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Dr who? Identity crucibles and the DBA doctoral degree
Get PDFThis paper explores the triggers and identity crucibles facing professional doctorate students pursuing a Doctorate in Business Administration (DBA). Unlike prior research, which centres on full‐time PhD students, our study examines the identity work of DBA students, many of whom do not foresee a transition to academia. Through 35 semi‐structured interviews, we explore the identity work involved in ‘becoming a doctor’ and the identity crucibles that DBA students encounter. We identify the internal and external triggers that lead to identity work and identity crucibles, with their accompanying emotions, and examine how these crucibles are resolved. This research develops current thinking in critical management education, revealing how DBA students do not uniformly aspire to become practitioner‐scholars or academics. Instead, they start and end their doctoral studies from various and different identity positions, highlighting the complexity of these long, intellectually challenging programmes. By exploring the triggers, identity crucibles and resolutions, this study offers a nuanced understanding of the DBA student experience and provides valuable insights into how these individuals can be supported throughout their doctoral studies. This support enhances retention and completion rates for those tasked with managing these programmes and reduces the likelihood of losing exceptional scholars/practitioners
Quantifying uncertainties in solar wind forecasting due to incomplete solar magnetic field information
Get PDFSolar wind forecasting plays a crucial role in space weather prediction, yet significant uncertainties persist duet to incomplete magnetic field observations of the Sun. Isolating the solar wind forecasting errors due to these effects is difficult. This study investigates the uncertainties in solar wind models arising from these limitations. We simulate magnetic field maps with known uncertainties, including far-side and polar field variations, as well as resolution and sensitivity limitations. These maps serve as input for three solar wind models: the Wang–Sheeley–Arge, the Heliospheric Upwind eXtrapolation, and the European Heliospheric FORecasting Information Asset. We analyze the discrepancies in solar wind forecasts, particularly the solar wind speed at Earth’s location, by comparing the results of these models to a created ground truth magnetic field map, which is derived from a synthetic solar rotation evolution using the Advective Flux Transport model. The results reveal significant variations within each model with a root mean square error ranging from 59 to 121 km s −1 . Further comparison with the thermodynamic Magnetohydrodynamic Algorithm outside a Sphere model indicates that uncertainties in the different models can lead to even larger variations in solar wind forecasts compared to those within a single model. However, predicting a range of solar wind velocities based on a cloud of points around Earth can help mitigate uncertainties by up to 20%–77%
A no-regrets framework for sustainable individual and collective flood preparedness under uncertainty
Get PDFWhy should we prepare for a flood which might never happen? Uncertainty around potential future hazards significantly limits citizens’ disaster preparedness as it influences decision-making and action taking greatly. To bridge this knowledge-action gap, we developed a novel no-regrets framework for sustainable flood preparedness under uncertainty, building on a systematic literature review (PRISMA method) and an integrative review of preparedness actions. The review of 364 articles revealed that while no-regrets principles are widely applied in climate policy and risk management, they are not tailored to personal preparedness. Our resulting framework defines clear no-regrets criteria for individual and household-level preparedness (robustness, flexibility, cost-effectiveness, co-benefits, and ease of implementation) and categorizes 80+ flood preparedness actions according to four levels of uncertainty, from unknown futures to imminent hazards. Notably, we found that long-term preparedness actions remain underutilized, psychological preparedness is largely absent, and existing guidance is biased toward physical risk reduction in high-income contexts. This framework offers a practical tool for practitioners, local authorities, and community groups to promote actionable, context-sensitive flood preparedness worldwide and can be adapted to other hazards in future work
Variable-temperature token sampling in decoder-GPT molecule-generation can produce more robust and potent virtual screening libraries
Get PDFToken generation in generative pretrained transformers (GPTs) that produce text, code, or molecules often use conventional approaches such as greedy decoding, temperature-based sampling, or top-k or top-p techniques. This work shows that for a model trained to generate inhibitors of the enzyme HMG-Coenzyme-A reductase, a variable temperature approach using a temperature ramp during the inference process produces larger sets of molecules (screening libraries) than those produced by either greedy decoding or single-temperature-based sampling. These libraries also have lower predicted IC50 values, lower docking scores, and lower synthetic accessibility scores than libraries produced by the other sampling techniques, especially when used with very short prompt-lengths. This work explores several variable-temperature schemes when generating molecules with a GPT and recommends a sigmoidal temperature ramp early in the generation process
Increased extreme precipitation in western North America from cut-off lows under a warming climate
