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Moral emotions mediate the association between pro-sexual harassment attitudes and sexual harassment perpetration in adolescents
No full textSexual harassment perpetration is prevalent among adolescent boys and girls across offline and online environments. Given the serious consequences of sexual harassment, understanding ways to reduce its perpetration is crucial. To do so, this study explored the mediating role of moral emotions (responsibility and disengagement) in the association between pro-sexual harassment attitudes and sexual harassment perpetration. We considered different forms of sexual harassment and examined whether the mediation model showed differences based on gender. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 1177 adolescents (47.7% girls) from Andalusia in Spain. The mediation model explained around 5–8% of variability in girls and 5–13% in boys, with lower explained variance for online sexual harassment forms. The multi-group analysis showed gender differences in the model, in the path from pro-sexual harassment attitudes to disengagement, and from responsibility to verbal/visual sexual harassment perpetration. Direct effects of pro-sexual harassment attitudes on all sexual harassment forms were observed for both boys and girls. However, the hypothesized indirect effects via moral emotions received only partial support. Specifically, all indirect associations via responsibility were positive and significant for boys and girls. Indirect associations via disengagement were significant only for boys in offline sexual harassment (verbal/visual and physical). These findings indicate that pro-sexual harassment attitudes and moral emotions, particularly those of responsibility, are key correlates of sexual harassment perpetration for boys and girls. School interventions should be used for addressing the normalisation of lenient pro-sexual harassment attitudes and further support students’ emotional development
How is the entrepreneurial mindset of university students formed? The role of entrepreneurial inspiration, education, methods, and environment
No full textAlthough few studies have been conducted on entrepreneurial mindset among students in the higher education sector, most of them have tried to explain the entrepreneurial mindset of students from traits and skills perspective. Considering that the results of these studies are unreliable in predicting the entrepreneurial mindset; using a cognitive approach, we investigated the formation of the entrepreneurial mindset among higher education students in Iran by considering the effect of latent variables of entrepreneurial environmental support, education, and methods and the mediating role of entrepreneurial inspirations. Our sample included 436 university students from management faculties in Iranian higher education institutions. The results of showed that the latent variables of entrepreneurial environmental support, education and inspiration had a positive and significant effect on the entrepreneurial mindset of students in the higher education sector in Iran. However, the effect of entrepreneurial education methods on the entrepreneurial mindset was not confirmed. In addition, the results of the study confirmed the indirect effect of entrepreneurial education (formal and non-formal) through entrepreneurial inspiration on the entrepreneurial mindset of those students. This research, while filling the gap in studies on entrepreneurial mindset among students, especially in a developing country like Iran, has appropriate practical implications for government and educational policymakers. For this purpose, formal and non-formal education courses can be held, entrepreneurial events can be organized, and entrepreneurs can be invited to attend universities and higher education institutions to develop the entrepreneurial mindset of students
Systematic review:The impact of virtual reality interventions on stress and anxiety in intensive care units
No full textWhat keeps FLAME lit? Comparing two modes of implementation of a physical education-based intervention to improve motor competence among Irish adolescents
Get PDFBackground: Adequate levels of motor competence (MC) have been associated with multiple health outcomes. Despite the preponderance of effective MC interventions, globally, levels of MC in children and adolescents are low. There is a gap in understanding what leads to effective implementation of MC interventions into routine practice, to benefit the wider population. Purpose: This study aims to compare implementation outcomes of two versions of Project FLAME: one group of teachers implementing Project FLAME as per the original efficacy trial (‘Original FLAME’), a second group of teachers implementing Project FLAME incorporating three additional implementation strategies (‘Modified FLAME’). Methods: A mixed method, two-group pre-and-post design, lasting six weeks during the period of September to November 2021. Three implementation evaluation outcomes