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Multimodal continual learning for process monitoring: a novel weighted canonical correlation analysis with attention mechanism
Get PDFAimed at sequential dynamic modes, a novel multimodal weighted canonical correlation analysis using attention
mechanism (MWCCA-A) is introduced to derive a single model
for process monitoring, by integrating two ideas of replay and regularization in continual learning. Under the assumption that data are received sequentially, subsets of data from past modes with dynamic features are selected and stored as replay data, which are utilized together with the current mode data for continual model parameter estimation. The weighted canonical correlation analysis is introduced to achieve appropriate weightings of past modes’ replay data, so that the latent variables are extracted by maximizing the weighted correlation with its prediction via the attention mechanism. Specifically, replay data weightings are
obtained via the probability density estimation from each mode. This is also beneficial in overcoming data imbalance amongst multiple modes and consolidating the significant features of past modes further. Alternatively, the proposed model also regularizes parameters based on its previous modes’ importance, which is measured by synaptic intelligence. Meanwhile, the objective is decoupled into a regularization-related part and a replay-related
part, to overcome the potentially unstable optimization trajectory of synaptic intelligence-based continual learning. In comparison with several multimode monitoring methods, the effectiveness of the proposed MWCCA-A approach is demonstrated by a continuous stirred tank heater, Tennessee Eastman process and a practical coal pulverizing system
Monetary policy developments
No full textThis article aims to provide a dense and accessible nontechnical overview of the new developments in monetary policy after the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) of 2007-2009. The discussion is structured in four sections explaining in a condensed form four broad types of episodes in the world economy and corresponding developments in monetary policy, namely the responses to (1) the GFC, (2) climate change, (3) the COVID-19 pandemic, (4) Russia’s war in Ukraine and the cost-of-living crisis of 2022 it exacerbated. Four figures, central to the tasks of monetary policy, illustrate the evolution of interest rates, inflation, output growth and unemployment
The simple view of borrowing and code-switching
Get PDFAims and Objectives: In this paper a novel approach to the distinction between borrowing and code-switching is proposed, called the Simple View of borrowing and code-switching. Under this view, listedness is seen as the key condition for classifying words or Multiword Units (MWUs) as borrowings. For MWUs, listedness is operationalised with Mutual Information scores: the higher the MI score of a given set of words, the higher the likelihood it is listed in the lexicon. Under the Simple View, the distinction between borrowing and code-switching is seen as a specific instantiation of the distinction between what belongs in the lexicon (fixed, arbitrary patterns) and what is computed online (productive rules), and should therefore be considered as part of the grammar.
Methodology: Assumptions from the Simple View were tested on a corpus of switches of single words and MWUs from a Turkish-German code-switching corpus (87,000 words), which was transcribed in CHAT format.
Data and Analysis: The frequency of switches in either direction, and their morphosyntactic integration patterns were analysed with CLAN. The formulaicity of the MWUs was analysed with Mutual Information scores through Sketchengine.
Findings: The Mutual Information scores of the donor language MWUs were found to be above 3, which is the cut off point for formulaicity in Corpus Linguistics. Thus, the MWUs were found to be borrowings. In addition, MWUs were found to be more likely to be borrowed than single words.
Originality: Insights about formulaic language from Corpus Linguistics and Second Language Acquisition were used to inform analyses of language contact phenomena, and new ways to test the model are proposed.