Get PDFCut-off Low (COL) pressure systems significantly influence local weather in regions with high COL frequency, particularly in western North America. Nonetheless, future changes in COL frequency, intensity, and precipitation patterns remain uncertain. This study examines projected COL changes and their drivers in western North America under a high greenhouse gas concentra-tion pathway (SSP585) using a multi-model ensemble from CMIP6 and a feature tracking algo-rithm. We compare historical simulations (1980-2009) and future projections (2070-2099), revealing a marked increase in COL track density during summer in the northeast Pacific and western United States, while a strong decrease is projected for winter, associated with shifts in jet streams. Climate models project an increase in COL-related precipitation in future climate, with winter and spring experiencing more intense and localized precipitation, while autumn showing a more widespread precipitation pattern. Additionally, there is an increased frequency of extreme precipitation events, though accompanied by large uncertainties. The projected increase in extreme precipitation high-lights the need to understand COL dynamics for effective climate adaptation in affected areas. Further research should aim to refine projections and reduce uncertainties, supporting bet-ter-informed policy and decision-makin
Foreword
No full textThis Foreword to the anthology Action Heroines in the 21st Century: Sisters in Arms argues that action cinema has historically presented an isolated lone heroine, or a marginalised heroine within a male ensemble. Both scenarios deny female action heroes the relational histories of cooperation and camaraderie taken for granted in male-focused action film, and reinforce outdated ideas about women as untrustworthy and weak. The piece argues that the anthology surfaces a small but significant history of female collaborative action narratives, and addresses how female collectives are portrayed today, suggesting that such films present opportunities to intervene into the stereotyping of women in action
Exploring the non-linear dynamics between commercial real estate and systemic risk
Get PDFThe commercial real estate (CRE) market significantly influences financial stability, given its size,
use as collateral, and cyclicality. This study explores macro-financial vulnerabilities arising from
the CRE market, revealing that adverse developments in CRE capital values amplify systemic risk
across financial sub-sectors, namely, banks, insurance companies and investment trusts, consistent with the collateral channel hypothesis. The CRE and financial markets relationship, however,
displays nonlinearities. We introduce a UK CRE Misalignment index which integrates various
market indicators to assess deviations from fundamental values in the CRE sector. We find that
during market misalignments, the link between systemic risk and CRE growth weakens, suggesting that further property price increases in an overheated market could lead to a bubble and
heightened systemic risk, in line with the deviation hypothesis. Finally, we employ a quantile
regression model that captures another aspect of this non-linear relationship. We find that positive (negative) developments in the CRE market decrease (increase) the right tail of the historical
systemic risk distribution, but CRE variation has a weak impact on the left tail and cannot
effectively reduce systemic risk in periods of growth
Chlorine peroxide reaction explains observed wintertime hydrogen chloride in the Antarctic vortex
Get PDFIt is well established that the drastic ozone loss in the Antarctic stratosphere, commonly known as the ozone hole, is primarily driven by gas-phase and heterogeneous chemical processes. While chemistry transport models generally reproduce observed ozone depletion well, they fail to capture the rapid early-winter decline of hydrogen chloride. We here examine the impact of the heterogeneous reaction
between chlorine peroxide and hydrogen chloride forming HOOCl, followed by its photolysis. Incorporating this reaction and an additional hypochlorous acid loss pathway into a chemical mechanism significantly improves model agreement with observed levels of several chlorine
compounds in the lower polar vortex stratosphere. This revised mechanism increases simulated ozone partial column depletion by over 15% between early July and mid-September 2011. Laboratory confirmation of these proposed reactions is needed to validate the mechanism
Widespread reduction of ozone extremes in storylines of future climate
Get PDFHigh ozone levels harm people and the environment, especially during extreme weather. Climate change is expected to increase the frequency and intensity of these events, exacerbating vegetation-atmosphere interactions. However, current models predict inconsistent responses to warming, potentially due to simplified vegetation representations. We address this uncertainty by incorporating realistic vegetation responses to abiotic stresses into a global atmospheric chemistry model. By constructing storylines of future climate with fixed anthropogenic emissions, we quantify how temperature and humidity changes affect ozone and associated mortality. Here, we show that locally, vegetation and photochemistry often act in concert to amplify ozone pollution extremes, while increased humidity in the free troposphere tends to suppress background ozone levels. The latter effect becomes more dominant with increasing temperatures, leading to a widespread decrease in ozone pollution across the Northern hemisphere. The storyline approach is an effective method for disentangling drivers of air pollution perturbed by climate change