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Ohran, vehnän, kauran, herneen, härkäpavun ja ohravalkuaisrehun näennäinen ja standardoitu fosforin sulavuus sioille
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Metsien monipuulajisuuden lisäämisen vaikutukset metsien kasvuun aluetasolla
Get PDFMetsien puulajikirjon lisäämisellä voidaan edistää niiden monimuotoisuutta ja sopeutumista ilmastonmuutoksen. Monipuulajiset metsät kestävät tuhoja paremmin ja lisäävät mahdollisuuksia metsien monitavoitteiseen käyttöön. Tällä hetkellä Suomen metsistä noin 30 % on sellaisia sekametsiä, joissa vallitsevan puulajin osuus on enintään 75 % pohjapintaalasta. Metsien monipuulajisuutta voidaan lisätä muuttamalla metsänhoidon käytäntöjä.202
Exploring the nexus between social and environmental sustainability within EU organic agriculture : a systematic literature review
Get PDFThe European Union’s Farm-to-Fork Strategy and Green Deal underscore organic farming’s critical role in promoting sustainability and addressing socio-economic issues, including precarious, seasonal, and undeclared labor. The EU’s objective to have at least 25% of the agricultural land dedicated to organic farming by 2030 highlights the need for research into the social implications of organic practices, particularly concerning labor conditions, which remains largely unexplored. While existing literature often focuses on organic agriculture’s job creation potential, the specifics of labor conditions within this sector remain insufficiently examined. Limited attention has been paid to how private certification schemes shape labour processes, or to the effects of increased preventive measures on organic farmworkers’ workloads. This study conducts a systematic review of 41 articles to assess how labor issues are framed within the organic farming sector, identifying three main themes: 1. regulatory frameworks; 2. production practices; 3. farmworkers’ employment conditions. These themes are contextualized within the global agri-food value chain, demonstrating how organic agriculture is embedded in a globalized industry. The findings suggest that the social role of organic agriculture is often framed as an economic opportunity for farmers and rural communities or as a means of promoting rural development and increasing revenues through job creation. However, such perspectives risk overlooking the sector’s potential to improve labor conditions. The review reveals an urgent need for qualitative studies that explore the experiences of marginalized groups, including migrant and female workers, in organic farming. It advocates for future research that incorporates labor issues into policy discourse, aiming to enhance labor standards within organic certification schemes. Empirical research is therefore essential to deepening our understanding of the intersection between social and environmental sustainability, particularly in relation to the varied labor regimes present in organic agriculture. This work offers a foundational basis for future studies on the evolving relationship between organic agriculture and social sustainability in the context of the green transition.202
Assessing root biomass in timothy and tall fescue via minirhizotron imaging and core sampling
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Preliminary evidence of softwood shortage and hardwood availability in EU regions: A spatial analysis using the European Forest Industry Database
Get PDFAs the overall demand for wood-based products continues to grow, questions arise on how local wood resources and industry characteristics can effectively meet this growing demand. In the European Union (EU) 550 million m3 of wood is harvested annually, and is to a large extent processed by the wood industry. Little is known about the interplay between industrial capacity and the regional availability of timber resources. We compared the capacities from the European Forest Industry Facilities Database (EUFID) with the estimated wood supply from the procurement areas around processing industries, calculated using a spatially explicit resource model (EFISCEN-Space). We found that the estimated total capacity for the available European countries is 427 M m3 roundwood equivalent (rw. Eq.) for pulp and paper (including both virgin and recycled fibres), 102 M m3 for bioenergy (only bioenergy plants), and 153 M m3 for sawmills. We then conducted an in-depth analysis of three case studies: Norway, the Czech Republic, and Germany. Given the current probability of trees being harvested (excluding disturbances) and the hypothetical optimal grading of the logs, the volume for each assortment type is closely aligned with the current capacity of each industry branch, indicating no overcapacity. We found undersupply of softwood of 3.4 M m3 for the Czech Republic, 1.5 M m3 for Norway, and 3.8 M m3 for Germany. At the same time, in Germany, we found an oversupply of hardwood of 3.0 M m3. Additionally, a substantial amount of biomass graded as bioenergy was found for Germany and the Czech Republic, potentially serving as fuelwood in households. Concerning wood procurement areas, we concluded that a fixed radius of 100 km from the facility limited the availability of raw material procurement, particularly for bioenergy and pulp and paper mills, suggesting that these two product chains use a broader procurement basin than sawlogs. This study provides a high-resolution, spatially explicit modelling methodology for assessing the interaction between potential wood harvest and industrial processing capacity, which can support projections of sustainable development of the forest industry.202