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Integrating ‘common good’ authenticity for sustainable human resource management (HRM) reporting
Get PDFThis study draws on arguments from common good theory to explore the sustainable human resource management (S-HRM) reporting. Specifically, the purpose of the study is to determine how to improve the common good authenticity of sustainability reporting in HRM. Our qualitative data consist of sustainability reports from the 40 most sustainable corporations from the Global 100 index. In the reporting data, we identified four HRM themes, and several aligned HRM practices, with measures that support common good values. Our research strengthens the connection between the common good values and CGHRM by comprehensively defining and explaining the common good values. By doing so, we emphasise the need for a humanistic-ethical orientation expressed by treating employees with respect and dignity. We also identify areas in which current reporting falls short, including the outside-in perspective of CGHRM
Sustainable development goals and new approaches to HRM: Why HRM specialists will not reach the sustainable development goals and why it matters
Get PDFMany of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals apply directly to human resource management within organisations, and most of them have indirect relevance. It is clear, however, that by 2030 the world will have failed to meet the Goals. Although the connection between the SDGs and HRM is not so apparent, it has been argued that the two are, or perhaps should be, related: but maybe there is failure there too. This conceptual paper uses extant research to argue that the reasons for this are inherent in our understanding of HRM, in the nature of the Goals themselves, and in the relationship between HRM and the SDGs. We argue that HRM fails to advance the likelihood of the Goals being met because of construct clarity problems. Nonetheless, we argue that the SDGs have value for HRM specialists in signalling the importance of the multiple stakeholders involved and in focusing attention on crucial aspects of the role of HRM within organisations
Emissions intensity: do we need a CBAM for oil and gas imports?
Get PDFThe UK has seen significant recent attention being paid to the issue of the ‘emissions intensity’ of oil and gas operations, with the oil and gas industry and the Government using this as a climate justification for domestic North Sea production over imported oil and gas. This commentary explores these arguments in the context of the Rosebank decision and examines why emission intensity matters for lawyers. One key reason identified involves trade: without a carbon border adjustment mechanism (tax) or equivalent on imports of oil and gas from countries with poor records on electrification, flaring and vented emissions, domestic oil and gas production faces unfair climate competition
Probing the thermal resistance of solid-liquid interfaces in nanofluids with molecular dynamics
Get PDFThe significance of the interfacial thermal resistance in the thermal conductivity of nanofluids is not well understood, in part because of the absence of measurements of this quantity in nanofluids of interest. Here we study the interfacial thermal resistance for metal-oil nanofluids of interest as heat-transfer fluids for concentrating solar power, using density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulations. Insights on the role of chemical interactions in the interfacial thermal resistance are revealed. The results presented here showcase a general picture in which the stronger the chemical interactions between species at interfaces, the lower the associated interfacial thermal resistance. The implications towards nanofluid design are discussed. We show that, for this important family of metal-oil nanofluids, the interfacial thermal resistance values are low enough so that it is possible to afford a reduction in particle size, minimising stability and rheology issues while still offering enhancement in the effective thermal conductivity with respect to the base fluid
Code-switching and translanguaging: why they have a lot in common
No full textThe proponents of translanguaging are often not aware of the history of code-switching research and the relevance of this research for a range of the claims they make, for example on the issue of the separability of systems. While it is understandable that new paradigms try to emphasize how different they are from others, we cannot see why and how a new approach is different from previous ones unless a fair presentation is given of the position of others and detailed evidence is provided of the claims that are being made. In this rebuttal I show that the translanguaging literature owes a lot to the literature on code-switching, and that the translanguaging practices as found in the instructions to teachers look very similar to examples of code-switching as found in the extensive academic literature. In addition, many of the recommendations for pedagogical practice are not as novel as the proponents of translanguaging would like us to believe: many teachers when they hear about translanguaging say that they have been doing it for years but haven’t had a name for it. It is time for the translanguaging papers to now recognize that the translanguaging agenda developed out of the ideas of other excellent researchers in bilingualism
What are the optimum discrete angles to use in thermal‐infrared radiative transfer calculations?
