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The Jan Sjödin faba bean mutant collection: morphological and molecular characterization
Get PDFBackground: Plant mutagenesis creates novel alleles, thereby increasing genetic and phenotypic diversity. The availability of the faba bean (Vicia faba L.) reference genome and a growing set of additional genomic resources has increased the scientific and practical value of mutant collections. We aimed to genotype and morphologically phenotype a historical faba bean mutant collection developed and characterized by Jan Sjödin (1934–2023) over half a century ago in order to increase its value to researchers. The collection was genotyped using high-throughput single-primer enrichment technology (SPET) assays.
Results: We used 11,073 informative single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers spanning the faba bean genome to genotype 52 mutant lines along with the background line, cv. Primus. A range of flower, seed, leaf, and stipule mutations were observed. The analysis of population structure revealed a shallow structure with no major subpopulations. Principal component and cluster analyses revealed, to a minor extent, that the mutants clustered by their phenotype.
Conclusions: The mutants’ phenotypic variation and shallow structure indicate that the Sjödin faba bean collection has the potential to play a significant role in faba bean breeding and in genetic and functional studies.202
Special issue : Fisheries local action groups, small scale fisheries and territorial development
No full text202
EU:n ja sen jäsenvaltioiden metsästrategioiden tavoitteissa on yhtäläisyyksiä ja eroja
Get PDFEU:lla ei ole sen perussopimusten mukaan yhteistä metsäpolitiikkaa, vaan metsäasiat kuuluvat ensisijaisesti jäsenvaltioiden toimivaltaan. Euroopan vihreän kehityksen ohjelma, sen tavoitteita heijasteleva EU:n uusi metsästrategia sekä eri sektoripolitiikkoihin liittyvä suuri joukko velvoittavaa lainsäädäntöä vahvistavat kuitenkin voimakkaasti EU:n metsiin liittyvää ohjausta. Jos jäsenvaltioiden tavoitteet eroavat merkittävästi toisistaan tai EU:n yhteisistä tavoitteista, aiheuttaa tämä ristiriitoja politiikan toteuttamisessa.202
Männyn kasvun vuotuinen vaihtelu viittaa ilmastokestävyyden perinnöllisyyteen
Get PDFJalostettujen siementen ja taimien käyttö on vakiintunut osaksi metsätalouttamme, ja tutkimukset ovat osoittaneet selvän kasvuja laatuhyödyn jalostettua materiaalia käytettäessä. Männyn jälkeläiskokeissa kasvavien puiden reagointia vuosittaiseen sään vaihteluun ei ole aiemmin tutkittu kairanlastuista määritettävien kasvuindeksien ja DNA-tiedon avulla. Selvitimme vuosittaisen kasvunvaihtelun periytyvyyttä ja kartoitimme kasvuun vaikuttavia säätekijöitä. Tulokset kertovat mahdollisuuksista parantaa puiden ilmastokestävyyttä valintajalostuksella.202
Increase in gross primary production of boreal forests balanced out by increase in ecosystem respiration
Get PDFChanges in the net carbon sink of boreal forests constitute a major source of uncertainty in the future global carbon budget and, hence, climate change projections. The annual net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2) controlling the terrestrial carbon stock results from the small difference between respiratory CO2 release and the photosynthetic CO2 uptake by vegetation. The boreal forest, and the boreal biome in general, is regarded as a persistent and even increasing net carbon sink. However, decreases in photosynthetic CO2 uptake and/or concurrent increases in respiratory CO2 release under a changing climate may turn boreal forests from a net sink to a net source of CO2. Here, we assessed the interannual variability of the boreal forest net CO2 sink-source strength and its two component fluxes from 1981 to 2018. Our remote sensing approach - trained by net CO2 flux observations at eddy covariance sites across the circumpolar boreal forests - employs satellite-derived retrievals of snowmelt timing, landscape freeze-thaw status, and yearly maximum estimates of the normalized difference vegetation index as a proxy for peak vegetation productivity. Our results suggest that for the period 2000–2018, the mean annual evergreen boreal forest CO2 photosynthetic uptake (gross primary productivity) was 2.8±0.2 Pg C y−1 (1.6±0.1 Pg C y−1 for Eurasia and 1.2±0.1 Pg C y−1 for North America). In contrast to earlier studies results obtained here do not indicate a clear increasing trend in the circumpolar evergreen boreal forest CO2 sink. The increase in photosynthetic CO2 uptake is compensated by increasing respiratory releases with both component fluxes showing considerable interannual variabilities.202
Hindered, Overlooked, and Undervalued: Gender Equality in Nordic Blue Economies
Get PDFThe Nordic countries are ranked among the most gender equal countries worldwide. Equality, political, and civil rights, leading to the high participation of women in the workforce, have paved the way for this egalitarian view. However, women remain the minority in managerial positions in general, and they are also strongly underrepresented in many male‐dominated sectors of the blue economy. The aim of this article is to introduce and discuss gender equality in the blue economy, and to assess the status of gender research in the Nordic context. To achieve this, a purposive interdisciplinary literature review resulted in three encompassing themes on how women’s participation is hindered, overlooked, and undervalued. Using these themes as an analytical lens, we propose that the underlying mechanisms are similar within fisheries, aquaculture, and maritime transportation in how they affect women’s participation. Still, there is a lack of statistics and research within parts of the blue sector. To move forward, there needs to be a shift in focus from policy to practice. One starting point could be to implement current knowledge, e.g., regarding workplace design and tailoring equipment to fit a diverse workforce. We call for scaling up best practices and evaluating policy performance and effectiveness. These are prerequisites for sustainable recruitment and retention of the blue sector workforce and the only way forward for countries aspiring to be truly gender equal.202
