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Professional and survivor perspectives on a co-located early domestic abuse intervention in a police station:A qualitative study
Get PDFThe quantity and complex nature of reported and recorded domestic abuse incidents has continued to grow, demanding more efficient and effective support for survivors to reduce harm and prevent escalation of risk. Early intervention could be supported through the co-location of domestic violence and abuse advisors in police stations. This study explored the benefits of a co-located domestic abuse intervention support hosted in a UK police station. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with survivors and professionals involved in the delivery of the intervention. Transcripts were analysed separately using reflexive thematic analysis before data from the two groups were triangulated. Seven survivors and twelve professionals took part. Two themes were generated: experiences and outcomes from cases reported, and types and forms of support offered to survivors. Professionals also commented on the benefits of having additional people reviewing cases. Findings demonstrated positive collaborative working in a co-located setup and perceived improvements in survivor experiences and outcomes
EU Stock Market Integration: Policy Impact and Drivers
Get PDFThis study examines the dynamics of EU stock market integration (ESMI) by disentangling it from global stock market integration (GSMI). Using ESMI’s strength relative to GSMI, we assess how EU policies, financial crises, and cross-country disparities in economic, business, and market conditions influence integration, employing both machine learning and econometric models. The results indicate that ESMI is predominantly influenced by GSMI. Among potential drivers, differences in expected corporate performance across EU member states, i.e., expectation disparity, are the most significant. In contrast, EU-level policies exhibit no or only short-lived effects. Brexit and the COVID-19 pandemic appear to increase ESMI through synchronized market reactions. These findings suggest that EU financial integration is heavily shaped by global forces and internal asymmetries, thereby raising questions about the long-term effectiveness of EU integration policies.JEL classification
Global age-sex-specific all-cause mortality and life expectancy estimates for 204 countries and territories and 660 subnational locations, 1950–2023: a demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023
No full textBackgroundComprehensive, comparable, and timely estimates of demographic metrics—including life expectancy and age-specific mortality—are essential for evaluating, understanding, and addressing trends in population health. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of timely and all-cause mortality estimates for being able to respond to changing trends in health outcomes, showing a strong need for demographic analysis tools that can produce all-cause mortality estimates more rapidly with more readily available all-age vital registration (VR) data. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) is an ongoing research effort that quantifies human health by estimating a range of epidemiological quantities of interest across time, age, sex, location, cause, and risk. This study—part of the latest GBD release, GBD 2023—aims to provide new and updated estimates of all-cause mortality and life expectancy for 1950 to 2023 using a novel statistical model that accounts for complex correlation structures in demographic data across age and time.MethodsWe used 24 025 data sources from VR, sample registration, surveys, censuses, and other sources to estimate all-cause mortality for males, females, and all sexes combined across 25 age groups in 204 countries and territories as well as 660 subnational units in 20 countries and territories, for the years 1950–2023. For the first time, we used complete birth history data for ages 5–14 years, age-specific sibling history data for ages 15–49 years, and age-specific mortality data from Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems. We developed a single statistical model that incorporates both parametric and non-parametric methods, referred to as OneMod, to produce estimates of all-cause mortality for each age-sex-location group. OneMod includes two main steps: a detailed regression analysis with a generalised linear modelling tool that accounts for age-specific covariate effects such as the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and a population attributable fraction (PAF) for all risk factors combined; and a non-parametric analysis of residuals using a multivariate kernel regression model that smooths across age and time to adaptably follow trends in the data without overfitting. We calibrated asymptotic uncertainty estimates using Pearson residuals to produce 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) and corresponding 1000 draws. Life expectancy was calculated from age-specific mortality rates with standard demographic methods. For each measure, 95% UIs were calculated with the 25th and 975th ordered values from a 1000-draw posterior distribution.FindingsIn 2023, 60·1 million (95% UI 59·0–61·1) deaths occurred globally, of which 4·67 million (4·59–4·75) were in children younger than 5 years. Due to considerable population growth and ageing since 1950, the number of annual deaths globally increased by 35·2% (32·2–38·4) over the 1950–2023 study period, during which the global age-standardised all-cause mortality rate declined by 66·6% (65·8–67·3). Trends in age-specific mortality rates between 2011 and 2023 varied by age group and location, with the largest decline in under-5 mortality occurring in east Asia (67·7% decrease); the largest increases in mortality for those aged 5–14 years, 25–29 years, and 30–39 years occurring in high-income North America (11·5%, 31·7%, and 49·9%, respectively); and the largest increases in mortality for those aged 15–19 years and 20–24 years occurring in Eastern Europe (53·9% and 40·1%, respectively). We also identified higher than previously estimated mortality rates in sub-Saharan Africa for all sexes combined aged 5–14 years (87·3% higher in GBD 2023 than GBD 2021 on average across countries and territories over the 1950–2021 period) and for females aged 15–29 years (61·2% higher), as well as lower than previously estimated mortality rates in sub-Saharan Africa for all sexes combined aged 50 years and older (13·2% lower), reflecting advances in our modelling approach. Global life expectancy followed three distinct trends over the study period. First, between 1950 and 2019, there were considerable improvements, from 51·2 (50·6–51·7) years for females and 47·9 (47·4–48·4) years for males in 1950 to 76·3 (76·2–76·4) years for females and 71·4 (71·3–71·5) years for males in 2019. Second, this period was followed by a decrease in life expectancy during the COVID-19 pandemic, to 74·7 (74·6–74·8) years for females and 69·3 (69·2–69·4) years for males in 2021. Finally, the world experienced a period of post-pandemic recovery in 2022 and 2023, wherein life expectancy generally returned to pre-pandemic (2019) levels in 2023 (76·3 [76·0–76·6] years for females and 71·5 [71·2–71·8] years for males). 