46870 research outputs found
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Gaps Analysis:Addressing migration related transnational organised crime in Indonesian waters
No full textResearch conducted in collaboration between IOM Indonesia and Coventry University in 2015 and 2016, examined the way in which the Indonesian state understood and utilised the concept of maritime security1. As part of this research, a Training Needs Analysis of key Indonesian state maritime security actors was conducted, examining how Indonesia's maritime security capacity can be improved. In this framework, research participants identified ‘smuggling and trafficking of persons’ by sea as one of the top three predominant threats to Indonesia’s maritime security.Building on the previously conducted research, the project titled “Transcending Borders – Strengthening Coordination, Detection and Management of Migration-Related Transnational Organised Maritime Crime in Indonesia” seeks to further understand how this pluralism of threats and key actors have evolved since then, as well as how the key maritime security stakeholders’ capacities can be further improved. The research was conducted from January 2024 to July 2025, and it was funded by the Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement (INL), the U.S. Department of State. This report presents its findings, particularly focused on the key Indonesian maritime security stakeholders’ gaps analysis on combating migration-related TOC at sea, and their approach towards potentially establishing a maritime security consortium. The findings stem from the analysis of qualitative primary data collected from relevant research participants, through 27 semi-structured interviews between March and October 2024 in Jakarta, Batam (Riau Islands) and Ambon (Maluku Islands) and a focus group discussion with representatives from 13 Indonesian Institutions (both Government Ministries and Law Enforcement agencies), convened and delivered in Jakarta in Sep 2024
Revolutionizing Industry 5.0
No full textThe emergence of Industry 5.0 heralds a new era of industrial revolution characterized by the integration of advanced technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, and the Internet of Things (IoT) with human capabilities. This paradigm shift not only transforms production processes but also reshapes the landscape of human resources management, particularly in the context of the gig economy.This chapter explores the transformative impact of Industry 5.0 on human resource management (HRM) in the context of the gig economy. Unlike Industry 4.0, which prioritized automation and digitalization, Industry 5.0 integrates human-centric principles with advanced technologies like AI, collaborative robotics, and the IoT to create more adaptable, sustainable, and resilient industrial ecosystems. This evolution is particularly relevant in the gig era, where traditional employment models are being replaced by flexible, project-based work structures.Drawing on insights from scholarly research and industry practices, this chapter offers a comprehensive overview of the challenges and opportunities faced by organizations in leveraging Industry 5.0 to optimize their human capital management strategies in the gig era. It underscores the importance of proactive adaptation and innovation in HR practices to thrive in this dynamic and disruptive landscape. Through a detailed analysis of emerging trends, including the rise of gig platforms and the integration of remote and flexible work arrangements, the chapter presents a comprehensive view of how organizations can leverage Industry 5.0 principles to foster innovation, inclusivity, and resilience in the workplace. The chapter concludes with strategic recommendations for HR leaders to navigate the challenges and opportunities presented by this new industrial paradigm, emphasizing the need for agile and ethical HRM practices that support both technological advancements and human well-being
EU AI Act regulation: a study of non-European Union manufacturers' compliance preparedness
Get PDFPurpose – This study investigates the preparedness of manufacturing companies in the UK and Brazil to comply with the European Union’s artificial intelligence (AI) Act of 2024. It aims to assess these companies’ ability to identify AI-related risks, implement necessary compliance measures and evaluate a newly developed compliance framework designed to enhance regulatory compliance. Design/methodology/approach – A mixed-methods approach was adopted. First, 10 AI use case scenarios were identified from the literature related to production processes and products. A survey of 152 members from 87 companies in the UK and Brazil was conducted to gauge baseline readiness. Subsequently, a novel compliance framework was piloted with 11 of these companies. Pre- and post-pilot assessments were analysed to evaluate improvements in risk identification, regulatory knowledge and organisational confidence.Findings – The results reveal a significant gap in compliance readiness at baseline and