognitive level, contradicting theories assuming universal impairments therein. Moreover, the lack of influence of included demographic factors suggests that explanations for discrepancies in the literature lie elsewhere
Edaphic legacy of phosphorus fertiliser in the restoration of the biodiverse Kwongan ecosystem in ultra-low P soils
Get PDFThe kwongan ecosystem is a biodiversity hotspot on the coastal sandplain of southwest Western Australia. It harbours many rare and endemic plant species adapted to nutrient impoverished soils, particularly to low phosphorus (P). In some kwongan regions surface strip-mining has drastically disturbed these ecosystems, requiring restoration by soil profile reconstruction and re-establishment of the native vegetation, often assisted by mineral fertiliser applications. We examined soil monitoring data from several post-mining sites of restored kwongan vegetation (n = 127), categorised by age groups (10, 20, 30 and 40-year-old sites) and fertilisation history (type of fertiliser applied). Thirty two soil variables were compared to the surrounding native soils (n = 135) by multivariate and univariate statistical approaches to determine whether different restoration ages and fertilisers had long-term impacts on soil physicochemical characteristics. Our analyses showed that restored soils differed from native, with substantially lower carbon (−41 %) and nitrogen (−15 %). Sites restored within the last 10 years had higher sodicity and much lower porosity, while 40-year-old sites presented nearly ten times more Total P. Recent non-fertilised soils showed similar P concentrations to the reference sites, however, older restored soils had a high legacy P, which is a clear consequence of past superphosphate applications, and greatly decreased their N:P stoichiometric ratios compared to native soils. We show that, after decades, restored soils are still impacted by the past mining activities and fertiliser application. These changes will likely alter microbial and plant communities, impairing restoration trajectories towards the native kwongan vegetation, particularly for P-sensitive species. Despite benefits of P-fertilisation (e.g. improved plant cover), the low carbon stocks and N:P ratios indicate a divergent ecosystem from the native state. Such changes in ecosystem stoichiometry may affect plant species competitiveness, and alter the composition of other trophic levels. Adjusting future restoration practices to reduce P fertilisation is promising, but addressing long-term stoichiometric shifts and soil compaction remains crucial
Model risk of volatility models
Get PDFA new model risk measure and estimation methodology based on loss functions is proposed in order to evaluate the accuracy of volatility models. The reliability of the proposed estimation has been verified via simulations and the estimates provide a reasonable fit to the true model risk measure. An empirical analysis based on several assets is undertaken to identify the models most affected by model risk, and concludes that the accuracy of volatility models can be improved by adjusting variance forecasts for model risk. The results indicate that after crisis situations, model risk increases especially for badly fitting volatility models