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Stereoselective HPLC analysis of tertatolol in rat plasma using macrocyclic antibiotic chiral stationary phase
No full textEnantiomeric resolution of teratolol was achieved on a vancomycin macrocyclic antibiotic chiral stationary phase known as Chirobiotic V with UV detection set at 220 nm. The polar ionic mobile phase (PIM) consisted of methanol-glacial acetic acid-triethylamine (100:0.01:0.015, v/v/v) has been used at a flow rate of 0.8 ml min(-1) . The calibration curves in plasma were linear over the range of 5-500 ng ml(-1) for each enantiomer with detection limit of 2 ng ml(-1) . The proposed method was validated in compliance with the international conference on harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The developed method applied for the trace analyses of tertatolol enantiomers in plasma and for the pharmacokinetic study of tertatolol enantiomers in rat plasma. The assay proved to be suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring and chiral quality control for tertatolol formulations by HPL
Effect of Low Level Laser Therapy on Bone Histomorphometry in Rats
No full textThe aim of this study was to assess the histological effect of Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) (904 nm) on the repair of standardized bone defects on the femur of rats. Sixty male wistar rats were assigned into two equal groups. Group (A: laser group) and group (B: control group). A surgical fracture was done in middle third of femur of all rats. In group (A) a continuous wave 904 nm infrared laser was applied at dose 4 j/cm2 at fracture site immediately post operative for 7 sessions, each session was 5 minutes. The animals were killed by over dose of general anesthesia on the 15th,30th and 45th days after surgery, The specimens were processed and stained with Hematoxylin-eosin (H/E ), special stain Masion trichrome and analyzed by light microscopy. The descriptive analysis of histological imaging showed greater degree of new bone formation, osteoblastic surface and collagen fiber in the irradiated group when compared with the control group. Based on the obtained results, this study concluded that LLLT was efficient in promoting bone healing, and increasing new bone formation in the process of surgically fractured femur in animal stud
Biologically active flavonoid glycosides from Horwoodia dicksoniae T.
No full textThree flavonoid glycosides and one aglycone have been isolated from the ethanolic extract (EE) of Horwoodia dicksoniae (Brassicaceae), for the first time, and their structures were established from negative ESI-MS, 1H-, 13C-NMR and DEPT as luteolin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), luteolin 6-C-β-D-galactopyranoside (2), apigenin 6-C-β-D-galactopyranoside (3), and luteolin (4). The SRB cytotoxicity assay was used to investigate the antitumor activitiy of the EE, compounds 1, 2 and 4. Compound 1 showed the highest cytotoxic activity against the three human cell lines viz. HEP-G2, HCT-116 and MCF-7 (IC50 = 10.7, 9.3 and 9.9 µg/ml, respectively), compared with doxorubicin as an antitumor reference drug. Compound 4 showed selective antitumor activity against the colon cell line (IC50 =9.5 µg/ml). The present investigation also demonstrates the protective effect of compounds 1, 2 and 4 with strong antioxidant potential, in glycerol–induced myoglobinuric acute renal failure in rats. Moreover, all tested compounds separately attenuated renal dysfunction, and restored the oxidant balance by decreasing renal MDA levels, increasing the activity of the depleted renal antioxidant enzymes, and the non enzymatic antioxidant GSH. They also, decreased the elevated serum inflammatory marker (TNF- α), and ameliorated apoptotic kidney damage by reduction in caspase-3 activity. Taken together, 1 was found to be the most biologically active compound.King Saud Universit
قواعد اللغة النبطية
No full textيعد هذا الكتاب دراسة لقواعد اللغة النبطية من حيث: حروفها الأبجدية ، والأصوات الصامتة والصائتة، والظروف المكانية والزمانية، والاسم وأبنيته واشتقاقه وحالاته والفعل وصيغه, والضمائر ونظام الجمل من اسمية وفعلية
لمحات عن مجتمع الأحساء من خلال كتاب BEDOUIN DOCTOR
No full textيهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة الملحوظات الاجتماعية والأمنية لطبيب ألماني عاش وعمل في الأحساء زهاء ثلاث سنوات، ودون الكثير من الملحوظات عن كثير من المواقف التي مر بها أو شارك فيها خلال فترة بقائه في تلك المنطقة. تميزت تلك الحقبة من تاريخ الأحساء بأهمية كبيرة، ليس لأنها توافقت مع السنوات الأخيرة من حكم الملك عبدالعزيز فحسب، بل لأنها كانت تمثل حياة مجتمع لم تتغير منذ زمن بعيد، ويمر بمرحلة انتقالية، مع بداية ظهور آثار اكتشاف النفط. قُدر لهذا الطبيب الألماني أن تمر حياته بعدة مراحل حتى وصل إلى الأحساء، لذا فلا بد من إلقاء الضوء على تلك المراحل قبل الحديث عن مرئياته وتجربته في الأحسا
ذاتية الآخر وجماليات التشكيل المكاني
No full textإن أبجدية القراءة النصية تفترض وجود علائق حوارية تربط أجزاء النص وعناصره ، وقد يحكم تلك العلائق إطارات تساعد في سبر أغوار النص والكشف عن مضامينه .