substantial improvements post-intervention. Prior to the pilot, participants on average identified correctly the risk levels in only 40% of scenarios and just 42% demonstrated adequate knowledge of the Act’s provisions. After implementing the compliance framework, average risk identification accuracy rose to 86% and regulatory comprehension to 81%, indicating a marked improvement (p < 0.01). Participants’ self-reported confidence in managing AI compliance also increased correspondingly.Originality/value – This study is among the first to empirically examine AI Act compliance readiness in nonEU manufacturing companies. It provides a novel compliance framework to improve the capacity to manage AI related regulatory requirements. The study offers valuable insights for manufacturing managers and regulators navigating the interface of technological innovation and regulatory compliance. Keywords Artificial intelligence in manufacturing, Compliance framework, Artificial intelligence act, Non-European Union manufacturers, Risk-based regulation, Industry 4.0 Paper type Research articl
Mapping the margins:A decolonial exploration of Kenyan women’s encounters with violent extremism
No full textThis article explores violent extremism (VE) through an embodied, bottom-up lens, using body-mapping with Muslim women in Kenya. Drawing on two selected body maps, we critically interrogate the use of VE is as a framework for analysing the harm experienced by women. Our participants used the terminology of VE to refer to not only Al-Shabaab–related violence but also gender-based violence, gang violence, and state violence. These insights highlight a key tension in critical scholarship on VE: while often critiqued from a distance, VE is actively reappropriated by those most affected. We argue that, as a community disproportionately targeted by countering violent extremism (CVE) initiatives, our participants employed the language of VE as a form of adaptive resistance – challenging both the violent policing of CVE and the patriarchal violence embedded in their daily lives. This article contributes to feminist decolonial critiques of VE by centring the voices of those most impacted, and by questioning critiques that overlook lived experiences. Additionally, by sharing our arts-based methodology, we contribute to emerging literature on decolonial research practices. Finally, we raise critical questions about the intersections of gender-based violence, gang violence, state violence, and VE in Kenya and beyond
A Novel OCPP-Centric Hybrid Testbed and Dataset for EV Charging Infrastructure Security Threats Feasibility Testing
No full textThe rapid adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) has intensified demands on the Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure (EVCI), where operational security is critical to ensuring confidentiality, availability, integrity, and consumer trust. The Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) 1.6, central to EVCI interoperability, remains vulnerable to authentication spoofing, man-in-the-middle (MiTM) interception, and protocol manipulation attacks when deployed without robust security extensions. However, there is a notable lack of publicly available protocolcentric datasets that capture realistic EVCI traffic under benign and adversarial conditions. Therefore, this paper addresses this gap through the design of a novel hybrid testbed that combines virtual and physical components, including real OCPP-compliant chargers, EV Supply Equipment (EVSE) testers, and simulated EVs, to produce a semantically rich and attack-inclusive dataset. The dataset contains over 55 features spanning semantic message fields, finite-state machine (FSM) transitions, timing metrics, payload complexity, and network-level characteristics, derived from the official OCPP 1.6 and 2.0 specification. Comparative analysis with the important and widely used internet of things (IoT) and EVCI datasets highlights the superior semantic depth, FSM structure, and realistic stealth attack representation of our dataset. This work provides a reproducible foundation for developing protocol-centric intrusion detection and prevention systems to detect sophisticated and context-driven anomalies in EV charging ecosystems
Integration of Telecollaboration in the Language Teacher Education Curriculum:Critical Insights from Teacher Educators from Turkey, Brazil and the UK
No full textThis chapter discusses how the Covid 19 pandemic has normalized online and remote learning, and opened dynamic and interactive ways to integrate telecollaboration in English Language Teaching (ELT) curricula and practice in Higher Education. It proposes that the integration of telecollaboration in ELT is also giving the opportunity to explore how to decolonise this field. The positive impact of telecollaboration for pre-service and in-service language teacher education has already been documented, this chapter aims to provide case studies involving Global South and Global North contexts. It illustrates different models of integration of telecollaboration in the ELT curricula at both undergraduate and postgraduate level in Türkiye, Brazil, and the UK. The analysis addresses modes of integration, tasks and technologies, challenges and solutions, the effect of contextual factors, the pedagogical mentoring issues encountered, educators’ motivation and the varying levels of institutional support. The chapter concludes by reporting on the lessons learnt. <br/
