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الإكراه تأصيلا وتطبيقا
No full textإن أهم ما وقفت عليه من نتائج أثناء بحثي لهذا الموضوع:
1 ــ إن الأهلية تنقسم إلى قسمين: أهلية الوجوب وأهلية الأداء.
2 ــ عوارض الأهلية نوعان: عوارض سماوية، وعوارض مكتسبة.
3 ــ الإكراه عارض من عوارض الأهلية، وهو حمل الغير على ما لا يرضاه،
4 ــ أركان الإكراه أربعة:
أ ــ المكرِه. ب ــ المكرَه. جـ ــ المكرَه به. دــ المكرَه عليه.
4 ــ الإكراه على نوعين:
أ ــ إكراه ملجئ. ب ــ إكراه غير ملجئ.
5 ــ أثر الإكراه في التصرفات:
أ ــ الإكراه على الكفر: لا إثم على المكرَه.
ب ــ الإكراه على الإسلام:
ــ إكراه الذمي والمستأمن على الإسلام: لا يجوز.
ــ إكراه الحربي على الإسلام: لا يجوز (على الراجح).
ــ إكراه المرتد على الإسلام: يجوز.
جـ ــ الإكراه على إفساد العبادات: حكمه حكم الإكراه على الكفر.
د ــ الإكراه على النكاح والطلاق: لا ينعقد النكاح، ولا يقع الطلاق.
هـ ــ الإكراه في المعاملات: المعاملات الصادرة بالإكراه باطلة.
و ــ إكراه المكرَه بالإقرار: باطل.
ز ــ إقرار المتهم ذوي السوابق صحيح، إن دلت عليه القرائن.
حـ ــ لو قّتّلّ إنسان آخر بعير حق مكرَها، وجب القصاص على المكرِه المتسبب، والمكرَه المباشِر كليهما
Carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity: Protective effect of 'Rocket' Eruca sativa L. in rats.
No full textThe hepatoprotective and antioxidant effect of an ethanolic extract of 'Rocket' Eruca sativa L. (EER), on liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) was investigated. Wistar albino rats were administered 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight extract orally for 10 consecutive days. Marker enzymes GOT, GPT, ALP, GGT and bilirubin were estimated in serum. Whereas, non-protein sulfhydryl (NP-SH), total protein (TP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were estimated in liver tissue as markers for oxidative stress. Histopathological assessment was also done on liver tissue. CCl(4) induced liver poisoning in all treated animals was evident by elevated serum GOT, GPT, ALP, GGT and bilirubin levels. Induction of oxidative stress in the liver tissue by CCl(4) was evidenced by a fall in the levels of NP-SH and TP; and an increased level of MDA concentration. EER administration for 10 days prevented the CCl(4) induced hepatic injury and oxidative stress. Furthermore, the extract also reduced the pentobarbital-induced prolongation of sleeping time in mice. The ability of rocket extract to protect the liver toxicity in rats was further confirmed by histological findings in the liver tissue. In conclusion, it was observed that Eruca sativa L. extract protects the liver against CCl(4) induced hepatic injury through its potent antioxidant activity in rats
“Novel Algorithmic Countermeasures for Differential Power Analysis Attacks on Smart Cards”,
No full textDifferential Power Analysis (DPA) attacks extract the secret key of cryptographic algorithm, by analyzing the power dissipation of the smart card during the execution of the computation. Cryptosystems such as DES, the AES and public-key cryptosystems are easily perceptive to the DPA attacks. Several techniques can be used to prevent differential power analysis attacks. One method is to design algorithms that have a constant execution path, and use operations that have little variation in their power usage. In this paper we are proposing algorithmic countermeasures for differential power analysis attacks on smart cards. The proposed countermeasure is to induce a new smart card system that is not cryptosystem. The new technique, namely stegnosystem, relies on using stegnography instead of cryptography. The user has to provide her password which is compared to the password hidden in the smart card memory. The hidden password is retrieved by deciphering the stegnography key stored in the smart card. DPA attacks can measure power dissipation that leaks during deciphering the stegnography key, thus gain knowledge of the location where the password is hidden but it can't gain any information of the actual password without the actual possession of the smart card.King Saud Universit
Doxorubicin toxicity can be ameliorated during antioxidant L-carnitine supplementation
