13949 research outputs found
Sort by
البعد عن الفصحى: أسبابه وعلاجه
No full textيتحدث البحث عن الفجوة بين اللغة العربية الفصحى وأبنائها، حتى جفاها كثير منهم ، فيسعى إلى أن يلم بالعوامل التي أدت إلى ذلك، ولاسيما تلك العوامل الراهنة نحو: الجاليات الأجنبية والمدارس الأجنبية؛ ومن ثم يهدف إلى إيجاد السبل العلاجية الناجحة لهذا الأمر التي من شأنها أن تقلص المساحة بين المرء العربي ولغته؛ فيعمد إلى عرض أهم مسببات البعد عن الفصحى،ويظهر أثرها في هويتنا ولغتنا،ويبين الطرق التي يمكن من خلالها أن ننشر الفصحى ونحافظ عليها، ومن ثم يخلص إلى خاتمة متضمنة مقترحات من شأنها - إذا طبقت - أن تحافظ على عربيتنا و هويتنا و مكانتنا
قضية اللفظ والمعنى بين الشريف المرتضى والشريف الرضي
No full textشغلت قضية ( اللفظ والمعنى ) عدداً كبيراً من العلماء، ولم تقتصر على النقاد والبلاغيين، بل خاض بها المفسرون والأدباء والفلاسفة وعلماء الكلام وحتى أهل اللغة والنحو .
وساعد على ظهور هذا الاختلاف في قضية ( اللفظ والمعنى ) تلك الطريقة التي تعامل بها هؤلاء مع هذه القضية، فمنهم من تعامل مع كل طرف على حده، إما ( اللفظ ) أو ( المعنى ) بما يحمله كل منهما من دلالة خاصة به، وفريق ثالث تعامل مع الطرفين معاً إذ لا لفظ من غير معنى، ولا معنى من دول لفظ، فصار هذا الفريق أقرب للصواب .
ويوجه هذا البحث اهتمامه إلى الاختلاف حول هذه القضية النقدية بين كل من الأخوين ( الشريف المرتضى ) و ( الشريف الرضي ) ويرجع أصل هذا الاختلاف بينهما إلى طريقة تعاملهما في تحليل النصوص، فالشريف المرتضى، عنى في شروحه بالشعر، فقد وقف أمام ما قاله الشعراء في كتابه ( الشيب والشباب ) من ابيات ووازن بينهما، وحاول الكشف عن سر جمالها، فوجده راجعاً إلى عذوبة الألفاظ، وروعة العبارة وسلامة الاسلوب، بينما جاء كثير من المعاني مكرراً، أو مشتركا بين أولئك الشعراء، والأمر نفسه فيما يتعلف بكتابة المعنون بـ( طيف الخيال ) .
أما الشريف الرضي فقد عنى بمجازات القرآن والحديث في المقام الأول، وأهتم بالكشف عن الدلالات المجازية، والمعاني المقصودة في الاستعارات، وحرص على تأويل تلك النصوص بما يتفق مع المراد منها، وليس مهماً – بالنسبة له – طريقة عرضها مادامت لا تخرج عن المتعارف عليه عند العرب .
وساعد على وضوح موقف كل من الأخوين تجاه قضية ( اللفظ والمعنى ) بعض العبارات التي وردت لكل منهما في هذا الشأن، ولعل أبرز أقوال ( الشريف المرتضى ) في ذلك قوله " حظ الألفاظ في الكلام الفصيح – منظوما ومنثورا – أقوى من حظ المعاني " أما أخوه ( الشريف الرضي ) فقد اشتهر عنه قوله في الشأن نفسه : إن الالفاظ خدم للمعاني، لأنها تعمل في تحسين معارضها وتنميق مطالعها " وكأن في هذين القولين إعلاناً واضحاً عن موقف كل منهما في إثراء قضية ( اللفظ والمعنى )
The Efficacy of Trunk Exercises on Improving Balance among Saudi Elderly Men with High Risk of Falling
No full textPurpose: This study has been done to investigate the efficacy of trunk exercises on improving balance among Saudi elderly men with high risk of falling.
Procedures: Eleven subjects based on patient history and physical examination participated in this study. Their age ranged from 60-75(66.5+3.0) years. All subjects had undergone gait and balance by Tinetti scale test in the beginning and at the end of program.
Result:The results of this study showed significant improvements in sitting balance (p=0.002) and standing balance (p=0.000) after six weeks of trunk exercises.
Conclusion:It was concluded that trunk exercises has marked effect on sitting and standing balance. The effect of trunk exercise on sitting and standing balance among old age is evidence for health care and professionals to consider it as one of the programs that could improve balance
Evaluation of the Phytochemical and Biological Properties of Albizia lebbeck Flowers Growing in Saudi Arabia
No full textMastersAlbizia lebbeck L. ( ( خبل ايزيبللأا is a member of the legume family (Fabaceae) which is the third largest family of flowering plants with more than 18,000 described species. A. lebbeck L. is among the most important tree species imported many years ago from India and well adapted to the harsh environmental conditions of the central part of Saudi Arabia. It is used for furniture, flooring and a variety of agricultural tools. The cut bark yields a reddish-brown gum used as a substitute for gum Arabic obtained from Acacia senegal. A. lebbeck L. has many synonyms such as Acacia, koko, shack-shack, whistling-bean, Sarenh and woman’s tongue.