194 (95·1%) of 204 countries and territories experienced at least partial post-pandemic recovery in age-standardised mortality rates by 2023, with 61·8% (126 of 204) recovering to or falling below pre-pandemic levels. There were several mortality trajectories during and following the pandemic across countries and territories. Long-term mortality trends also varied considerably between age groups and locations, demonstrating the diverse landscape of health outcomes globally.InterpretationThis analysis identified several key differences in mortality trends from previous estimates, including higher rates of adolescent mortality, higher rates of young adult mortality in females, and lower rates of mortality in older age groups in much of sub-Saharan Africa. The findings also highlight stark differences across countries and territories in the timing and scale of changes in all-cause mortality trends during and following the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–23). Our estimates of evolving trends in mortality and life expectancy across locations, ages, sexes, and SDI levels in recent years as well as over the entire 1950–2023 study period provide crucial information for governments, policy makers, and the public to ensure that health-care systems, economies, and societies are prepared to address the world's health needs, particularly in populations with higher rates of mortality than previously known. The estimates from this study provide a robust framework for GBD and a valuable foundation for policy development, implementation, and evaluation around the world
E-cooker system and metered data from the SET Project
No full textSET e-cooker PV-battery system data and metered data from a connected pressure cooker, induction hob and light. System parameters/units and household/system ID numbers are given in the attached tables. The meter data files have the suffix P, I and L for the pressure cooker, induction hob and light, respectively. In comparison to version 2: 10.5281/zenodo.13896192, this version of the system and metered data has had a timestamp correction applied. During installation, several of the dataloggers were disconnected causing an error in the timestamps to occur. A timestamp correction has been applied based on the initial PV output reading for each dataset. Due to missing data or errors occurring during maintenance/operation that cannot be reliably corrected, households 1, 4, 7, 9, 15 and 17 have been removed from this version of the datasets. The household kitchen sensor data can be found in version 1: 10.5281/zenodo.13192469 The survey data can be found in version 3: 10.5281/zenodo.13907668 We would like to acknowledge the financial support of the Innovate UK, Energy Catalyst programme for funding the Solar Energy Transitions (SET) Inclusive e-cooking in sub-Saharan Africa Project (10044025). We would like to thank project delivery partners Coventry University, Mesh Power and Rwanda Energy Group and recognise Climate Solutions Consulting for their significant technical input. Our thanks extends to Kayonza District and its district leaders, REG’s community mobilisers and translators, Mesh Power’s technical support team and the Coventry University Africa Hub. Our profound thanks go to all the participating households, whose engagement was crucial to the project’s success. To cite, please use: Nixon, J., Halford, A., Ashraf, R., Habyarimana, C., Kabananiye, J., Lefebvre, O., & Mori, R. (2024). Data from the SET Project [Data set]. Zenodo. 10.5281/zenodo.13192468
Public perceptions of violent extremism and the prevention of violent extremism in Mauritania and Burkina Faso
No full textSupplementary material for the following article published in Terrorism and Political Violence (date TBC): "Public perceptions of violent extremism and the prevention of violent extremism in Mauritania and Burkina Faso: What they tell us about the nature of the problem and opportunities for intervention.
'Cadets Weaving Connections: Teaching Conflict and Heroism Through Margaret Atwood's The Penelopiad'
No full textWomen's experiences of premature ovarian insufficiency: a thematic synthesis
Get PDFObjective: Receiving a diagnosis of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) can be an emotional and distressing experience for women. The aim of this meta-synthesis was to examine women’s experiences of POI both before and after diagnosis to provide new understandings of those experiences. Design: A systematic review of ten studies examining women’s experiences of POI. Results: Using thematic synthesis, three analytical themes were identified, demonstrating the complexity of experiences of women diagnosed with POI: ‘What is happening to me?’, ‘Who am I?’ and ‘Who can help me?’. Women experience profound changes and losses associated with their identity that they must adjust to. Women also experience an incongruence between their identity as a young woman and that of a menopausal woman. Difficulty was also experienced accessing support pre-and post-diagnosis of POI, which could hinder coping with and adjustment to the diagnosis. Conclusion: Women require adequate access to support following diagnosis of POI. Further training should be provided to health care professionals not only on POI but including the importance of psychological support for women with POI and the resources available to provide the much needed emotional and social support.</p