No full textDoxorubicin is an antibiotic broadly used in treatment of different types of solid tumors. The present study investigates whether L-carnitine, antioxidant agent, can reduce the hepatic damage induced by doxorubicin. Male Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups: group 1 was intraperitoneal injected with normal saline for 10 consecutive days; group 2, 3 and 4 were injected every other day with doxorubicin (3 mg/kg, i.p.), to obtain treatments with cumulative doses of 6, 12 and 18 mg/kg. The fifth group was injected with L-carnitine (200 mg/kg, i.p.) for 10 consecutive days and the sixth group was received doxorubicin (18 mg/kg) and L-carnitine (200 mg/kg). High cumulative dose of doxorubicin (18 mg/kg) significantly increases the biochemical levels of alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs), total nitrate/nitrite (NOx) p < 0.05 and decrease in glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), glutathione-s-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT) activity p < 0.05. The effect of doxorubicin on the activity of antioxidant genes was confirmed by real time PCR in which the expression levels of these genes in liver tissue were significantly decrease compared to control p < 0.05. Interestingly, L-carnitine supplementation completely reversed the biochemical and gene expression levels induced by doxorubicin to the control values. In conclusion, data from this study suggest that the reduction of antioxidant defense during doxorubicin administration resulted in hepatic injury could be prevented by L-carnitine supplementation by decreasing the oxidative stress and preserving both the activity and gene expression level of antioxidant enzymes
Thymoquinone attenuates diethylnitrosamine induction of hepatic carcinogenesis through antioxidant signaling
No full textHepatocellular carcinoma accounts for about 80-90% of all liver cancer and is the fourth most common cause of cancer mortality. Although there are many strategies for the treatment of liver cancer, chemoprevention seems to be the best strategy for lowering the incidence of this disease. Therefore, this study has been initiated to investigate whether thymoquinone (TQ), Nigella sativa derived-compound with strong antioxidant properties, supplementation could prevent initiation of hepatocarcinogenesis-induced by diethylnitrosamine (DENA), a potent initiator and hepatocarcinogen, in rats. Male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups. Rats of Group 1 received a single intraperitoneal (I.P.) injection of normal saline. Animals in Group 2 were given TQ (4 mg/kg/day) in drinking water for 7 consecutive days. Rats of Group 3 were injected with a single dose of DENA (200 mg/kg, I.P.). Animals in Group 4 were received TQ and DENA. DENA significantly increased alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total nitrate/nitrite (NOx) and decreased reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) activity in liver tissues. Moreover, DENA decreased gene expression of GSHPx, GST and CAT and caused severe histopathological lesions in liver tissue. Interestingly, TQ supplementation completely reversed the biochemical and histopathological changes induced by DENA to the control values. In conclusion, data from this study suggest that: (1) decreased mRNA expression of GSHPx, CAT and GST during DENA-induced initiation of hepatic carcinogenesis, (2) TQ supplementation prevents the development of DENA-induced initiation of liver cancer by decreasing oxidative stress and preserving both the activity and mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes
A Middleware for Personal Smart Spaces.
No full textAd hoc pervasive computing provides an attractive vision for future computing and smart spaces where digital and physical devices interact and share services seamlessly and transparently. In ad hoc pervasive environments, low cost, short-range wireless devices such as PDAs, mobile phones, and portable entertainment devices can provide instance access to information, share, and manage resources seamlessly and transparently. We propose a lightweight middleware for discovering ad hoc devices and bootstrapping a “Personal Smart Space,” which is an ad hoc pervasive environment, where components are discovered and managed seamlessly. The components communicate together without previous knowledge in order to run fullfledge pervasive applications. The middleware handles component failures and application component migration to prevent application interruptions as devices leave and join.King Saud Universit
Progression of cyclophosphamide-induced acute renal metabolic damage in carnitine-depleted rat model
No full textLittle information is available regarding the mechanism of cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced renal damage. Therefore, this study examined whether carnitine deficiency constitutes a risk factor in and should be viewed as a mechanism during development of CP-induced nephrotoxicity and explored whether carnitine supplementation, using propionyl-l-carnitine (PLC), could offer protection against this toxicity.