were assessed: (i) PE teacher’s self-efficacy in delivering Project FLAME; (ii) Fidelity and adaptation to the project protocol; and (iii) Teachers’ and students’ responsiveness to the project. Data were collected at student and teacher levels using online survey and interviews. Nine PE teachers and their classes from eight schools consented to participate. Descriptives were reported for quantitative online survey data, and qualitative data were analysed thematically. Results: The final analytical sample included data from 9 teachers and 127 students pre- and post-study. Irrespective of implementation group, teachers with low levels of self-efficacy at the baseline improved after the six-week intervention. Teachers’ fidelity to the use of pedagogical external cues and error identification were high in both groups, with more adaptations made in the Modified FLAME group. Students’ satisfaction towards the intervention was high in both groups, with the use of pedagogical external cues reported as highly preferable. Conclusion: Findings provide evidence on the ‘non-negotiable’ features of Project FLAME that have the potential to be implemented for a longer-term in Physical Education settings (e.g. external teaching cues). The documented implementation of Project FLAME provide knowledge on what adaptations may be needed to translate an effective MC intervention into real-world practice. The study reaffirms that documenting the implementation (especially fidelity and adaptation) of MC interventions is beneficial.</p
Women and Peace-Building:A Case Study of the Guji-Gedio Conflict in Southern Ethiopia
Get PDFThis study examines the critical roles of women in post-conflict peace-building, with a particular focus on the Guji–Gedio conflict in southern Ethiopia. Using a qualitative research approach that integrates primary and secondary data, the study draws insights from 61 participants through key informant interviews, in-depth discussions with community members, and focus group sessions with women. The findings reveal that, despite enduring significant hardships during conflict, women's contributions to peace-building are severely restricted by entrenched patriarchal norms, traditional gender expectations, and limited access to education. The study underscores the pressing need for targeted interventions to dismantle these structural barriers and foster inclusive, equitable, and sustainable peace-building processes
Could AI technologies be harnessed to break down barriers to inclusivity for women entrepreneurship in tourism?
Get PDFDespite growing scholarly attention to artificial intelligence (AI) and gender-related challenges in tourism research, a void exists in how the responsible AI could be harnessed to enhance women’s inclusivity in tourism entrepreneurship. Drawing on Rawls’ theory of justice, this study aims to fill this glaring gap by exploring whether and how AI could contribute to fostering a more equitable, inclusive and ethically responsible entrepreneurial ecosystem for women, help break down existing barriers, and thus, support women’s entrepreneurial endeavors in the tourism sector. Based on qualitative data collected from semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with elite informants, the study highlights significant positive externalities of AI technologies adoption, beyond the generally recognized benefits in customer engagement and personalized offerings, efficiency, and overall performance, to help female entrepreneurs in particular deal with work-life balance predicaments, unanimously considered the most significant barrier to inclusivity. The findings also emphasize how responsible AI design, adoption and governance can help deal with prevalent ethical concerns of AI in tourism, namely, bias, lack of transparency, fairness and privacy, the absence of a human-centered approach, and accountability. The latter two, alongside gender biases, emerge as the ‘most sensitive ethical parameters’ for women’s inclusivity in tourism entrepreneurship. By integrating Rawls’ perspective the study offers a novel analytical lens for understanding how responsible AI can foster a more just and equitable entrepreneurial ecosystem for women in tourism, and for evaluating attendant strategies contributing to sustainable and inclusive growth. Important theoretical contributions and actionable managerial implications flow from the findings
An innovative approach for using non-noble metals as an alternative initiator for electroless copper plating of non-conductive materials
