334 research outputs found
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Technical productivity analysis for cement industry at firm level
No full textThis paper analyses the energy use in the manufacture of cement in India during 1992–2005. Cement
manufacturing requires large amounts of various energy inputs. The most common types of energy
carriers used are coal, electricity, natural gas and fuel oil. Over the years, the fuel use shift is less, but
use of natural gas has decreased and that of electricity has increased. Using panel data, stochastic
frontier production function method has been used to evaluate the efficiency of individual firms and
industries across the years. The results show a significant decrease in energy as well as carbon
intensities because of differences in production techniques
Poverty reduction strategy as implementation of the right to development in Maharashtra
No full textReport Submitted to the Centre for Development and Human Rights, New Delhi, February 2005
Determinants of savings of rural households in Kerala
No full textFrom the classical days, saving has been considered as one of the determinants of growth. In the Indian economy, the household sector contributes the lion’s share of the total savings. In the household sector, rural households have tremendous saving potential which has not been considered seriously by the policy makers and hence, measures have not been chartered to mobilise these huge savings. In Kerala, in spite of low per capita income, the rate of savings is very high. There are various factors influencing the saving behaviour of the rural household sector in Kerala. This paper has tried to identify the factors influencing saving behaviour together with the nature of their influence on saving behaviour. The study is based on primary data collected from one hundred households, selected from three villages in the three regions of the state. The study finds that the propensity to save in the rural household sector is very high. Level of income, income inequalities, value of assets and level of education of the head of the household positively influence savings whereas number of male children, number of earners and dependency ratio has negative influence. Among the occupational groups, households engaged in non-farm sector have higher propensity to save. The number of female children was, believed to have a positive influence on savings, however, in the present sample this factor shows a negative influence. In the era of increasing international financial integration, the high saving potential in the rural household sector should be mobilised by proper policy measures to give stability to the economy. Identification of determinants of savings will help in framing policies accordingly
Determination of board and CEO compensation in emerging economy
No full textThis paper attempts to detect the determinants of board and CEO compensation as well as the different components of the board compensation in the context of an emerging economy, India, where managerial market is yet to be developed. I use panel data of the Indian manufacturing sector to explore two broad issues on determination of board and CEO compensation. First what is the effect of corporate governance and firm performance on board compensation? I have found, board structure, firm performance and diversification have significant effect on total as well as different component of compensation. Second, how different personal attributes of the CEO along with other determinants influence the personal compensation of the CEO? I have found in-firm experiences of the CEO and the relation with founder of the firm or group are the most important determinant of their compensation, which is very different from the findings in US and other developed countries. Further, this study reveals the important factors that determine the probability of the compensation of the CEO to cross the threshold level of compensation in India? All other findings are similar to the previous findings
Macroeconomic fundamentals and exchange rate dynamics in India: Some survey results
No full textThe present study examines the relevance of macroeconomic models in exchange rate determination in India. For this, the study has undertaken a primary survey, with the help of structured mailed questionnaire, on the Indian foreign exchange dealers to understand the dynamics of the market. The sample of the study is 91 dealers (24% of the total dealers). The findings from the primary survey is that majority of the dealers feel in the short and medium term, the changes in exchange rate is not influenced by the changes in macro fundamentals, rather is basically influenced by the micro variables like order flow, market movement, speculation, Central Bank intervention etc.. But in the long run, still it is the macro fundamentals that determines the exchange rates. Another interesting finding of this study is that the dealers feel speculation would increase volatility, liquidity and efficiency in the market and on the other hand, central bank intervention reduces volatility and market efficiency
Relationship banking and the credit market in India: An Empirical analysis
No full textRelationship banking based on Okun's "customer credit markets" has important implications for monetary policy via the credit transmission channel. Studies of LDC credit markets from this point of view seem to be scanty and this paper attempts to address this lacuna. Relationship banking implies short-term disequilibrium in credit markets, suggesting the VECM (vector error-correction model) as an appropriate framework for analysis. We develop VECM models in the Indian context (for the period April 1991- December 2004 using monthly data) to analyse salient features of the credit market. An analysis of the ECMs (error-correction mechanisms) reveals that disequilibrium in the Indian credit market is adjusted via demand responses rather than supply responses, which is in accordance with the customer view of credit markets. Further light on the working of the model is obtained through the "generalized" impulse responses and "generalized" error decompositions (both of which are independent of the variable ordering). Our conclusions point towards firms using short-term credit as a liquidity buffer. This fact, together with the gradual adjustment exhibited by the "persistence profiles" provides substantive evidence in favour of "customer credit markets"
Decomposition of energy consumption and energy intensity in Indian manufacturing industries
No full textOf the total final energy consumption in India, the industrial sector accounts for about 37
percent, of which the manufacturing sector consumes about 66 percent (2004-2005 figures)
with chemicals and petrochemicals, iron and steel, pulp and paper and cement industries
being the largest energy users. In the recent past, energy intensity in the manufacturing
sector has been decreasing. This decline is mainly due to fuel substitution away from coal in
some of the sectors, most notably cement. While industrial production in developed countries
stabilizes and declines, the industrial output in the developing world continues to expand
owing to rising populations and catching up on economic growth. This can result in higher
energy use — energy provided primarily by the combustion of fossil fuels — and thereby
higher carbon-dioxide (CO2) emissions. Using the decomposition analysis we show that most
of the intensity reductions are driven purely by structural effect rather than energy intensity
A Conceptual framework for development of sustainable development indicators
No full textThere was a boom in the development of sustainable development indicators (SDIs) after notion of
sustainability became popular through Bruntland Commission’s report. Since then numerous efforts
have been made worldwide in constructing SDIs at global, national and local scales, but in India not a
single city has registered any initiative for indicator development . Motivated by this dearth of studies
added to the prevailing sustainability risks in million plus cities in India, a research is being undertaken
at the Indira Gandhi Institute of Development and Research (IGIDR), Mumbai, India, to develop a set
of sustainable indicators to study the resource dynamics of the city of Mumbai. As a first step in the
process, the ground for development of SDIs is prepared through the development of a framework. A
multi-view black box (MVBB) framework has been constructed by eliminating the system component
from the extended urban metabolism model (EUMM) and introducing three-dimensional views of
economic efficiency (EE), social wellbeing (SW), and ecological acceptability (EA). Domain-based
classification was adopted to facilitate a scientifically credible set of indicators. The important domain
areas are identified and applying MVBB framework, a model has been developed for each domain
Can insurance reduce catastrophic out-of-pocket health expenditure?
No full textIn India, the out-of-pocket health expenditure by households accounts for around 70 percent
of the total expenditure on health. Large out-of-pocket payments may reduce consumption
expenditure on other goods and services and push households into poverty. Recently, health
insurance has been considered as one of the possible instruments in reducing impoverishing
effects of large out-of-pocket health expenditure. In India, health insurance has limited
coverage and the present paper studies whether it has been effective so far. Literature
defines out-of-pocket health expenditure as catastrophic if its share in the household budget
is more than some arbitrary threshold level. In the present paper, we argue that for
households below poverty line any expenditure on health is catastrophic as they are unable to
attain the subsistence level of consumption. Thus, we take zero percent as a threshold level
to define catastrophic health expenditure and examine the impact of health insurance on
probability of incurring catastrophic health expenditure
