98024 research outputs found
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Biomass models for young planted Norway spruce and naturally regenerated silver birch, aspen and rowan trees
Get PDFWe developed tree level biomass (dry weight) models for Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] H. Karst.), silver birch (Betula pendula Roth), rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.) and aspen (Populus tremula L.) growing in young spruce dominated seedling stands with high mixture of broadleaves. The study material was collected from three planted Norway spruce seedling stands located on mineral soil in southern Finland. Biomass models were estimated by individual tree component (stem, living branches, foliage, stump, and roots with diameter of 2 mm) by using a multi-response approach (seemingly unrelated regression), which estimated the parameters of the sub-models (tree component) simultaneously. Even though the application and generalization of the developed models can be restricted by the limited material, they provide new information of seedling biomass allocation and more reliable biomass predictions for spruce and birch growing in young seedling stand compared with those of the commonly applied biomass models (Repola 2008, 2009) in Finland. Repola’s models (2008, 2009) tended to produce biased predictions for crown and below-ground biomasses of seedlings by allocating too much biomass to roots and too little to needle and branches. In addition, this study provides biomass models for aspen and rowan, which were not previously available.202
Opas elintarvikealan toimijoille elintarvikejätteen kirjanpito- ja tiedonantovelvollisuuden noudattamiseksi (2. korjattu painos)
No full textVuonna 2021 voimaan tulleissa uudessa jätelaissa (646/2011, muutettu 714/2021) ja jätteistä annetussa valtioneuvoston asetuksessa (978/2021) on ensimmäistä kertaa asetettu elintarvikealan toimijoille kirjanpito- ja tiedonantovelvollisuus toiminnassa syntyvästä elintarvikejätteestä. Elintarvikealan toimijoita ovat elintarvikelain (297/2021) mukaan muun muassa yritykset, jotka toimivat elintarvikkeiden alkutuotannon, valmistuksen, tarjoilun ja myynnin alalla.
Tämä opas on laadittu elintarvikealan toimijoille jätelain ja -asetuksen mukaisen elintarvikejätteen kirjanpito- ja tiedonantovelvollisuuden noudattamisen avuksi. Oppaassa käsitellään asioita elintarviketeollisuuden, kaupan ja ravitsemispalvelualan näkökulmista. Toimijat voivat halutessaan käyttää kirjanpitoon oppaan liitteinä olevia ladattavia lomakkeita.
Oppaan valmistelusta on vastannut Luonnonvarakeskus ja siihen ovat osallistuneet lisäksi asiantuntijat Riitta Levinen, Eini Lemmelä ja Sirje Stén ympäristöministeriöstä sekä Tarja Anttila Pohjois-Pohjanmaan ELY-keskuksesta.
Oppaaseen liittyviä kysymyksiä voi esittää sähköpostitse osoitteeseen [email protected]. Lisätietoa jätelain muutoksesta löytyy ympäristöministeriön verkkosivulta https://ym.fi/jatteet/jatelaki.202
Fungal and beetle diversity in deciduous fine woody debris in spruce-dominated forests in relation to substrate quantity and quality
Get PDFDeciduous fine woody debris (DFWD) is a common deadwood substrate type in boreal conifer-dominated forests, but it is usually present in low volumes, and its importance for deadwood dependent biodiversity is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated how DFWD-associated fungal and beetle diversity depends on local substrate availability and quality, and how species diversity differs between DFWD and coarse deciduous deadwood (birch logs) in boreal mixed spruce-dominated forests in southern Finland. We studied 25 forest plots (each 0.16 ha), measuring and sampling all pieces of DFWD with a diameter of 2–5 cm and minimum length of 50 cm. Wood-inhabiting fungi were surveyed from wood samples by DNA metabarcoding and saproxylic beetles were surveyed by bark sieving. Our results showed a clear positive relationship between DFWD abundance and the diversity of fungi and beetles. Tree species and decay class diversity were not important in explaining fungal and beetle diversity or community composition, possibly due to low degree of variation in DFWD quality among the study plots. DFWD hosted more diverse fungal assemblages than birch logs, including species of conservation concern, while no red-listed beetle species were observed on DFWD. Overall, species assemblages associated with fine and coarse deciduous deadwood were non-nested. Thus, DFWD represents a non-redundant complementary deadwood resource type alongside coarse deciduous deadwood in boreal forests.202
Harmonization potential of the fragmented farmlands in Finland: The pros and cons for critical parcel characteristics