Significance: The Simple View offers a unified approach to borrowing of lexical items and function words, and opens a new avenue for research using neuroscientific methods to test whether items are listed in speakers’ mental lexicons
The effects of conventional and unconventional monetary policy shocks on US REITs moments: evidence from VARs with functional shocks
Get PDFWe use a vector autoregressive model with functional shocks, capturing the shift of the entire term structure of interest rates on monetary policy announcement dates, to empirically evaluate the effects of conventional and unconventional monetary policy decisions on the Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) markets of the United States (US). Using 5-minute interval intraday data, we analyze not only the impact on REITs returns, but also its realized variance (RV), realized jumps (RJ), realized skewness (RSK), and realized kurtosis (RKU) over the daily period of September 2008 to June 2021. While the effects of conventional monetary policy shocks on the moments of REITs returns tend to conform with economic theories, the same is not necessarily the case with unconventional monetary policy shocks. In addition, though monetary policy shocks have the most persistent and strongest effects on RJ, the extreme behaviour of the REITs market is also observed through RSK and RKU. Moreover, when we look into 10 REITs sectors, there is indeed heterogeneity in terms of the strength of the effect, but not so much in terms of the sign of responses of the various moments compared to the overall market. Our results have important implications for REITs market participants, given its exponential growth as an asset class
A scoping review of methods and measures used to capture children's play during school breaktimes
Get PDFPlay is linked to healthy child development and is recognised in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. School breaktimes provide regular opportunities for children to play, and as such, they have been the context of a large and interdisciplinary body of research on play. Play research has diverse aims and cuts across many academic disciplines, resulting in a wide range of methods and measurement tools being used in research to capture children’s play. In this scoping review, 105 studies of play during school breaktimes were identified and we describe, synthesise and compare methods used to assess play during school breaktimes, bringing together methodologies from different fields for the first time. Specifically, we captured: the aspects of play that have been measured and described; established tools and coding schemes that have been used; what the measures of play have been used for; and what the quality of reporting of play measures has been. In this way, we anticipate that the review will facilitate future play research and support, where appropriate, more consistent use and transparent reporting of methods and measures
Explainable meta-path based recommender systems
Get PDFMeta-paths have been popularly used to provide explainability in recommendations. Although long/complicated meta-paths could represent complex user-item connectivity, they are not easy to interpret. This work tackles this problem by introducing a meta-path translation task. The objective is to translate a meta-path to its comparable explainable meta-paths that perform similarly in terms of recommendation but have higher explainability compared to the given one. We propose a definition of meta-path explainability to determine comparable explainable meta-paths and a meta-path grammar that allows comparable explainable meta-paths to be formed in a similar way as sentences in human languages. Based on this grammar, we propose a meta-path translation model, a sequence-to-sequence (Seq2Seq) model to translate a long and complicated meta-path to its comparable explainable meta-paths. Two novel datasets for meta-path translation were generated based on two real-world recommendation datasets. The experiments were conducted on these generated datasets. The results show that our model outperformed state-of-the-art Seq2Seq baselines regarding meta-path translation and maintained a better trade-off between accuracy and diversity/readability in predicting comparable explainable meta-paths. These results indicate that our model can effectively generate a group of explainable meta-paths as alternative explanations for those recommendations based on any given long/complicated meta-path
Status of phytoplankton biomass and physico-chemical parameters of water during fish cage culture fallowing: a case study of Southeast Arm of Lake Malawi
Get PDFthe prospect of using fallowing as an ecosystem managementmeasure to restore ecosystem functions in disturbed aquatic envi-ronments under cage culture was evaluated in this study. the cageaquaculture site in the southeast arm of lake Malawi was studiedfollowing the abandonment of cage aquaculture activities in 2022after 18 years of operation. a hydrolab ctD Ms5 series probe wascast at each station to a maximum depth to collect electronic dataand provide in situ depth profiles of temperature, dissolved oxy-gen, oxygen saturation, ph and salinity. chlorophyl-extraction wasdone using a mixture of acetone and methanol and analyzed on aturner series 10 fluorometer. the study found that physical-chemicalparameters such as temperature, ph, ammonia, turbidity and dis-solved oxygen were not significantly different (p > 0.05) across thecage and non-cage sites and between seasons. however, ammonialevels recorded in this study were lower than the values reportedduring the cage culture operations period, an indication that somerecovery processes are happening at the site. chlorophyl a levelwas found to be insignificantly higher in cage and non-cage sites(p > 0.0.5) and significantly different between season (p < 0.05). highlevels of chl-a observed in this study are independent of cageaquaculture but might be linked to external inputs associated withtributaries as they collectively drain into the lake. chl-a was foundto be significantly and directly correlated to temperature, followedby total suspended solids and ph. Overall, the site is undergoingrecovery with respect to the abandonment, but the effect ismasked by external inputs of nutrients into the lake. although thestudy confirmed the oligotrophic status of the lake, the increasinglevels of chl-a are alarming and calls for inclusion of watershedmanagement in agriculture and environmental management pro-gramming to sustainably safeguard the health of the lake