Exploring the reciprocal relationship between reflective and behavioural moral self-efficacy:An agentic perspective to hinder moral disengagement at work
No full textMoral self-efficacy refers to individuals' beliefs in their capability to effectively mobilise motivation, cognitive resources and strategic actions to achieve moral performance particularly in challenging situations. We adopt the conceptualization of moral self-efficacy that encompasses both self-reflective and behavioural components. The self-reflective dimension pertains to one's perceived capability to reflect on past moral lapses, while the behavioural dimension involves one's perceived capability to regulate future moral conduct. The study aims to explore moral self-efficacy as a “dynamic” process unfolding over time, focusing on the reciprocal influence between its self-reflective and behavioural dimensions in hindering the development of moral disengagement. Utilising a three-wave design with a sample of 1308 employees (50% females) at Time 1 results of a structural equation model support the hypothesized interplay between self-reflective and behavioural moral self-efficacy over time. In addition, our findings partly support our hypothesized relationships between moral self-efficacy dimensions and moral disengagement: self-reflective moral self-efficacy directly and negatively influenced the development of moral disengagement over time, while behavioural moral self-efficacy negative influenced it only indirectly through self-reflective moral self-efficacy
Jamaica’s Renewable Energy Crossroads: Transitional Challenges and Recommendations
No full textJamaica’s renewable energy drive towards higher penetration rates into the national electrical grid has made significant progress since the early 2000s. However, the nation has continued to exhibit a societal tendency toward electricity theft (non-technical losses). Updated statistics from the national electricity grid provider the Jamaica Public Service Company Limited (JPS) speaks of non-technical losses of around 20%.Research into high-profile communities exhibiting electrical theft was conducted to assess the correlation between electrical theft and alternative lighting technologies, knowledge of energy use and the cost of lighting technologies. Therefore, this chapter explores the major challenges of non-technical losses toward the electrical grid and presents potential recommendations for alternative lighting technologies to aid in the excessive energy demand of 200,000 plus illegally connected households
School ACTIVE, brain active:A meta-analysis and meta-regression on chronic school physical activity effects on cognitive performance in children and adolescents
No full textObjective: To describe the chronic physical activity at school effects on children and adolescents' cognitive performance, examining different types of intervention in the school environment. Design: A systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression was conducted including experimental studies reporting the effects of physical activity at school on cognitive performance in children and adolescents. Data sources: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library from database inception to February 30, 2023. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies: Studies with: (P) healthy children and adolescents, (I) interventions with physical activity at school (sports, general physical activity, and physical exercises), (C) a control group, (O) cognitive flexibility, working memory, inhibitory control, and attention outcomes; and (S) Randomised trials of RCTs and longitudinal designs. Results: Eighteen studies were included. The interventions were divided into three groups: different team games, general physical activity, and different physical exercises. Physical activity at school was associated with changes in cognitive flexibility (g: 0.244; 95% CI 0.116 to 0.373; p < 0.001; I2 = 0%); in working memory (g: 0.123; 95% CI 0.028 to 0.219; p = 0.012; I2 = 14%); in inhibitory control (g: 0.122; 95% CI 0.062 to 0.182; p < 0.001; I2 = 3%); and in attention (g: 0.100; 95% CI 0.040 to 0.161; p < 0.001; I2 = 0%). Conclusion: Our results support that interventions with chronic physical activity at school have a positive effect on cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, working memory, and attention in children and adolescents. Subgroup analyses established that the impact on each outcome essentially depends on the type of intervention performed. Meta-regression showed that age was a valid predictor of improvements in working memory. Prospero registration: CRD42021274668.</p