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An Empirical study on the dynamic capabilities of public innovation cluster
Get PDFThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Public Policy, 2021This study applies the dynamic capabilities concept introduced by Teece (2007) to examine the sustainable growth capability of the Daedeok Research Complex (DRC), a public innovation cluster in Korea. The thesis measures the three main components of dynamic capabilities - sensing, seizing, and transforming -as well as organizational cultural characteristics. This study conducted questionnaire surveys and semi-structured interviews with employees of public research institutions in DRC. The survey results were analyzed using a structural equation model (SEM), and the author conducted further interview about rejected hypothesis with three principal researchers and two directors who belong to the public IT institute.
The findings indicated that the information searching and benchmarking capabilities of sensing had a significant effect on the internalization of knowledge of seizing, while networking relationships did not it. In turn, the organization’s internalization of knowledge had a significant effect on the resource adjustment or integration capability, but did not have a significant effect on the resource relocation or reconfiguration capability. In addition, organizational cultural characteristics had a positive mediating effect on the resource transformation capability. Through interviews with employees, the reason why networking relationship did not have significant effect on the organization’s internalization of knowledge was the culture of competition among members due to PBS. The reason why the internalization of knowledge did not have a significant effect on the resource relocation or reconfiguration was the complicated research project reporting structure and weak authority of the head of the institution.
Overall, these findings suggest that the Korean government should focus on improving methods of evaluating public research and development (R&D) organizations, giving more authority to the heads of these institutions, and fostering an open organizational culture.1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Research method and hypothesis
4. Data Analysis
5. ConclusionmasterpublishedJeongyun LE
The Impact of Tax Treaties on Foreign Direct Investment: the Evidence Reconsidered
Get PDFThe existing empirical literature often reports a non-significant or even negative impact of tax treaties on foreign direct investment. Such mixed evidence stokes controversy over the validity of tax treaties. This paper reconsiders the empirical evidence for the relationship between tax treaties and FDI, using U.S. outbound FDI to 78 countries over the period 2007–2018. Unlike previous studies, this one explicitly controls for differences in the tax environments of recipient economies, including tax haven status, transfer pricing rules, CFC rules, anti-avoidance regulations and corporate income tax rates, in the estimation. Our results confirm the importance of controlling for country-specific tax environments, especially tax haven status and transfer pricing rules, to avoid omitted variable bias. We find that tax treaties positively contribute to FDI inflow in developing countries, while they have no statistically significant impacts to OECD countries. Recently-signed tax treaties still foster FDI but less than older ones do. Finally, our results indicate that, other things being equal, the weaker the transfer pricing regulations, the greater the amount of U.S direct investment into a recipient country
Leaders Need to Be Led: Complementary Followership through Interchangeable Roles among Leader-Follower Positions
Get PDFLeadership is often recognized as a major driver for successful team effectiveness. However, even weak leadership may show good team performance, and it is worth studying how weak leadership can be helped and complemented by followership. To investigate this paradoxical mechanism behind leadership-followership practices, we examined (1) multi-dimensional figures of leadership and followership using the multifactor leadership questionnaire (MLQ), and (2) the impacts of the combinations of leadership and followership on team performances both during and after a community-driven development (CDD) program. To that end, this study examined a rural CDD case implemented by the Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA) and the Myanmar Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Irrigation (MOALI). The CDD leaders of 100 villages (and randomly selected residents of each village) were surveyed. And the collected data were analyzed using regression analysis method. The analyses present some common patterns of how weak leadership and strong followership can lead to better performance than other combinations of leadership and followership. First, the W-S state (Weak leadership and Strong followership) could be better for CDD performances than S-S (Strong leadership and Strong followership) and S-W (Strong leadership and Weak followership). This means that W-S is a necessary condition for successful group performance, which implies that having weak leadership can be an opportunity for strengthening followership. In detail, from the followers’ perspective, strong followership in some factors (intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration, and contingent reward) may best complement weak leadership in the same factors during CDD program. For the sustainability of community development, followership in idealized influence (i.e., trustful dedication) can help complement weak leadership so as to sustain community development even after the CDD program completed. Second, strong leadership could be detrimental to CDD performances because there were some negative impacts of S-S (Strong leadership and Strong followership) and S-W (Strong leadership and Weak followership). We conclude with theoretical and practical conditions of “complementary followership” i.e., the complementary combinations of leadership and followership in group performance