وقصيدة التفعيلة في المملكة العربية السعودية بكل تقنياتها ومساراتها الحداثية فتحت في جدار النص الشعري بؤرة من السكون اللحظي في ظل مجانيتها وتكثيفها ، وتجانسها الكوني ومجازها البصري ، وعلاقاتها المتشابكة التي نصصت البياض ، وجعلته مسارا موازيا للسواد .
من هنا تشرع الورقة في مناقشة ظاهرتين نقديتين وُظِفتا في ديوان " فتنة البوح " للشاعرة السعودية : نادية البوشي ، وهي صوت شعري مميز ينضم إلى زمرة شعراء المدينة المنورة ، والظاهرتان تتمثلان في :
- ذاتية الآخر ، وهو مصطلح أشار إليه ( إيرك فروم ) في نظرية التحليل الاجتماعي الإنساني ، ويعني " نوع من العدوان المرتد إلى الداخل ، والتماس الحاصل بين الذات والآخر لدرجة تصل إلى الاندماج الكامل بينهما ، وتصير العلاقات القائمة بينهما تسخيرا للتفاعل الإنتاجي الذي يحدد مبدأ الوحدة " ، والديوان يحتوي مجموعة من العلاقات التي تجسد الظاهرة .
- التشكيل المكاني ، وهو مصطلح متماس مع المصطلحين النقديين ( جسد القصيدة ) و ( فضاء القصيدة ) ، وهو يعني الحيز المكاني الذي تأخذه الكلمات ، ويندرج تحته مجموعة من العلاقات الإشارية مثل ( الفراغ الأبيض – الفراغ المنقط – التقطيع -والتكرار الشكلي – السيمترية البصرية ..)وغيرها ، وقد أشار ( رينيه ويليك ) لهذه الظاهرة عندما صرح أن الكتابة على ورقة ليست هي القصيدة ، والصفحة المطبوعة تحتوي على عناصر كثيرة خارجة عن حيز القصيدة .
وتدور الورقة البحثية في محورين :
- المحور الأول : ذاتية الآخر – المفهوم والتوظيف النصي .
- المحور الثاني : جماليات التشكيل المكاني في الديوا
Different Splinting Time for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in Women: Comparative Study
No full textBackground: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common entrapment neuropathy. Splinting the wrist is the most common conservative intervention in relief the CTS symptoms.
Objective: define the best splinting wear times, night or day, in pain relief for female patients with idiopathic chronic CTS in exacerbation phase.
Subjects and Methods: 24 eligible female patients (42 wrists) participated in this study. They were recruited from military hospital in Riyadh. Their CTS was diagnosed by the nerve conduction velocity (NCV). On basis of splint wear time patients were divided into two groups; day time and night time. Thermoplastic, custom-made, neutral wrist splints were provided both groups (21 wrists each). Patients completed 3 consecutive weeks of follow-up. Pain (pressure) threshold through, algometer, was used to measure the pain in both groups. Four measurements were applied; one at the initial assessment and 3 during follow-up weeks.
Results: The current study showed a significant improvement (p = 0.0001) in pain threshold with splint wear. This was true for both groups. Patients received splint in day time showed little
increase in pain threshold when compared with night time wear instruction but without significant difference.
Conclusion: wrist splint is an effective conservative treatment for CTS. No difference was found between night or day time splint wear. Patient should wear the splint at their most adherent time.
Keywords: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Splinting, Splint Wear Time, Algometer
Performance and Modeling of a RWA Algorithm for WDM Networks on a WAN Network in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
No full textThe breathtaking success of the WDM technology in the backbone networks pushes the development and implementation of the route and wavelength assignment algorithms. WDM networks are emerging as viable and cost-effective solutions for many telecommunication operators and service providers who have to face an extremely growing bandwidth demand and expensive additional fiber installation cost. Thus, the strong need for the development of new high-speed architectures and algorithms for such networks arises.
Our research focuses on the routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) problem in wavelength-routed optical WDM networks. Most of the attention is
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devoted to such networks operating under the wavelength-continuity constraint, in which lightpaths are set up for connection requests between node pairs, and a single lightpath must occupy the same wavelength on all of the links that it spans. In setting up a lightpath, a route must be selected and a wavelength must be assigned to the lightpath. If no wavelength is available for this lightpath on the selected route, then the connection request is blocked.
We examine the RWA problem in a case study over the Saudi network using routing and wavelength assignment approache. We also examine the associated research problems and challenges.
We solved the routing and wavelength assignment problem in the Saudi networks by applying a selected routing and wavelength assignment algorithm (Link State) using traffic grooming. A design is presented of the WDM network based on the topology of WAN network in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia which optimally connects the kingdom’s main cities.
