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LFD-IDS: bagging-based data poisoning attacks against cyberattack detection in connected vehicle
Get PDFThis paper explores the need for new systems to
detect and monitor cyberattacks in Connected Vehicles (CVs).
Sensor health in CVs is vital, as prediction errors and communication issues can weaken the sensor network. Intrusion
Detection Systems (IDS) for CVs must be continuously updated
to meet changing needs and be robust against adversarial
attacks. We developed a new Label Flipping system against
Deep learning-based IDS (LFD-IDS) to help cloud operators
understand unusual vehicle sensor data. LFD-IDS specifically
targets detecting and explaining sensor data manipulation from
poisoning attacks. We proposed two label-flipping attacks based
on Bootstrapping and Bagging and a defensive strategy using a
multi-layer deep neural network. Our LFD-IDS achieves at least
90% accuracy in identifying cyberattacks
Lithium solvation and anion-dominated domain structure in water-in-salt electrolytes
Get PDFWater-in-salt (WiS) electrolytes are an emerging class of high concentration aqueous electrolyte
with large electrochemical stability windows, making them attractive as green alternatives in nextgeneration
electrochemical energy storage devices. Recent work has highlighted the existence of
water-rich and anion-rich domains in WiS electrolytes, but the extent, morphology and importance
of these domains is still disputed. Here, we present neutron total scattering measurements of the
archetypal WiS, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, and use empirical potential structure
refinement to match the structure of a simulated system to the experimental data for two technologically
relevant concentrations, revealing ion solvation, geometric isomerism and long-range structure
with unprecedented detail. Our analysis of the modelled WiS electrolyte suggests that water domains
are small and isolated, and points to a system dominated by percolating, anion-rich domains that
assemble through the association of hydrophobic regions, extending throughout the entire system.
This structural insight places restrictions on feasible transport mechanisms in WiSs, and more generally
will aid in the understanding of the structure and behaviour of WiS electrolytes, with implications
for the design and manufacture of WiS containing devices
Luxury value perceptions and consumer outcomes: a meta‐analysis
Get PDFLuxury value perception is a well‐researched, yet fragmented domain. Extant research reports several dimensions of luxury value perception, where different investigations identify varying dimensions and their impact on several consumerrelated outcomes. However, such findings are inconsistent across studies, which are carried out across various contexts using disparate samples. In this research, we use the Theory of Consumption Value and Economic Theory to provide a comprehensive understanding of the dimensions, outcomes, and moderators of luxury value perception.
This investigation synthesizes extant literature through a meta‐analysis to explain the inconsistent findings and offer new insights. The meta‐analysis integrates findings from 64 papers that report 74 separate studies with 32,587 participants/consumers. The impact of the dimensions of luxury value perception (functional, social, emotional, conditional, epistemic, and economic) on consumer outcomes
(affective, cognitive, and behavior), and the moderating effects of several moderators (industry type, culture, gender, and publication year) are conceptualized and
examined through meta‐analytic techniques. Some relationships are underresearched in literature and cannot be tested, which provides scope for future
investigations. This research is valuable for theory as we offer novel insights and identify boundary conditions that advance theoretical understanding of the domain.
Managers will benefit from this holistic understanding as they may apply the insights obtained to formulate nuanced marketing and branding strategies
A luxury consumption perspective on motivations for brand value co-creation in emerging markets
No full textPurpose – Whereas research on brand value co-creation is being conducted from a number of different
perspectives, the psycho-social mechanisms that motivate consumers towards brand value co-creation have
room for theory development. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the literature on brand value co-creation in luxury consumption by analysing the role of a number of psychological constructs that impact consumers’ proclivity towards brand value co-creation.
Design/methodology/approach – The data for this study were collected through a large-scale questionnairebased
design and were evaluated using a multivariate statistical analysis technique.
Findings – The results show that the need for autonomy, the need for belonging and the need for uniqueness
mediate the relation between consumers’ self-concept and proclivity towards brand value co-creation.
The findings indicate that luxury brand managers need to develop a critical mix of co-creational strategies in a
way in which the brand harmoniously satisfies a need for relational identity co-creation while also providing
varied heterogenous interactions.