a case of public universities in the Kurdistan region/Iraq
Get PDFThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Public Management, 2021COVID-19 affected all the sectors all over the world, and its impact in the education sector was a negative one. In Kurdistan, the government announced the closure of schools even before the confirmation of first case of COVID-19 in the region as a way of curbing the spread of the virus. To keep the students active and ensure continued learning over time, the government required that schools embrace home-based learning where all the pedagogical processes would be done remotely. However, it is reported that students, teachers, and other stakeholders faced a lot of issues in ensuring successful implementation of online learning which formed the basis of this research. There are no empirical studies showing the challenges that public universities in the region experienced. To do this, the researcher selected 14education experts using convenient sampling technique to take part in the study. They were engaged in interviews which were semi- structured and later on focus groups where they entered into a discussion with the interview to ensure they give as much detailed information as possible. Thus, the study followed a phenomenological design where the report given in the study is a report of lived experiences of the 14 experts concerning their encounters of the challenges. The study found out 7 themes through thematic analysis which represented the major issues public universities are facing; poor internet connection, illiteracy of teachers on technological matters, resistance from students, lack of devices, poor electricity connection, lack of platforms, and lack of conducive environments.CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW
CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY
CHAPTER IV: RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONmasterpublishedHawzhin Hama Ameen ISMAE
The Impact of Covid-19 and its policy response on Korea's export
Get PDFThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Public Policy, 2021The lockdown policies, which are composed of various measures like workplace closing, cancel public events, stay-at-home requirements, are adopted to block the transmission of COVID-19. It may succeed in blocking the infections, but it has negative impacts on the global economy in terms of production and consumption. In this research, the author tries to focus on the impacts of COVID-19 and its policy responses on Korea’s exports by using COVID-19 case and death data, policy response data from OxCGRT, immobility data from Google. The importing countries’ COVID-19 and the policy responses have negative impacts on Korea’s exports even though some of the indicators are not statistically significant. Also the country groups such as OECD, EU, ASEAN, and OPEC have shown the mitigation of negative impacts of COVID-19 and its policy responses and immobility. Korea’s COVID-19 situation, its policy responses and immobility in the workplace have positive impacts on Korea''s exports. The author also tries to check the baseline’s results by doing the estimation with product division, adding time-lag variables, and dividing the region by capital and non-capital area and confirms that the direction of coefficients except medical industries. This study contributes to suggest rough ideas about the impact of lockdown measures on Korea’s exports.I. Introduction
II. Literature Review
III. Model and Data
IV. Estimation Results
V. Robustness Check
VI. Conclusion
VII. References
VIII. AppendixmasterpublishedSehee KI
focusing on OECD countries
Get PDFThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Public Policy, 2021Today, many countries are experiencing a decline in trust in government. Should this be accepted as a kind of phenomenon called the “New Normal” accompanied with low rates of the growth and employment? Trust in government is regarded as the driving force in effective governance. If a government is not supported by trust from the people, it will be hard to expect people’s compliance to its policies. It would result in major disruptions in implementing its functions. In response, OECD countries have pursued transparent, accessible, and responsive “open government” and established “e-government” by utilizing ICT as a means to enhance the declining trust in government. The limits of representative democracy pointed out for a long time are being consistently supplemented by ICT. The internet provides a “public sphere” where anybody can participate, and people actively express their opinions on political and social issues. The government is also developing and providing various types of platforms where the people can express their opinions and the government can respond to them with greater insight. The era of “e-democracy” supplementing the limits of representative democracy has come to “e-government” in which the people are simply provided public services conveniently on the online. This study identifies the relationship between the establishment of e-government, trust in government and public integrity. The basic premise of this study is that a country where there is high trust in government would have a