Get PDFIn the present study, a new approach to inducing the electroless copper deposition reaction was established utilising non-noble metals (zinc (Zn) and cobalt (Co)) as more sustainable, inexpensive, alternative initiators for electroless copper deposition with particular applicability to the coating of non-conductive materials. This work presents an innovative approach to replace critical raw materials (CRMs) like palladium (Pd) with more sustainable metals, addressing the growing risks of supply disruptions that threaten the progress of modern technologies, particularly in catalytic applications. The investigation involved the analysis of precipitates and electroless copper deposits using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical analysis employing cyclic voltammetry (CV), impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Tafel plots. The study clearly demonstrated that zinc (Zn) and cobalt (Co) particles are capable of initiating the electroless copper deposition process despite the fact that cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis indicated no detectable oxidation of the reducing agent on either Zn or Co. Such results provide compelling evidence for a non-catalytic, indirect initiation mechanism for electroless copper deposition on these metals. Complementary X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirmed the deposition of copper on the surfaces of Zn and Co particles, even in the absence of the reducing agent. For the first time, a mechanism for the indirect initiation of electroless copper deposition by non-noble metals (Zn and Co) has been elucidated. The key step involves a displacement (or galvanic exchange) reaction that facilitates the initial deposition of copper onto the non-noble metal surface. Subsequent copper deposition proceeds via the conventional electroless process, catalysed by the oxidation of formaldehyde on this preliminary copper layer. This indirect initiation mechanism contrasts with the well-known ‘direct’ Pd initiation process, whereby the first layer of copper is formed by the catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde on the Pd particles.</p
A Quantitative Methodology for Systemic Impact Assessment of Cyber Threats in Connected Vehicles
Get PDFThe increasing integration of digital technologies in connected vehicles introduces cybersecurity risks that extend beyond individual vehicles, with the potential to disrupt entire transportation systems. Current practice (e.g., ISO/SAE~21434 TARA) focuses on threat identification and qualitative impact ratings at the vehicle boundary, with limited systemic quantification. This study presents a systematic, simulation-based methodology for quantifying the systemic operational and safety impacts of cyber threats on connected vehicles, evaluating cascading effects across the transport network. Three representative scenarios are examined: (I) telematics-induced sudden braking causing a cascading collision, (II) remote disabling on a motorway (M25) segment, and (III) a compromised Roadside Unit (RSU) spoofing Variable Speed Limit (VSL) and phantom lane closure messages to connected and automated vehicles (CAVs). The results highlight the potential for cascading safety incidents and systemic operational degradation, as evidenced by the defined systemic operational and safety vectors, factors that are insufficiently addressed in the current scope of the ISO/SAE 21434 standard, which primarily focuses on individual vehicle-level threats. The findings underscore the need to incorporate systemic evaluation into existing frameworks to enhance cyber resilience across connected vehicle ecosystems. The framework complements ISO/SAE~21434 by supplying quantitative, reproducible evidence for the impact rating step at a systemic scale, reducing assessor subjectivity and supporting policy and operations, enabling more data-driven evaluations of systemic cyber risks
Lifestyle Intervention Improves Parasympathetic Activity in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Get PDFBackground: A limited number of studies have investigated the effects of lifestyle interventions in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). This study evaluated the effect of a novel lifestyle intervention incorporating physical activity (PA) and dietary nitrate supplementation on heart rate variability (HRV) and haemodynamic measures in HCM. Methods: Twenty-eight individuals with HCM were randomised into either the intervention or control group. Frequency-domain HRV measures including low frequency power (LF), high frequency power (HF) and LF/HF were recorded at rest using bioimpedance. Non-invasive haemodynamic variables were recorded at rest using bioreactance. Participants in the intervention group consumed 6 mmol of nitrate daily (concentrated beetroot juice) and were instructed to increase and maintain daily PA by ≥ 2000 steps/day above baseline for 16 weeks. Control group participants retained their usual lifestyle and monitored daily step counts. Results: There was a significant increase in post-intervention HF power (7.54 ± 2.14 vs 8.78 ± 1.60 ms2, P <.01) and LF power (6.89 ± 2.33 vs 8.17 ± 1.55, P <.01) in the intervention but not in the control group. Resting mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) in the intervention group significantly reduced at follow-up (108 ± 6 vs 102 ± 7 mmHg, P <.01).Conclusions: A novel lifestyle intervention including PA and dietary nitrate supplementation enhanced parasympathetic activity and resting MABP in HCM.<br/