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<Articles>Physical Inactivity of Workers and Its Relation to the Uneven Allocation of Public Sports Facilities
No full textpublisher[Abstract] Personal lifestyle choices such as leisure-time physical activity are major determinants of individual health and happiness. However, price discrimination exists between municipalities at almost public sports facilities. Using micro-data from nationwide surveys, I examined the policy effects of promoting cross-border use of public sports facilities by workers in Japan, taking into account the endogeneity problem among physical activity, self-assessed health, and happiness. A proxy variable of the number of potential users of public sports facilities had two opposite effects: a negative effect on physical inactivity and a positive effect on latent health. The results indicated that abolishing price discrimination between municipalities to promotethe cross-border use of public sports facilities would increase the health of the individuals
<Articles>An English as a Lingua Franca Model for English Teaching in Japan: Pedagogical Implications
No full textpublisher[Abstract] This paper discusses the advantages that may be gained from employing an "English as a Lingua Franca" model in English Language Teaching in Japan. The current approach in many educational contexts in Japan could be described as an "English as a Foreign Language" model, which generally takes native-speaker norms as its basis for teaching. First, these two models are compared and contrasted. Then, after a discussion of the background and rationale for such a shift in focus, the article finally introduces practical suggestions for approaching the teaching of English in classrooms in Japan that takes into consideration the multi-cultural nature of English today. Areas where change might occur include the teaching of pronunciation, vocabulary and syntax, pragmatics and culture, as well as a reconsideration of the textbooks and methodologies used in classes
内因性レトロウイルス複製阻害因子APOBEC3による新規ウイルス粒子成熟阻害機構を基礎としたペプチド医薬の開発
No full text研究代表者共同研究者共同研究者publisher研究種目：21世紀研究開発奨励金(共同研究助成金); 課題番号：KD0
分子標的創薬, 細胞医療基盤技術の開発
No full text研究代表者共同研究者共同研究者共同研究者共同研究者publisher研究種目：21世紀研究開発奨励金(共同研究助成金); 課題番号：KD1
Methodology of causal inference when an unmeasured confounder exists
No full text研究代表者publisher研究種目：若手研究(B) ; 研究期間：2011～2014; 課題番号：23700344; 研究分野：統計科学; 科研費の分科・細目：研究成果の概要（和文): 未観察交絡要因があるときの感度解析手法を提案した. また, 治療効果が取りうる範囲を推定する際に用いられる2つの条件の関連性を議論し, 比較を行った. 操作変数があるときの因果推論について, 主要層別の考え方を応用することで, 様々な標準集団における因果効果の取り得る範囲を導出した. 未観察交絡要因があるときの主要層別効果の取り得る範囲を提示した. さらに, 特別な条件の下では, 主要層別効果と直接効果・間接効果が一致することを突き止めた. 直接効果・間接効果の取り得る範囲を導出し, 感度解析の方法も議論した. 主要層別効果の感度解析で提案された方法を応用することで, 直接効果・間接効果の感度解析の方法を提案した. 研究成果の概要（英文): I proposed some sensitivity analysis methods for unmeasured confounders. In addition, I discussed a relationship between two conditions that can be used to derive the bounds on which the casual effect must be included, and compared these two conditions. When an instrumental variable exists, I derived the bounds for causal effects with several populations as the standard population, by applying the concept of principal stratification. I presented the bounds for the principal strata effect when an unmeasured confounder exists. Furthermore, I showed that principal strata effects correspond to direct and indirect effects under special assumptions including the monotonicity assumption. I derived the bound for direct and indirect effects the sensitivity analysis methods. For the derivation, I applied those for the principal strata effect
