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Circadian variation in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction : a nationwide analysis of onset, treatment delays, and culprit artery patterns
No full textThe digital economy and the productivity paradox
No full textDespite the billions of dollars invested in digitalization, productivity growth in developed economies remains sluggish and the promised technological revolution has yet to deliver its full potential. This concise book questions why digitalization is not translating into higher productivity and economic expansion, exploring this paradox through the lens of Schumpeter's creative destruction hypothesis. The book diagnoses and analyses the digital economy as the next stage of socio-economic evolution, with a particular focus on the penetration of digital technologies in the industrial economy. It is geographically limited to the countries of the European Union and the United Kingdom, forming a set of 28 highly developed economies. These countries, characterized by a homogeneous institutional order and varying levels of economic development provide excellent material for testing and verifying economic hypotheses, including Schumpeter's theory of creative destruction. In relation to Schumpeter's theory, there is indeed an observed development of a new sector around a technology that is a radical innovation - the Internet - and the development of technologies based on it, AI, blockchain, cloud computing, etc. However, the rate of technical progress is reaching values close to zero, despite the fact that creative destruction should manifest itself in leaps in productivity. The second point of contention with Schumpeter's theory is the question of oligopolies, which should be the environment most conducive to innovation. However, in the case of the digital economy, productivity growth is most strongly influenced by small and micro-enterprises, which may point to different factors of production than in previous industrial revolutions. This is a practical guide for researchers and advanced students of economics
Model idealnego chińsko-angielsko-polskiego słownika terminologicznego dla dziedzin nieuwarunkowanych kulturowo
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Challenges of consumer-based health tourism market segmentation : towards tourists' emotions
No full textMarketing activities are crucial for managers in the tourism industry. The proper implementation of marketing strategy and communication with the right audience enables achieving a high level of tourist satisfaction. It demands the knowledge of the tourist’s nature as a base for market segmentation. However, to reflect tourists’ comprehensive nature, the market segmentation process requires deeper discussion and methodological improvements. This chapter aims to identify the key challenges and issues associated with the tourism market segmentation, as well as methodological issues arising from including customer emotions in the segmentation. The chapter focuses on one of the most significant tourism sub-markets, i.e., health tourists. Despite the specific nature of health tourism, the recommendations are universal and may be applied to the segmentation processes of other tourism sub-markets
No full textBiomolecule–photosensitizer conjugates have rapidly evolved into one of the most powerful strategies for improving the selectivity, efficacy, and translational potential of photodynamic therapy (PDT). By integrating photosensitizers (PSs) with carbohydrates, amino acids, peptides, aptamers, proteins, cofactors, vitamins or antibodies, these constructs overcome long-standing limitations of classical PDT, including poor solubility, insufficient tumour accumulation, and strong dependence on oxygen availability. Beyond enhancing receptor-mediated uptake and enabling precise interactions with the tumour microenvironment (TME), bioconjugation also modulates aggregation, photochemical properties, intracellular accumulation, and immune system activation. A particularly transformative trend is the emergence of supramolecular architectures in which photosensitizers form defined nanostructured aggregates with peptides or proteins. Once considered an undesirable phenomenon, aggregation is now recognized as a tenable feature that governs photochemical behaviour. Engineered aggregates can undergo environment-triggered disassembly to monomeric, photoactive states, or operate as semiconductor-like nanodomains capable of Type I reaction through symmetry-breaking charge separation. This shift toward oxygen-independent radical pathways offers a promising solution to the challenge of hypoxia, a hallmark of the TME that severely compromises conventional Type II PDT. Parallel advances in 3D experimental platforms such as tumour organoids and organ-on-chip systems provide physiologically relevant validation of these conjugates, enabling the assessment of penetration, subcellular localization, immunogenic cell death, and therapeutic synergy within realistic TME conditions. Collectively, the integration of biomolecular targeting with controlled supramolecular design is redefining the landscape of PDT. Future progress will depend on designing conjugates that retain high activity under hypoxia, engineering dynamic aggregate states, and systematically validating these systems in advanced TME-mimetic models. Together, these developments position biomolecule–photosensitizer conjugates as a versatile and increasingly less oxygen-dependent class of next-generation phototherapeutic agents
Impact of breast implant presence and type on mean glandular dose calculations
No full textPurpose: Breast cancer remains the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women, making mammography a vital tool for its early detection. However, the increasing prevalence of breast augmentation raises concerns about the accuracy of radiation dose estimation during mammography. Material and methods: This study investigates the impact of breast implants on mean glandular dose (MGD) calculations in mammography using Monte Carlo simulations. The research uses the GATE simulation framework to model different implant types (saline, silicone, and adipose tissue) to evaluate their influence on the conversion factors used to determine MGD. Results: The results indicate that the standard conversion factors, derived for non-augmented breasts, may not accurately reflect MGD in augmented breasts. Conclusions: The study highlights the need for tailored conversion factors to ensure precise radiation dose estimation in women with implants, ultimately improving individualized mammography protocols
Hidden strategy of open intellectual capital acquisition : a case study of innovative, software-developing SMEs
No full textExisting studies into information technology (IT) agile project management (APM) focus on describing the mechanism of how this process should be executed. The distinctive feature of the extensive literature on the subject is the consensus on the events and stages included in APM processes and maintaining discipline in their execution. However, a study of open intellectual capital acquisition (OICA) in innovative small and medium-sized enterprises in Poland that develop software (2009–2023) reveals the presence of an OICA stage in the events of the IT APM process, which is missing in the existing literature on the subject. The current study reveals that OICA is based on strategy. This strategy is inherently incorporated into the mechanism of APM. Moreover, the study shows that artificial intelligence and machine learning are increasingly used in this strategy, which makes it innovative. This text aims to present the results of the study, focusing on identifying and describing the strategy of OICA as an integral component of the IT APM process
