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No full text2024 was dubbed the ‘super-election’ year, as roughly half of the world’s citizens went to the polls in such states as Indonesia, South Africa, the United Kingdom, South Korea, India, the United States of America and Mexico (with our book containing chapters on the latter four countries). The anticipation of the election results was accompanied by concerns about the future of democracy in the event of victories by candidates not committed to liberal and democratic standards (see e.g. Frum, 2024; Mehta, 2024; Pepinsky, 2024; Tharoor, 2024). The preliminary results indicate that these concerns were, at least in part, well founded, yet politicians’ approaches to securing victory and holding onto power have varied. In countries as diverse as the United Kingdom, India, the USA, Georgia and North Macedonia, populist political actors have exploited a combination of political extremism, polarization and identity politics to gain power and corrupt the institutions designed to regulate them. In addition to the well-documented previous cases, namely, Poland and Hungary, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (although he is surely not the only one) appears to adhere to the conviction that “democratic power is absolute”. In Mexico, President Andrés Manuel López Obrador has circumvented the other branches of government and, in a populist fashion, begun to appeal directly to the citizens. It is telling that the return of Donald Trump to power in 2025 has prompted renewed discussions on the system of legal and civil guardrails that could potentially contain the executive branch
Transcarotid revascularisation using dynamic flow reversal and MicroNet covered embolic prevention stents (TOPGUARD Study) : key clinical, imaging, periprocedural and 12 month outcome data
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Impact of environmentally induced hypothermia on fentanyl and norfentanyl pharmacokinetics following intravenous administration to Wistar rats
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N-Terphenylpicolinamide derivatives designed to target PD-L1 increase activation and proliferation of T cells, and their cytotoxic properties toward cancer cells
No full textProgrammed Cell Death Protein-1 (PD-1)/Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) interaction has a crucial role in maintaining the immune system's self-tolerance by downregulating T cell activation. This mechanism is also used by several types of cancers. By overexpressing the PD-L1 protein, cancer cells can evade the immune response and, therefore, become invisible to the immune system. Herein, we present a novel class of small molecular inhibitors targeting PD-L1 protein. Developed N-terphenylpicolinamides display high affinity to the molecular target. In our studies, we focused on in vitro-based SAR analysis utilizing Jurkat T cells expressing PD-1 co-cultured with CHO/TCRAct/hPD-L1 cells. Furthermore, for the most promising compound, we demonstrated that blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction and subsequently activating immune cells leads to enhanced elimination of cancer cells from the co-culture. In our study, we were also able to rationalize the binding of the small molecule to the molecular target
Do health care professionals trust parents? : A team ethnography of childhood vaccine hesitancy from seven European countries
No full textSpołeczno-naukowe badania nad szczepieniami często podkreślają znaczenie zaufania. Niechęć wobec szczepień bywała zazwyczaj postrzegana jako uwarunkowana stopniem zaufania, jakim rodzice darzą wiedzę ekspercką, instytucje ochrony zdrowia oraz pracowników ochrony zdrowia (HCPs). Koncentrując się głównie na rodzicach jako stronach obdarzających zaufaniem, rzadko uwzględniano dwustronny charakter zaufania oraz zaufanie pracowników ochrony zdrowia wobec rodziców. Niniejszy artykuł w sposób systematyczny bada te często pomijane aspekty budowania zaufania. Opierając się na zespołowej etnografii przeprowadzonej w siedmiu krajach europejskich, obejmującej 466 godzin obserwacji, 167 pogłębionych wywiadów z rodzicami niechętnymi wobec szczepień oraz 171 pogłębionych wywiadów z pracownikami ochrony zdrowia, artykuł analizuje poziomy, formy wyrazu oraz konsekwencje zaufania w kontekście szczepień. Autorzy sugerują, że relacje oparte na zaufaniu są kształtowane zarówno przez zaufanie interpersonalne, jak i uogólnione, oraz wyrażane poprzez wymiary afektywne i poznawcze. Ponadto analizowane są interakcje, w których (nie)zaufanie pracowników ochrony zdrowia może łagodzić niechęć wobec szczepień. Artykuł kończy się przedstawieniem implikacji dla polityk publicznych, w tym dla edukacji, kampanii informacyjnych oraz interwencji.Social-scientific scholarship on vaccination has often stressed the importance of trust. Vaccine hesitancy has commonly been viewed as determined by the degree of trust that parents have in expert knowledge, health care authorities, and health care professionals (HCPs). Focusing primarily on parents as trustors, the bilateral nature of trust and HCPs’ trust in parents have seldom been considered. This article systematically explores these commonly overlooked aspects of trust-building. Drawing on a team ethnography in seven European countries consisting of 466 hours of observations, 167 in-depth interviews with vaccine-hesitant parents, and 171 in-depth interviews with HCPs, this article explores the levels, expressions, and outcomes of trust in the vaccination context. We suggest that trustful relationships are influenced by interpersonal and generalized trust and expressed through both the affective and cognitive dimensions. We further explore interactions where HCPs’ (dis)trust may mitigate vaccine hesitancy. We conclude by providing policy implications for education, campaigns, and interventions
Complement activation and altered fibrin clot properties in obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome : impact on thromboembolism and pregnancy
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Convergence of a novel penalty method for quasi variational-hemivariational inequality with application
No full textThe paper deals with an elliptic quasi-variational inequality with a set-valued map and implicit constraints depending on a solution. First, a result on nonemptiness and compactness of the solution problem is shown by the penalty method. The convergence of the solution set of the penalized problem is proved in terms of the upper Kuratowski limit. Then, the existence of solution to the penalized problem and the convergence of the penalty method are established for a class of quasi variational-hemivariational inequalities with constraint. Finally, the results are illustrated by a mathematical model of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equation with damping and a mixed multivalued nonmonotone slip boundary condition