Originality/value – This research has been conducted in an emerging market of Asia, thus providing insights into what motivates co-creation in an under-researched but lucrative market segment. The Socio-Economic Class A of emergent countries has an inelastic purchasing power and disposable income to consume luxury brands. Only by understanding the underlying purchase motivations of these consumers can brand managers effectively benefit from their co-creation endeavours
Analytic solution for the nonlinear response of magnetic nanoparticles to large amplitude oscillatory fields
Get PDFNonlinear responses of physical systems to strong perturbations are notoriously difficult to tackle analytically. Here, we present analytic results for the nonlinear response of magnetic nanoparticles to large amplitude oscillatory magnetic fields based on a particular model for the magnetization dynamics. A number of characteristic features of the in-phase and out-of-phase higher-harmonic response are found and analyzed. In particular we find that the magnitude of higher harmonic contributions Rn depends on the field amplitude and frequency only via a single scaling variable that combines the two quantities. The decrease of |Rn|with increasing order nof harmonics is a key quantity monitored in biomedical applications such as magnetic particle spectroscopy and magnetic particle imaging. Except for the first few harmonics, we find that this decrease is exponential with a rate that depends on the scaling variable only. For not too high frequencies and not loo large amplitudes, we find that these exact results for one particular model of magnetization dynamics hold approximately also for other, more frequently used models. Our results therefore offer not only deeper insight into strongly nonlinear responses of magnetic nanoparticles, especially for higher harmonics that are very difficult to determine numerically, but also suggest analyzing data in terms of a scaling variable
Reading groups as spaces of learning and resistance: care, emotions and feminism in EAP
Get PDFCare, emotions and feminism are critical concepts in the English for Academic Purposes (EAP) landscape. However, to date they have existed largely on the periphery, seldom given equal standing alongside more traditional EAP areas of focus. Recognizing the need for change, this article is the result of a dialogic inquiry of four female academics from different UK Higher education institutions who met via a conference reading group foregrounding these topics at the 2023 BALEAP conference.
Our investigation explored the role of reading groups in our professional practice and development. In particular, their potential as ‘counter-sites’ (Foucault, 1986) or spaces of radical possibility for self-directed learning, community building and resistance to increasing encroachment on academic autonomy and the commercialisation of academic labour. Underpinning our reflections and dialogues were three pivotal texts selected for this conference reading session.These explored care as a central academic value (Tuck, 2018), emotions as activism (Benesch, 2020), and the ‘disruptive potential’ of feminism (Cerdá, 2020, p.216). As discussion lies at the heart of any reading group, we adopted a methodology which centres dialogue and polyvocality, allowing for the researchers’ individual voices to be heard and seen: duoethnography (Sawyer & Norris, 2013). Accordingly, we present our inquiry as duoethnographers often do (e.g., Lowe and Lawrence, 2020), via scripted dialogues.
The analysis is organised into four thematic sections, positioned as ‘stepping stones’: socialisation into EAP, developing as an EAP practitioner, gendered experiences: tensions and power struggles, and community, belonging and finding a home. Each section begins with a brief introduction and concludes with a reflective summary to guide the reader. The dialogues, however, are the core elements of the write-up,designed to engage the reader in an ongoing conversation, prompting reflection on personal experiences and understandings
A cohort evaluation of surgical pathways reported to a national audit of children undergoing treatment for congenital heart disease in England and Wales
Get PDFObjectives: To ascertain rates of completion of essential cardiac procedures and their overall contribution to longer-term mortality in children with congenital heart disease (CHD).
Methods: In this cohort study using the United Kingdom National CHD Audit, we described the pathway operations required for treatment for 9 sentinel CHDs—hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), non-HLHS functionally univentricular heart, ventricular septal defect, tetralogy of Fallot, coarctation, aortic stenosis, atrioventricular septal defect, transposition of the great arteries, and pulmonary atresia— that were undertaken at the population level and report the mortality associated with these pathway operations by age 5 years.
