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Underachievement risks and profiles of psychological variables among high-ability adolescents from Hong Kong, the Netherlands, Taiwan, and the United Kingdom
Get PDFBackground: High-ability students, despite their potential, may underachieve academically. The existing literature suggests the presence of subtypes, such as perfectionistic or creative high-ability students, who underachieve for different reasons. However, empirical work identifying these profiles and linking them to underachievement remains limited. Methods: We analyzed self-reported data by 930 high-ability adolescents across Hong Kong, the Netherlands, Taiwan, and the United Kingdom. We conducted a pre-registered confirmatory latent profile analysis on five dispositions theoretically relevant to underachievement: creativity, academic self-efficacy, self-regulation, perfectionistic standards, and self-criticism. We examined how these profiles related to underachievement risk, measured by academic performance and self-perceived underachievement. Results: Four profiles emerged. Two aligned with underachievement-related theories, namely the “self-satisfied” profile (low self-criticism, high self-regulation and creativity; prevalent in Asia) and the “maladaptively perfectionistic” profile (high self-criticism but low creativity, academic self-efficacy, and self-regulation; prevalent in Western Europe). Academic performance did not differ across profiles. However, adolescents in the “self-satisfied” profile were less likely to self-perceive as underachievers, while those in the “maladaptively perfectionistic” group were more likely. Interestingly, self-perception as underachievers in both profiles was positively linked with academic performance. Conclusions: These findings provide empirical evidence on subtypes among high-ability students that may differentially present underachieving risks
The uncanny at the site of displacement: a study of post-migratory photography and film artworks
No full textThis thesis examines the post-migratory conditions and representation of migrant
identity in photography and film. Focusing on the uncanny as both a conceptual
and aesthetic strategy, it integrates film theory, psychoanalysis, and post-migratory
studies to interrogate the aesthetic and political stakes of migratory experience and
representation. It critically examines documentary mediation, the tensions between
visibility and secrecy, and the affective registers of displaced memory. Drawing on
Freud’s aesthetic of the uncanny, Derrida’s hauntological reading of cinema, and
Kracauer’s cinema realism, the study explores how artists use narrative disruption,
spectrality, and ambiguity to challenge dominant representational paradigms.
The film artwork, Baiji, serves as both a case study from the maker’s perspective
and an artistic intervention, employing a fragmented narrative to explore the
temporally disjointed lives of a father and daughter abroad. Through poetic
soliloquies and disjointed daydreams, Baiji examines displacement, memory, and
longing. This inquiry extends to case studies of Lynne Sachs’ Your Day Is My Night
and Which Way Is East, as well as Bo Wang’s An Asian Ghost Story and China
Concerto, some of which use hybrid documentary strategies that exposed the
problematic epistemic and ethical tensions of migrant representation. More
importantly, certain parts of these works incorporate uncanny estrangement,
spectrality, and narrative disjunction, resonant with Baiji’s destabilization of
conventional migration portrayals.
By highlighting the aesthetic and political potential of the uncanny in post-migratory
film, this research contributes to contemporary migration and art discourses. It
argues that ambiguity, fragmentation, and spectrality—hallmarks of migratory
experience—unsettle fixed narratives of belonging. Rather than merely depicting
displacement, these works actively perform and mediate migrant subjectivity.
Through critical and practice-based inquiry, this study demonstrates how
experimental film techniques—such as nonlinear temporality, fragmented
storytelling, and poetic soliloquy—expand the articulation of migratory experience
beyond conventional documentary realism
“Better conversations with developmental language disorder”: feasibility and findings from an initial evaluation of a novel intervention
No full textPurpose: Developmental language disorder (DLD) affects around 7.5% of children and can impact education and social well-being. Thus far, interventions for school-aged children with DLD have been targeted at single-word or sentence level. This article evaluates “Better Conversations With Developmental Language Disorder” (BCDLD), a coproduced, conversation-focused intervention grounded in communication partner training and parent–child interaction therapy, both evidence-based approaches used globally across populations with communication difficulty. Method: Six children with DLD (6;06–8;02 [years;months]) participated in BCDLD with their mothers. Each completed three baseline assessments and six conversation-focused therapy sessions. Video feedback was used to highlight facilitative and barrier strategies within their talk and to agree targets for change. Posttherapy and follow-up measures evaluated progress in response to intervention. The study employed conversation-based outcome measures, which were novel for this client group. Feasibility of the approach was explored with regard to recruitment, retention, and acceptability. The practicality of using conversation-based outcome measures was evaluated. Results: There was significant change in targeted conversation behaviors, the primary outcome measure, for five dyads after intervention. Secondary indicative outcomes demonstrate a significant increase in children's average utterance length for the group. Numerical change in child-to-adult ratio of speech was achieved, in line with intervention targets, and for five children, there was a numerical change in functional communication on the Children's Communication Checklist–2. Feasibility results demonstrate good retention and acceptability, including time taken to transcribe and analyze conversation-based measures. Discussion: The results suggest that school-aged children with DLD can benefit from direct intervention to improve their everyday conversation, and the approach can produce change on targeted communication behaviors and conversation measures. Feasibility findings provide support for the further development of BCDLD. Further coproduced research is necessary to refine the intervention, explore active ingredients, and consider issues of candidacy and implementation within clinical services
Delegated proof-of-stake-based incentive mechanism for secure and efficient blockchain storage in the Internet of Things
No full textThe explosive growth of Internet of Things (IoT) data demands secure and reliable storage, where traditional centralized solutions often fall short. Blockchain offers decentralization and tamper-resistance, making it a promising foundation for IoT. However, IoT blockchain systems based on Delegated Proof-of-Stake (DPoS) face challenges such as weak node incentives, unfair reward distribution, and low consensus efficiency. This paper proposes a fairness-aware incentive mechanism that accounts for both node capability and effort under information asymmetry. By incorporating fairness preferences into the contract design, the mechanism improves participation and motivates sustained effort. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that our approach enhances throughput by about 15%, while achieving revenue fairness, incentive compatibility, and stronger consensus performance. The mechanism’s adaptability makes it suitable for diverse IoT application scenarios
Designing a history course for online and face-to-face delivery: 'the Australian experience'
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Combined nutritional and environmental assessment: a case study of alternatives to potato crisps
No full textPurpose
Processed food products are often marketed as healthier alternatives by highlighting beneficial nutrient content or limiting unhealthy ingredients. This study evaluates and compares the nutritional and environmental impacts of three alternative snacks available on the market: Regular Potato Crisps, Lentil-Based Alternative, and Chickpea-Based Alternative.
Methodology
The CONE-LCA framework was applied by combining ELCA inventories, based on ingredient assumptions from product packaging, with nutritional risk factors derived from labelled values. DALYs were calculated for both environmental and nutritional impacts and integrated into a single assessment, using the recommended portion as the functional unit to reflect consumption reality.
Findings
The alternatives to potato crisps are not systematically healthier or more sustainable. The main drivers of health and environmental impacts are shared ingredients such as oils and sodium, as well as processing methods, which limits the benefits of simple substitution. More positive impacts can be achieved through recommending smaller portion sizes to consumers and encouraging industry to reformulate by substituting key ingredients.
Implications
CONE-LCA offers a more realistic view of health impacts and is applied here for the first time to processed snacks. Using portion size as the functional unit strengthens its relevance for consumers and policymakers, and supports better choices in product formulation and dietary guidance while acknowledging trade-offs.
Originality
This study extends CONE-LCA to processed snack foods, demonstrates its application at the product level, and introduces a portion-based functional unit that reflects real consumption behaviour