Get PDFAs computer power increases there is a need to investigate the potential gains of using more than two streams in the radiative transfer calculations of weather and climate models. In this paper, seven quadrature schemes for selecting the zenith‐angles and weights of these streams are rigorously evaluated in terms of the accuracy of thermal‐infrared radiative transfer calculations. In addition, a new method is presented for generating ‘Optimized’ angles and weights that minimize the thermal‐infrared irradiance and heating‐rate errors for a set of clear‐sky training profiles. It is found that the standard approach of applying Gauss‐Legendre quadrature in each hemisphere is the least accurate of all those tested for two and four streams. For clear‐sky irradiance calculations, ‘Optimized’ quadrature is between one and two orders of magnitude more accurate than Gauss‐Legendre for any number of streams. For all‐sky calculations in which scattering becomes important, a form of Gauss‐Jacobi quadrature is found to be most accurate for between four and eight streams, but with Gauss‐Legendre being the most accurate for ten or more streams. The fact that no single quadrature scheme performs best in all situations is because computing irradiances involves two different integrals over angle, and the relative importance of each integral depends on the amount of scattering taking place. Additional optimized quadratures for clear‐sky and all‐sky calculations with 4–8 streams are presented that constrain the relationships between angles in a way that reduces the number of exponentials that need to be computed in a radiative transfer solver
Investigating differences between Tropical cyclone detection systems
Get PDFTropical cyclones (TCs) are important phenomena, and understanding their behavior requires being able to detect their presence in simulations. Detection algorithms vary; here we compare a novel deep learning–based detection algorithm (TCDetect) with a state-of-the-art tracking system (TRACK) and an observational dataset (IBTrACS) to provide context for potential use in climate simulations. Previous work has shown that TCDetect has good recall, particularly for hurricane-strength events. The primary question addressed here is to what extent the structure of the systems plays a part in detection. To compare with observations of TCs, it is necessary to apply detection techniques to reanalysis. For this purpose, we use ERA-Interim, and a key part of the comparison is the recognition that ERA-Interim itself does not fully reflect the observations. Despite that limitation, both TCDetect and TRACK applied to ERA-Interim mostly agree with each other. Also, when considering only hurricane-strength TCs, TCDetect and TRACK correspond well to the TC observations from IBTrACS. Like TRACK, TCDetect has good recall for strong systems; however, it finds a significant number of false positives associated with weaker TCs (i.e., events detected as having hurricane strength but are weaker in reality) and extratropical storms. Because TCDetect was not trained to locate TCs, a post hoc method to perform comparisons was used. Although this method was not always successful, some success in matching tracks and events in physical space was also achieved. The analysis of matches suggested that the best results were found in the Northern Hemisphere and that in most regions the detections followed the same patterns in time no matter which detection method was used
Central bank digital currencies: a critical review
Get PDFThis critical literature survey offers a comprehensive understanding of the key aspects and implications of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) as a rapidly evolving area of academic and policy research. We review in depth the key discussion around motivations for the introduction of CBDCs and their design (looking at options of availability, provision, access, and supporting infrastructure). In addition, we review studies and arguments laid out on the implications that the introduction of CBDC may have for monetary policy and financial stability. Finally, we identify sub-areas of CBDC research that need further investigation in future research
Using system dynamics to support strategic digitalization decisions
Get PDFAlthough digitalization becomes a prospect that is counted on for many problems in the construction industry, there are limited attempts on exploring decision-making processes in construction firms about the integration of digital technologies and impacts beyond the projects. In this research, the system dynamics (SD) approach was proposed to investigate digitalization as a strategic decision considering the inherent relationships between project company and business levels. The SD model was conceptualized, formulated, and tested by conducting a demonstrative case study within a modular construction company. Conforming to the strategic priorities of the case company, business process engineering principles were adopted to model the existing practices and assess the impacts of implementing digital technologies such as BIM, ERP and RFID at different maturity levels. The simulation tests revealed that the impacts of technologies are influenced by both the internal dynamics of projects, company competencies as well as external uncertainties. The SD model has the potential to improve strategic decision-making by anticipating the causalities and feedback between the decisions and consequences of technology integration. The findings and model development steps proposed in this paper can be used by other companies that aim to make process improvements with digital technologies as well as researchers exploring the implications of digitalization in construction considering competencies and uncertainties