The current literature revealed that some plants belonging to the genus Albizia have possessed medicinal values. Previous phytochemical investigation of different
species belonging to genus Albizia afforded different classes of secondary metabolites such as saponins, terpens, alkaloids and flavonoids. Some bioactive compounds were isolated and identified from genus Albizia e.g. triterpenoid saponins (julibroside J29, julibroside J30, julibroside J31) , novel macrocyclic alkaloids (budmunchiamines A, B and C) and two flavonol glycosides (quercitrin and isoquercitrin) which showed different biological activities such as anti-tumor, antiplatelets aggregation and bactericidal activities.
Reviewing the current literature for the importance of the plant Albizia lebbeck growing worldwide revealed many biological interests, but nothing was reported concerning the species cultivated in Saudi Arabia. This study was dedicated to the biological investigations of some phytochemical metabolites in A. lebbeck. Preliminary biological evaluation of different extracts of the titled species has been performed and revealed the presence of secondary metabolites exhibiting antibacterial, estrogenic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities.
The phytochemical investigation of A. lebbeck cultivated in Saudi Arabia resulted in isolation and identification of one novel β- lactam derivative; albactam, in addition to seven knwon compounds; β- Amyrin, 11α, 12α-oxidotaraxerol, 1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl- [(2S, 3S, 4R, 8E)-2-[(2-R)-hydroxyhexadecanoylamino]-8-tetra-cosene-1, 3, 4-triol, [(2S, 3S, 4R, 8E)-2-[(2’R)-hydroxyhexadecanoylamino]-8-tetra-cosene-1, 3, 4-triol, 3, 7-dimethyloct-1-en-3, 6, 7-triol, rutin and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside. 11α, 12α-oxidotaraxerol, 3, 7-dimethyloct-1-en-3, 6, 7-triol, ceramide and its glycoside are reported for the first time from the species lebbeck.
The new compound, albactam, was subjected to further biological evaluation and it showed anti-aggregatory activity against adenosine diphosphate and arachidonic acid-induced guinea-pigs' platelets aggregation in vitro at doses 208 μg/ml and 172 μg/ml respectively, whereas yields of other compounds were low.
Therefore, this study is represented in five parts:
- Part 1: The introductory part that includes a review of taxonomic classification of Albizia lebbeck, folkloric uses and biological activities.
Furthermore, the isolation of chemical constituents from A. lebbeck are covered in this part.
- Part 2: Materials and methods that includes all materials, equipments and techniques used in this study. In addition, the details of the biological evaluation methods, isolation and characterization of isolates are covered. Moreover, detailed preliminary phytochemical screening tests are also presented.
- Part 3: Results and discussion includes characterization and structure elucidations of the isolated compounds are listed.
- Part 4: Detailed biological screening results for antimicrobial, antipyretic, analgesic, estrogenic and anti-inflammatory activities are presented in the biological investigation part.
- Part 5: Includes a list of references found at the end of this thesi
From LeRoi Jones to Amiri Baraka: The Development of a Black Poet‟s Consciousness
No full textThis thesis deals with the development of the consciousness of the African American poet Amiri Baraka, formerly known as LeRoi Jones. The thesis is divided into three major chapters and a conclusion. In the first chapter, I introduce my topic and the methodology of the research. I also cite the major studies used to approach the topic in the literature review. The second part of the chapter is devoted to the biographical and historical backgrounds that enable a better understanding of the literary expressions used by the poet and his poetry in general. I trace the biographical facts and the historical circumstances that affected Baraka and helped in shaping his identity and his art. In the second chapter, I discuss two important stages of Baraka‟s career as a poet: the Beat period and the transitional period. A study of a selection of his poems from both stages demonstrate that his consciousness was influenced by a series of complex changes and developments that were related to his continued alienation as a black artist working within a white aesthetic tradition. In the third chapter, I examine the stage that I call „building consciousness‟. In this chapter, I trace the development of Baraka‟s consciousness in the Black Arts Movement, Black Nationalist Movement, and Third World Marxist periods, as well as the more recent and controversial poem titled “Somebody Blew Up America,” which I examine in respect to its significance to the poet‟s long career. A brief section is added to trace the poet‟s achievements between 2008 and 2009. Finally, the conclusion summarizes the previous chapters asserting the study‟s major hypothesis that Baraka‟s different stances and poetic expressions attest to an ever-developing, ever-changing consciousness centered on his identification as a black man
Submersions of CR- Submanifolds on an almost Hermitian manifold
No full textS. Kobayashi has shown [Tohoku Math. J. (2) 39 (1987), no. 1,
95—100; MR 88d:32032] that if an almost