Self-regulation in L2 listening: the role of teacher and learner self-efficacy and the mediating influence of metacognition
Get PDFStrong listening proficiency underpins many aspects of foreign language learning. Yet the role of teacher-related factors in its development and their interaction with learner variables is unclear and underexplored, particularly compared to linguistic factors such as aural vocabulary knowledge (AVK). This study investigated how far the listening proficiency of 186 university English as a Foreign Language learners was predicted by key aspects of self-regulation, namely teacher self-efficacy for teaching listening, learner self-efficacy for listening and learner metacognition. The predictive role of AVK was also investigated alongside these variables, before and after a metacognition and strategy-based intervention implemented by Intervention Group teachers who had been trained prior to the intervention. Data were collected using teacher and learner questionnaires as well as learner listening tests. We show, through sequential multiple regression and mediation analysis, that even after controlling for AVK, both teacher and learner self-efficacy were significant predictors at post-test for the Intervention Group only, while they had an indirect effect through metacognition at pre-test for the sample as a whole. These findings illuminate the complexity of the relationship between teacher and learner self-efficacy, and learner outcomes, as well as the impact teacher professional development may have on that relationship. They thus offer a novel perspective through which to understand L2 listening proficiency and the role of the teacher in its development
From the logic of the lure to the force of the erotic: cruising a personal AIDS video archive from a curatorial perspective
No full textConceived from the outset as interconnected pieces—entwining
the theoretical and personal dimensions of the queer subject in
resistance to a mainstream academic methodological imperative—the
chapters comprising this thesis examine, from a Western perspective,
the project undertaken by artists, filmmakers, writers, and academics to
force HIV/AIDS into the realm of representation. Ultimately, the thesis
argues for the unrepresentability of HIV/AIDS and for the failure of the
logics of representation arising from the advent of AIDS to “speak” the
unspeakable. In an attempt to wrestle with this impossibility, artists and
writers have (historically) clung on, consciously or not, and contributed
to amassing the already boundless visual and literary territories of
HIV/AIDS. The project to move AIDS to an elsewhere of discourse and
representation, where it could eventually cease to signify itself, has
tragically failed.
The intellectual debt evident throughout this thesis is to the work
of Michel Foucault, focussing on the power of ideology and social
regulations to define identities, examined via the deconstructive
linguistic analysis, textual practice, and post-structural feminist critique
of Paula A. Treichler and Lee Edelman, among others. Through the lens
of John Paul Ricco’s “attraction of the lure” and William Haver’s “erotic
of a queer poiesis,” to which the title alludes, the thesis pays tribute to
the interrelationship between identity formation and representation. Its
structure directly cites Jacques Derrida’s “unreadable” book Glas, as a
means to symbolically express the promiscuity of the methodology by
which the research has been conducted. The thesis unfolds against the
presence of an absence, a certain ghost or spectre that has permeated
the research, reminiscent of Roland Barthes’s ideas around the
“studium” and the “punctum”: a decade of experimental and
independent AIDS moving images that I have metaphorically cruised as
an experiment in building alternative knowledge about HIV/AIDS.
In its incessant entanglement of the personal with the theoretical,
the promiscuous methodology of this thesis ultimately asks: “How can
we transform the epistemological ground into a cruising ground?” The
thesis invites the reader to consider the potential outcomes of a
promiscuous research methodology, not only as a system of knowledge
production, but also as a catalyst of energies (whether cultural, political,
theoretical, artistic, or even “just” emotional) that shape the experience
of knowledge production—not in the direction of a unitary, stable, and
ultimate, therefore hegemonic, intellectual achievement but, to the
contrary, towards a site of difference, of all forms of becoming.
Applied to the curatorial field, the thesis advances the following
questions: Can cruising and the queer experience of sexual promiscuity
be used as a research method? Can the curatorial be a place to perform
promiscuity as a way to escape the normalising discourse perpetuated
by society and problematise the trajectories imposed by art history?
Framed in this light, the curatorial becomes a space of appearance that
seeks neither a positive nor a negative self-affirmation. To the contrary,
it embraces the uncertainty, the risk, the atemporality, and the
obliqueness of an experience of cruising, rather than responding to the
imperative of achieving historical closure in regard to the object of
inquiry or the conditions for aesthetic and artistic production.
Ultimately, a promiscuous curatorial methodology seeks to create the
conditions for multiple subjectivities to emerge and co-exist; in other
words, for being in common with no need to strictly embrace any
condition of belonging