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Physical processes influencing the Asian climate due to black carbon emission over East Asia and South Asia
Get PDFMany studies have shown that black carbon (BC) aerosols over Asia have significant impacts on regional climate but with large diversities in the intensity, spatial distribution, and physical mechanism of regional responses. In this study, we utilized a set of systematic regional aerosol perturbations (SyRAPs) using a reduced-complexity climate model, FORTE2 (Fast Ocean Rapid Troposphere Experiment version 2), to investigate responses of the Asian climate to BC aerosols over East Asia only, South Asia only, and both regions at once and to thoroughly examine related physical processes. Results show that regional BC aerosols lead to strong surface cooling, air temperature warming in the low-level troposphere, and drying over the perturbed areas, with seasonal differences in magnitude and spatial distribution. Atmospheric energy budget analysis suggests that reductions in local precipitation primarily depend on the substantial local atmospheric heating due to shortwave absorption by BC. Increases in dry-static-energy (DSE) flux divergence partly offset the reduced precipitation over North China in summer and most of China and India in the other three seasons. Decreases in DSE flux divergence lead to a stronger reduction in precipitation over South China and central India in summer. Changes in DSE flux divergence are mainly due to vertical motions driven by diabatic heating in the middle and lower troposphere. BC perturbations also exert non-local climate impacts through the changes in DSE flux divergence. This study provides a full chain of physical processes of the local climate responses to the Asian BC increases and gives some insights to better understand the uncertainties in model responses
Sharing work and food within the household: intra-couple time allocation effects on nutritional outcomes in rural Telangana, India
No full textIn the context of the ongoing rural transformation in many countries, women’s opportunities for economic participation are expanding. However, there is limited understanding of how policy interventions can support rural households to adapt to the increasing opportunity cost of women’s time in household activities. This article presents empirical evidence on the relationship between couple interdependencies in time use and nutritional outcomes in rural Telangana, India. The study uses innovative datasets that combined accelerometer-based physical activity data, time use, food intake, and sociodemographic data – within the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) framework. Findings show that differences in time allocation patterns between spouses in a household affect individual nutritional outcomes; when the husband allocates more time to economic activities, it tends to reduce the adequacy of the wife’s energy intake; conversely, when the wife allocates more time to domestic activities, it tends to reduce the husband’s energy intake adequacy
The moral economy of localism in England: neighbourhood planning as neoliberal ‘apprentice piece'
Get PDFThis paper argues that the political policy construction and modification of neighbourhood planning in England is a quintessentially neoliberal project. It discusses the moral economy of the localism agenda where it is argued that the criticisms levelled at neighbourhood planning during its first few years have proven to be accurate and, over a decade since the policy was introduced in 2010, evidence of its failings have mounted. Yet despite this, the UK government continue to not only pursue the policy and extol its virtues to local communities, they actively require its success as an ‘apprentice piece’ of neoliberal policy making
Disaggregating the liberal market economies: institutions and HRM
Get PDFIt has been argued that the different ways human resource management is conducted in different countries can be at least partly explained by theories of comparative capitalisms. Earlier work has highlighted much diversity between coordinated market economies, but the liberal markets are commonly assumed to represent a more coherent category. We subject the latter assumption to closer scrutiny by examining differences between the liberal market economies in their approaches to HRM. We find that the USA display greater centralization in Human Resource Management practices, higher turnover rates, and less delegation to employees, than in the UK and Australia, this being associated with differences in institutional realities. Our study highlights how, under a broad institutional archetype, specific systemic features may exert strong effects on specific HRM practices and challenges assumptions of close institutional coupling in the most advanced economies
The implementation of long-term prudent valuation models across the UK and Mainland Europe for financial regulation purposes
Get PDFThe Basel 3 guidance on bank regulation includes a new definition of real estate valuation which differs from existing bases. Prudently conservative valuation or prudent value includes four criteria which include the exclusion of “expectations of price increases” and it must be “adjusted to take into account the potential for the current market price to be significantly above the value that would be sustainable over the life of the loan”. “National supervisors should provide guidance” and “If a market value can be determined, the valuation should not be higher than the market value” (BCBS, 2017).
Prudent value has synergies with existing post Global Financial Crisis (GFC) debates concerning long-term valuations for commercial real estate bank loan origination and monitoring purposes. This paper outlines the concepts of long-term and prudent values in more detail, reviews the literature on long-term valuation and develops a framework for prudent value. It also puts that literature into a wider perspective on the analysis of market cycles and portfolio disaggregation within performance measurement, and suggests ways in which the property industry could implement the current Basel 3 prudent value proposals
And the first runner-up is...: comparing winner selection procedures in multi-winner Tullock contests
Get PDFWe characterise the strategic equivalence among k-winner contests using simultaneous and sequential winner selection. We test this prediction of strategic equivalence using a series of laboratory experiments, contrasting 1-winner contests with 2-winner contests, varying in the latter whether the outcome is revealed sequentially or in a single stage. We find that in the long run, average bidding levels are similar across strategically-equivalent contests. However, adaptation in 2-winner contests is slower and less systematic, which is consistent with the property that simultaneous winner selection results in outcomes that are more random than in the 1-winner case
In the flexible working era: the micro-location choices of co-working spaces
Get PDFWould physical location become less essential when work and communication are not limited to a fixed space? We explore the question with the micro-location choices of coworking spaces (CWSs) in London. The empirical results show that the CWS tends to choose districts with more “teleworkable” jobs and high reliance on tacit knowledge in local industries. CWS also tends to be located where start-up firms co-locate, echoing the different influences of knowledge spillover in firms’ life cycles. The study highlights how CWS facilitates businesses in a digitalised and more collaborative economy, carrying implications for business empowerment and local urban patterns