Results: Among 28,806 patients, over a median follow-up of 9.8 years (interquartile range, 4.2-15.4 years), 839 (2.9%) had undergone pre-pathway procedures only, 1135 (3.9%) had undergone initial palliation only (inclusive of functionally univentricular and biventricular reparative pathways), 2001 (6.9%) had undergone stage 2 palliation and/or total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC), 2254 (7.8%) had undergone
staged biventricular repair after palliation, and 22,572 (78.3%) had undergone primary biventricular repair. Of the 23,239 children with 5 years of follow-up, 1794 (7.7%) had died by age 5 years, consisting of 409 (1.8%) who died following an initial palliative procedure, 43 (0.2%) who died following a stage 2 palliation or TCPC, 379 (1.6%) who died following a biventricular reparative procedure, and 963 (4.1%) who died in other circumstances, such as interstage or following reinterventions.
Conclusions: The outcome metrics of surgical pathway completion (biventricular repair or TCPC) and overall mortality at age 5 years can be evaluated using registry
data and could contribute to future assessment of overall CHD service quality
Consequences of being early and a few: unfinished business for Greek typography
No full textFrustration, compromise, annoyance, and anger characterise our encounter with the current implementation of Greek on the platforms and devices we use most. We are fed up with unnecessary hacking, solutions that are bound to go out of date, and the snail pace of addressing issues despite our visible presence and advocacy over many years. This presentation summarises research into the the problematic implementation of our script, and calls for action to respect our script and language. Other scripts suffer similarly
A cold frontal life cycle climatology and front–cyclone relationships over the North Atlantic and Europe
Get PDFAtmospheric fronts and cyclones play an important role in day-to-day weather variability, especially in the mid-latitudes and during the winter season. Severe rainfall and windstorm events are often associated with the passage of a front or a cyclone. While there are many studies of individual fronts and climatologies of instantaneous fronts, there is no climatological study considering the whole frontal life cycle over time. Therefore, we use a front and cyclone tracking algorithm, together with a widely used front detection method, to detect and track cold fronts and cyclones over the North Atlantic and Europe in the extended winter season (October–March) in the ERA5 reanalysis data set. This enables a climatological study providing statistics of the frontal life cycle based on thousands of fronts. Several life cycle characteristics and frontal parameters are defined to investigate the frontal life cycle and the conditions and processes in the frontal region. Fronts are linked to their parent cyclone to study relationships between frontal and cyclonic properties. Cold fronts primarily develop over the Western North Atlantic and are found to decay at or soon after landfall on the European coast in most cases. Cold fronts tracked over the North Atlantic are found to last over 1 day longer and travel up to 1500 km farther on average than cold fronts tracked over the Mediterranean and over land. Cold frontal life cycle characteristics are strongly dependent on the North Atlantic Oscillation, with cold fronts appearing in a positive phase lasting longer and travelling faster and farther. Stronger cyclones are related to stronger frontal wind speeds at the surface as well as in the cold and warm sectors. The relationships between frontal and cyclonic properties are found to weaken over the course of their life cycle
Evaluating bias correction methods for wind power estimation using numerical meteorological models
Get PDFEnhancing our understanding of the meteorological factors influencing renewable energy is crucial in the energy transition, as inherent biases in widely used meteorological numerical models reduce their reliability in accurately simulating essential variables for electricity modeling. This study examines five bias correction methods for estimating wind power capacity factors, utilizing ERA5 reanalysis, Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) simulations, and experimental data from multiple anemometric towers. Areas influenced by large-scale effects, such as the interaction between large-scale atmospheric circulation and orography, were accurately reproduced; however, regions with complex terrain exhibited larger errors. In some cases, the constraints imposed by large-scale features on near-surface winds are strong enough to make bias correction unnecessary. The Weibull quantile mapping and the quantile percentile method produced the lowest errors, however the latter preserved bi-modality. The mean state, linear scale, and quantile mapping Rayleigh methods produced the highest errors in 72% of the cases examined. Analysis of ERA5 revealed the dependence of its ability to reproduce the capacity factors on the conditions around the site. Bias correction alters the probability distribution’s shape, significantly impacting CF estimates through its interaction with the power curve