high level of integrity. This study proceeds with the focus of the relationship between e-government and integrity which is a key value of public interest. Today, the transnational issue of COVID-19 threatens human security. Fighting against this infectious disease of which the end is unknown is underway all over the world. Even the term “With Corona”, considering COVID-19 as a constant as something to coexist rather than to overcome, has been coined. Government of the Republic of Korea releases information related to the infectious disease, as well as the status and movement path of confirmed cases in real time based on its outstanding e-government infrastructure. Korea’s response to COVID-19 shows that well established e-government and release of related information are effective in managing national disasters. As such, public integrity including transparency is expected to serve as leverage to adapt, overcome, and leap beyond the challenge of the times such as the “New Normal” and “COVID-19”.I. INTRODUCTION
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
III. RESEARCH DESIGN
IV. EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS
V. CONCLUDING REMARKSmasterpublishedJeyoung WO
Upward Trajectory of the Accommodation Sharing Economy & Distributional Values
No full textPurpose: The purpose of this study is to address policy preparation and amendments on regulations in accommodation sharing for resource distribution by fostering better adjustment in a society, since previous studies are rarely investigated in those issues. After conduct exploratory research about laws and regulations of accommodation sharing, this study investigates how effective policy instruments improve trust in accommodation sharing and potential growth by investigating the perceptions of individuals and by applying policymaking procedures. Research design, data and methodology: The data is collected via online survey. Structural equation modeling with confirmatory factor analysis and non-recursive model with multiple regression analysis were applied. Results: The results of this study found that among proposed policy instruments, individuals perceive local ordinances, government publicizing and campaign, trust marks, taxation, penalties, and government controls are effective to build trust in accommodation sharing. Policies geared toward the majority of the public are more effective, while governments should establish a strategic approach as to which policies are introduced in public and which role the government plays in the departments. Conclusions: The results provide policy and managerial implications how to enhance distributional values of accommodation sharing economy with proper preparations and amendments of laws and regulations.1
Rally Around Which Flag?: Investigation of the Impact of Sanctions on the Rally Around the Flag Effects Using Focused Group Discussion with North Korean Defectors
Get PDFSocial Distancing, Labor Supply, and Income Distribution
Get PDFThe effects of social distancing measures on income distributions and aggregate variables are examined with an off-the-shelf heterogeneousagent incomplete-market model. The model shows that social distancing measures, which limit households’ labor supply, can decrease the labor supply of low-income households who hold insufficient assets and need income the most given their borrowing constraints. Social distancing measures can therefore exacerbate income inequality by lowering the incomes of the poor. An equilibrium interest rate can fall when the social distancing shock is expected to be persistent because households save more to prepare for rising consumption volatility given the possibility of binding to the labor supply constraint over time. When the shock is expected to be transitory, in contrast, the interest rate can rise upon the arrival of the shock because constrained households choose to borrow more to smooth consumption given the expectation that the shock will fade away. The model also shows that social distancing shocks, which diminish households’ consumption demand, can decrease households’ incomes evenly for every income quantile, having a limited impact on income inequality
Empirical investigation on determinants of national saving in Ethiopia
Get PDFThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Public Policy, 2021National saving is one of the driver sources for sustaining economic growth. However, low savings are cited as a constraint to sustained economic development in Ethiopia. The key aim of the study is to identify the determinant of national saving. The research carried out an Augmented Ducky-Fuller test to examine the stationary variables. The co-integration bound test scheme was applied to see the long-run association between variables. The result has shown that budget deficit, inflation rate, working-age dependency ratio, and trade openness, and deposit interest rate negatively determined national saving. Whereas; the GDP growth rate and broad money supply were positively affected in the long run. Based on these findings, the following policy implications suggest that prudent fiscal policy should be designed with a well-managed expenditure policy to reduce government budget deficits. The central bank needs hard work to enhance financial deepening and liberate deposit interest rates to ensure sustained savings. Give priority to establish a stable macroeconomic situation that will help to handle highly fluctuating prices. The age dependency ratio negatively affects the saving in the long run; therefore, the government should have worked to become out of the baby boom generations will positively contribute to the savings.masterpublishedDegefe Anulo OLKAM