We calculate traffic distribution between suggested cities depending on the population in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
We build a simulation model using GANCLES to simulate the traffic movement in the network. This software program is suitable to our study requirements especially grooming in the optical networks.
Finally, we design new mesh and uncross topology over kingdom of Saudi Arabia that fit the new requirements.
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In this thesis we studied the WDM in optical networks and discussed the algorithms applied on it, including static and dynamic algorithms, then we studied traffic grooming and its impact on the network efficiency.
We implemented our link state algorithm on KSA network topology with some assumptions to show the effect of traffic grooming in the four topologies with symmetric and non-symmetric traffic transmission to 16 different cases.
We concluded that the traffic grooming is a major factor on increasing the efficient use of the optical network resources which present better performance over network and symmetric and non-symmetric didn’t make intelligible change in the performance.
Over the comparison of our four topologies we find that new mesh and uncross topology produce the best performance; because it designed depending on cities coordinates, and it is applicable for future requirements.
Finally, we produced a lot of detailed information about the different techniques used in WDM routing algorithm, and network topologies over kingdom of Saudi Arabia that can be used by other researchers and students who are interested in this field
Towards a Better Algorithm for Discovering the Transcription Factor Binding Sites in the DNA Sequences
No full textDiscovering Transcription Factor Binding Sites (TFBSs) or Motifs in DNA sequences is a challenging problem in both computer science and molecular biology. Discovering such motifs is very important to treat
diseases. Many techniques were proposed to solve this problem. All these techniques did not solve the problem accurately and efficiently. The main reason behind this problem is the misunderstanding of the regulatory mechanisms, and the mutations that may occur for the motif occurrences. Computationally this problem is NP-complete problem which means hard for all practical purposes.
We developed a linear algorithm to discover the string motifs in the DNA sequences with all possible lengths automatically where the previous algorithm was quadratic. Our linear algorithm is very fast and can manipulate very large sequences in few minutes. We also adapted our linear algorithm to discover motifs with mismatches. We benchmarked our algorithm on Sandve et al. suites where it achieved higher accuracy to detect real motifs. We also proposed new significant motifs for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, unreported by other works
Measurement of platelet function to determine the prevalence of aspirin non-responsiveness among Saudi type II diabetic patients
No full textAspirin is one of the most widely used drugs in the world. Aspirin is nowadays widely used in either the primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular events, and in patient at high risk for cardiovascular disease such as diabetic patients. Moreover, diabetes mellitus is a health problem in Saudia Arabia and worldwide and its incidence increase rapidly. Many studies concluded that platelets from diabetic patients are less responsiveness to aspirin that means they are unable to protect themselves from thrombotic events. Platelet function tests allow aspirin non-responsiveness to be identified in routine clinical practice.
Aims:
To estimate the prevalence of aspirin non-responsiveness in type II diabetic patient in saudia Arabia .
To investigate whether blood glucose level has a direct effect on the aspirin action on platelet aggregation among type II diabetic patient.
To find other possible factors that can interfere with inhibitory action of aspirin in platelets of type II diabetic patient .
Subject and methods: in this study 180 diabetic Patients with confirmed medical diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled for measuring the platelet aggregation in whole blood with multiple electrode aggregometry (MEA) on a device called Multiplate analyzer (ASPItest) that is highly sensitive towards aspirin. The aim is to evaluate the prevalence of aspirin non-responsiveness among saudi type 2 diabetic patients. In addition serum glucose level and other clinical data were collected to find out the possible determinant of reduced platelet sensitivity to the inhibitory action of aspirin.
Result: the main result of this study is the prevalence of aspirin non-responsiveness among 180 Saudi type 2 diabetic patient have been determined to be 9.44% .
Also we found there were a positive significant correlations between aspirin test and each of FBS, HbA1c, cholesterol and Platelet count. In contrast, there was no correlation between aspirin non-response and BMI, age or hypertension.
Conclusion: the result of the study show there is possibility of inhibition of the action of aspirin in diabetic patients desbite the regular ingestion of aspirin. We may suggest doing more studies to detect those patients who show resistant to aspirin and to decide the appropriate treatment for non- responder type 2 diabetic patients that is a significant health problem in Saudi Arabia and a conceder a high risk for cardiovascular disease, in addition there is also a need for alternative aspirin dosing schedules. It is now common practice using Combination therapy with aspirin and Clopidogrel to give better result in preventing the risk of cardiovascular disease. In
addition the finding of the relationship between the levels of glucose in the blood and aspirin resistance in this study conclude that the importance of controlling blood glucose in diabetic patients to guarantee better performance of aspirin action. Furthermore, regular examining of type 2 diabetic patients to determine the sensitivity of platelet to the antiplatelet therapy is necessary to protect them from the risk of cardiovascular complication