Experimental rats were assigned to one of six groups; the first three groups were injected intraperitoneally with normal saline, PLC (250 mg/kg/day) or d-carnitine (250 mg/kg/day) + Mildronate (200 mg/kg/day), respectively, for 10 successive days. The 4th, 5th and 6th groups received the same doses of normal saline, PLC or d-carnitine + Mildronate, respectively, for 5 successive days before and after a single dose of CP (200 mg/kg).
CP significantly increased serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), intramitochondrial acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, significantly decreased total carnitine, intramitochondrial CoA-SH, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and ATP/adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and reduced glutathione in kidney tissues. In carnitine-depleted rats, CP resulted in dramatic increase in serum nephrotoxicity indices and acetyl-CoA and induced progressive reduction in total carnitine, CoA-SH and ATP as well as severe histopathological lesions in kidney tissues. Interestingly, PLC completely reversed the biochemical and histopathological changes induced by CP to normal values.
Oxidative stress is not involved in CP-induced renal injury in this model. Carnitine deficiency and energy starvation constitute risk factors in and should be viewed as a mechanism during CP-induced nephrotoxicity. PLC prevents development of CP-induced nephrotoxicity by increasing intracellular carnitine content, intramitochondrial CoA-SH/acetyl-CoA ratio and energy production
THYMOQUINONE SUPPLEMENTATION AMELIORATES ACUTE ENDOTOXEMIA-INDUCED LIVER DYSFUNCTION IN RATS
No full textAbstract: Endotoxemia caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produced an inflammatory condition contributing to multiple organ failure. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of thymoquinone (TQ), the main constituent of Nigella saliva seeds, against LPS-induced hepatotoxicity. The obtained data revealed that LPS markedly depleted liver reduced glutathione (GSH) and significantly increased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of caspase-3 enzyme in the liver Serum tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and bilirubin levels and the activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT) enzymes were markedly increased in LPS-treated rats. TQ supplementation resulted in normalization of liver GSH and decreases in the levels of MDA and caspase-3 activity in the liver with reduction of serum TNF-alpha, serum total bilirubin and the actvities of ALP and gamma-GTenzymes Histopathological examination revealed that TQ administration improved LPS-induced pathological abnormalities in liver tissues The present study conclude that TQ reduced acute endoxemia-induced liver dysfunction at least in part by its anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and antioxidant activities
Emotional reaction of nurses towards patients with suicidal attempt
No full textSuicide is a major public health problem and treating suicidal patients represents one of the most challenging and complex clinical situations for nurses. Emotional reactions of nurses towards suicide attempters are important because they have a key role in the management of these patients. So,The aim of this study was to determine nurses' emotional reaction toward patient with suicidal attempt. The Staff nurses(n =200) who had at least one year of experience in caring for patient with suicidal attempt completed the structured questionnaire schedule, and feeling word checklist (F.W.C). The main result of this study showed that caring with empathy and objectivity were more likely to be reported by the nurses as a positive feeling towards suicidal attempt patient ,while the most negative feelings elaborated by nurses was dislike, anxious, distressed and reject.King Saud Universit
Testing NBU(2) class of life distribution based on goodness
No full textIn this paper, new testing procedures for exponentiality against the NBU(2) class is
addressed based on the goodness of fit approach. It is shown that the proposed test has high relative efficiency for some commonly used alternative and enjoys a good power. The critical values of the proposed statistic are calculated and some applications are given to elucidate the use of the proposed test in reliability analysis.King Saud University / the research center of the center for female scientific and medical college