KeiO Academic Resource Archive

ショー, ジョン B.

Shaw, John Buxton

Obujekutobēsu no sutōrīteringu : hedonikku eno dōki o mitasu tame no atarashii apurōchi

カワダ, ヨウコウ

Kawada, Yōkō

河田, 陽向

別表５ 
	 	 (3) 
 主 論 文 要 旨 No.1     
報告番号 甲	 乙	 第	 	 	 	 	 	 号 氏	 名 河田陽向 
 
主 論 文 題 名： 
	 Social Choice and Measurement 
 
 
 
（内容の要旨） 
This thesis consists of four essays on social choice and measurement. I study 
various “aggregation rules” such as voting rules, electoral systems, 
aggregation formulas of Human Development Index, and measures of 
population ageing. These are functions that aggregate “many” to “one”. For 
example, voting rules aggregate different individual preferences and choose 
one alternative from others. Similarly, a measure of population ageing is a 
function that maps individual ages to one real number that indicates the level 
of population ageing in a society.  
 
In Chapter 1, I propose a voting rule based on cosine similarity. Cosine 
similarity is a commonly used similarity measure in computer science. I apply 
this similarity measure to define a voting rule, namely, the cosine similarity 
rule. This rule selects a social ranking that maximizes cosine similarity 
between the social ranking and a given preference profile. Our main finding is 
that the cosine similarity rule in fact coincides with the Borda rule. 
 
In Chapter 2, I study electoral systems in representative democracies. I define 
an electoral system as a function that maps each preference profile to the 
distribution of seats among political parties in the congress or legislative 
chambers. My purpose is to search for electoral systems in which the 
distribution of seats in the congress can appropriately reflect preferences of the 
people in the nation. I introduce two consistency conditions for electoral 
systems, Condorcet consistency and Borda consistency. I first present a 
paradox of single-member district systems, namely, the Loser Dominance 
Paradox, which exhibits difficulty in the consistent aggregation of preferences 
of the people. Next, I show that single-member district systems and simple 
proportional representation systems violate both consistency conditions. 
Finally, I propose a new electoral system, namely, the Borda proportional 
representation system and show that it satisfies both consistency conditions. 
 
別表５ 
	 	 (3) 
 主 論 文 要 旨 No.2	    
 
In Chapter 3, I propose a new approach for multidimensional evaluation when 
achievements in different dimensions are not easily comparable. Our approach 
can be applied to measurements of well-being based on capability approach 
such as human development or multidimensional poverty. In measurements 
of such things, we should respect (i) monotonicity to each achievement and (ii) 
incomparability across different dimensions. However, any method currently 
in use does not respect (i) or (ii). I introduce a new axiom dimensional 
independence that captures incomparability across different dimensions. 
Then, I propose new methods for multidimensional evaluation and show that 
our methods satisfy both of monotonicity and dimensional independence. 
Moreover, in a certain class of methods, I find a unique method that satisfies 
monotonicity, dimensional independence, and minimal lower boundedness. I 
apply this method for measurement of human development and compute new 
human development indices of 188 countries. 
 
In Chapter 4 (co-authored with Yuta Nakamura and Noriaki Okamoto), we 
study the measurement of population ageing. Population ageing is one of the 
most serious problems in many developed countries. The level of population 
ageing is often measured by “usual” measures such as the share of the older 
population, mean age, median age, and the dependency ratio. However, these 
measures violate elementary properties for measuring population ageing. We 
propose a new measure of population ageing that overcomes drawbacks of the 
measures currently in use. We introduce a new condition called the working 
age principle, which is a sensitivity condition to thickness of the working age 
population. Our measure is the only measure that satisfies monotonicity, 
continuity, separability, normalization, and the working age principle. 
 
 


Social choice and measurement (要旨)

サカタ, サチコ

Sakata, Sachiko

坂田, 幸子

Supeingo no zen\u27eishi ni okeru hikōki no sōzōryoku : "rizar el rizo/loop the loop" to iu hyōgen o megutte

『慶應義塾大学日吉紀要 : 言語・文化・コミュニケーション』投稿規定

Keiō hōgaku henshū kiyaku

オカ, ノブヒロ

Oka, Nobuhiro

岡, 伸浩

慶應義塾大学大学院法務研究科教授; 弁護士

Professor, Keio University Law School; Attorney at law

Reconsideration of the purpose of prohibition of legal proceedings trust (5. end)

スガワラ, タカヨシ

Sugawara, Takayoshi

菅原, 貴与志

Professor of commercial law, Keio University Law School; Attorney at law

Proving negligence in securities litigation

ササキ, タカヒロ

Sasaki, Takahiro

佐々木, 孝浩

A study on the position of the title on the cover page written by Fujiwara no Teika (Sadaie)

Keio University

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Obujekutobēsu no sutōrīteringu : hedonikku eno dōki o mitasu tame no atarashii apurōchi

Social choice and measurement (要旨)

Supeingo no zen\u27eishi ni okeru hikōki no sōzōryoku : "rizar el rizo/loop the loop" to iu hyōgen o megutte

『慶應義塾大学日吉紀要 : 言語・文化・コミュニケーション』投稿規定

Keiō hōgaku henshū kiyaku

Reconsideration of the purpose of prohibition of legal proceedings trust (5. end)

Proving negligence in securities litigation

A study on the position of the title on the cover page written by Fujiwara no Teika (Sadaie)

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Brandstiftung und Todesfolge als Strafzumessungsgrund

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