Get PDFAgricultural landscapes have been shaped by gradual, partially optimized changes in farms and surrounding areas which have resulted in fragmented agricultural landownership and increased distances on farms. Since Finland joined the EU in 1995, the average farm size has more than doubled which has increased the distances on farms. This may have caused trade-offs with resource use efficiency, productivity, and sustainability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential and impacts of land reallocation by integrating regional variability, logistical factors, and emerging satellite imagery, with an emphasis on enhancing resilience in future climates. This study estimated the theoretical potential for land reallocation between farms to reduce farmland fragmentation but also applied fixed land exchange rates (5 % to 40 %) with the primary aim to reduce distances within each farm depending on the farm size and region. The aim was also to identify co-benefits and trade-offs on the number of parcels in a farm, the production capacity of exchanged parcels, diversification potential, and the proximity of parcels to waterways. While keeping the farm size constant, large potential was found to optimize fragmented landscapes and reduce distances within farms especially on large farms. However, only a moderate exchange rate of 5 % almost halved the distances in the best cases of the farms, while exchange rates >20 % provided less additional logistic benefits. Thereby, modest, well targeted measures are not only more acceptable to landowners but may provide the most benefits with fewer trade-offs. In unsatisfactory cases, large parcels were replaced by higher numbers of smaller ones, productivity differences occurred, and closer parcels became more uniform, which may reduce diversification options, which are important for resilience and sustainability. Hence, merging and reshaping nearby parcels after reallocation might be needed to complete rationalization. Estimated changes in the proximity of the parcels to waterways tended to improve the farmers’ readiness to implement irrigation as an adaptation measure to climate change. The variable outcome of parcel reallocation emphasizes the central role of the current customer-driven consolidation system chaired by independent land surveyors to boost the land reallocation also in the future to improve logistics, resource efficiency, and sustainability on farms that today struggle with cost-crises.202
Puuvarastojen ja puun käyttökohteiden muutokset ovat osa Luken ennustetta
No full textLukijalta-palsta202
Degradation of Pinus sylvestris and Populus tremula by laccate Ganoderma species
Get PDFWood chips and sawdust are used for cultivating Ganoderma lucidum mushrooms. In Northern Europe, side-streams of Pinus sylvestris are highly abundant, however as cultivation substrate they inhibit the growth of G. lucidum. To identify the changes in lignocellulosic composition after fungal degradation, the major lignocellulosic components in P. sylvestris and an optimal substrate for G. lucidum, Populus tremula were analyzed. Populus tremula was evenly degraded while the glucan fraction of P. sylvestris was not degraded and its lignin fraction was consumed almost completely. Despite not being an optimal substrate, P. sylvestris was successfully delignified by G. lucidum.202
Luomupäivät 2024 : abstraktikirja
Get PDFSuomalainen luomututkimus 2024
Vuoden 2024 valtakunnallisilla Luomupäivillä järjestettiin ensimmäistä kertaa luomualan tuoreinta tutkimus-, kehittämis- ja koulutustoimintaa esittelevä posterinäyttely. Luomuinstituutin avaama posterihaku tapahtumaa varten oli menestyksekäs ja saimme peräti 18 tutkimuksen ja kehittämishankkeen esittelyä mukaan!
Tämä julkaisu kokoaa yhteen Luomupäivillä esiteltyjen postereiden tiivistelmät, tarjoten laajemmallekin yleisölle mahdollisuuden tutustua esillä olleiden posterien sisältöihin. Tavoitteenamme luomututkimuksen esiintuomisella on tiivistää vuoropuhelua tutkimustoimijoiden ja luomutuottajien välillä, jotta uusin tutkittu tieto voisi hyödyttää käytännön työtä ja luomututkimus voisi entistä paremmin tuottaa ratkaisua elinkeinon kehittämisen tueksi. Abstraktikirja tarjoaa lukijoilleen tilaisuuden tutustua tutkimusaiheiden kirjoon ulottuen maaperän hoidosta ja ilmastoviisaasta viljelystä aina tuotantoeläinten hyvinvointiin ja yhteiskunnallisiin vaikutuksiin.
Abstraktikirjan tutkimustiivistelmät on jaoteltu viiteen aihealueeseen: kasvintuotanto,
kotieläintuotanto, puutarhatuotanto, yhteiskunta ja koulutus. Toivomme, että tämä julkaisu toimii hyödyllisenä tiedonlähteenä kaikille luomun parissa työskenteleville ja innostaa jatkamaan vilkasta keskustelua, kehittämistä ja yhteistyötä kotimaisen luomualan tulevaisuuden rakentamiseksi.
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Luomuinstituutti202