Hermitian manifold admits a Riemannian submersion of a CR-submanifold of a Kahler manifold, then is
necessarily a Kahler manifold. In this article, the authors study a
similar problem for CR-submanifolds of manifolds in different classes
of almost Hermitian manifolds, such as quasi-Kahler manifolds and
nearly Kahler manifolds. They also generalize the cohomology class
of a CR-submanifold of a Kahler manifold introduced by the reviewer
[Ann. Fac. Sci. Toulouse Math. (5) 3 (1981), no. 2,
167—172; MR 83f:53048] to a CR-submanifold of a Hermitian manifold
with integrable holomorphic distribution which admits a certain
Riemannian submersion
Apoptotic genes expression in mice hepatocytes during malaria infection
No full textMalaria represents a major global health problem by causing multi-cellular dysfunctions in the infected host. The aim of the present study was to investigate the Apoptotic gene expression in liver of mice during malaria disease by mRNA expression of three genes involved in apoptosis; Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 and other parameters at different time points after infection with Plasmodium chabaudi in the liver cells of female C57BL/6 mice. Mice were injected intraperitoneally (ip) with 106 P. chabaudi-infected erythrocytes and then scarified at days (0, 1, 4 and 8 respectively). Quantitative real time PCR and immunoblotting were used to quantify apoptotic genes and protein kinetic, respectively. The levels of Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 were significantly (P<0.05) increased only at days 1 and 8 compared with day 0 in both the liver cells and protein. The levels of parasitemia was significantly (P<0.01) increased at day 8 compared with day 0 in the blood. These results have shown that P. chabaudi induced apoptosis in the liver cells. Thus, this study suggest that the induced apoptotic gene expression was due to the out come of malaria
Evaluation of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Arabian Gulf
No full textThe present study is an attempt to assess the heavy metal contamination in the marine environment of the Arabian Gulf of Saudi Arabia. The concentrations of heavy metals in water and the soft tissues of the bivalve species Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus, 1758, from different stations along the Arabian Gulf coastline, were determined during the summer season of 2008. Bioaccumulation of some heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn) in fresh parts of the clam (M. meretrix) was measured by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The average concentrations of heavy metals in the clam tissues were 0.224–0.908, 0.294–2.496, 3.528–8.196, and 12.864–24.56 mg/kg wet weight for Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn, respectively. In water, the mean concentration values of these metals were arranged in the following descending order: Pb > Cu > Zn > Cd. The heavy metal concentrations in tissues of M. meretrix were within the acceptable standards set by the US Environmental Protection Agency, the Commission Européenne, and the Food and Drug Administration of the USA. From the human public health point of view, these results seem to show no possibility of acute toxicities of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn if the edible clam is consumed. It is recommended that relevant authorities should carry out a continual assessment on the levels of these pollutants in the studied are
اتجاهات أعضاء هيئة التدريس بالجامعات السعودية نحو استخدام نظام إدارة التعلّم الالكتروني جسور
No full textيهدف البحث إلى التعرف على اتجاهات أعضاء هيئة التدريس بالجامعات السعودية نحو استخدام نظام إدارة التعلّم الالكتروني جسور الذي يتبع للمركز الوطني للتعلم الالكتروني، واستخدم البحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي كما استخدم البحث مقياس لاستطلاع الرأي من ثلاثة محاور يتكون من 34 عبارة بالاضافة الى عبارتين لقياس صدق المفحوص، ومحدد على مقياس ليكرت خمس درجات، وطبق على عينة قوامها (90) عضو هيئة تدريس ببعض كليات الجامعات السعودية تم اختيارهم بالعينة المتاحة، وصمم المقياس بطريقة الكترونية ووزع برابط عبر البريد الالكتروني، واستخدم البحث المتوسطات والتكرارات وتحليل التباين الأحادي ANOVA لتحليل النتائج الإحصائية.
وقد توصل البحث إلى نتائج تشير إلى وجود اتجاهات ايجابية لدى أعضاء هيئة التدريس بالجامعات السعودية نحو نظام إدارة التعلّم الالكتروني جسور رغم عدم تفعيل استخدامه بشكل كاف، وأظهرت عينة الدراسة مدى حاجاتهم للتدريب على استخدام النظام وبخاصة إدارة محتوى التعلّم ومشاركة الملفات والمنتديات وبنك الأسئلة، كما توصل البحث إلى عدم وجود فروق في الاتجاهات نحو استخدام النظام بين أعضاء هيئة التدريس بين نوعيات الكليات الإنسانية والعلمية والصحية.، وتضمن البحث (9) جداول و(3) أشكال و(20) مرجعا
DISCRETE-TIME MODEL FOR PWM CONVERTERS IN DISCONTINUOUS CAPACITOR VOLTAGE MODE
No full textA discrete-time model for pulse-width modulated (PWM) converters operating in the discontinuous capacitor voltage mode (DCVM) is formulated. It leads to the exact discrete-time mathematical representation of the values of the output and internal signals. A one cycle- average (OCA) discrete-time model is introduced. This model provides the exact discrete-time mathematical representation of the averaged values of the output signal. This model also provides the average values of other internal signals with little increase in simulation time. Numerical simulations show the accuracy and speed of the proposed method