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    Diminished osteoprotegerin production by gingival fibroblasts from periodontitis patients is associated with their reduced ability to suppress osteoclastogenesis

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    Osteoclast-mediated alveolar bone resorption is a key hallmark of periodontitis. Gingival fibroblasts (GFs) play multifaceted roles in the progression of chronic inflammation; however, their involvement in osteoclastogenesis remains controversial. Here, we analyzed the effects of mediators secreted by GFs from healthy donors and periodontitis patients on osteoclast formation. We observed strong suppression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis by conditioned media from healthy donor GFs, which was independent of any prior in vitro stimulation or infection. These media contained high levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG), and GFs were identified as the main OPG source in gingival tissue using a 3D organotypic reconstructed human gingiva model and a single-cell RNA-seq dataset. Notably, GFs from periodontitis patients produced significantly less OPG compared to GFs from healthy individuals and were less effective at suppressing osteoclastogenesis. Finally, siRNA-mediated silencing of OPG expression in GFs from periodontitis patients further decreased their inhibitory effect on osteoclast formation, confirming the central role of OPG in osteoclastogenesis regulation by GFs. Collectively, these results demonstrate that in healthy gingival tissue, GFs exert bone-protective effects by inhibiting osteoclast formation. However, prolonged exposure to the microenvironment of the inflamed gingival tissue could impair this protective function through sustained reduction of OPG production, which may contribute to alveolar bone resorption in periodontitis

    When the river disappears : emotional attachments and heritage-making in a changing landscape

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    This study offers a better understanding of how post-mining communities emotionally connect to local places they lost and how emotions guide everyday heritage making related to those places’ past, present, and future. Our empirical case focuses on the disappearance of the Sztoła, a small river in Bukowno, located in the Małopolska region of Poland. Using place attachment theory, everyday heritage and solastalgia as an integrated analytical lens, we draw on interviews and analysis of social media. We find that grief, nostalgia, and hope are central to how people experience and narrate place loss. Nostalgia for childhood memories and riverside leisure reinforces attachments, while grief over the river’s loss materializes in collective mourning rituals that sustain its presence in local memory. At the same time, hope and uncertainty animate future imaginaries, revealing heritage as not only preservation of the past but also emotional investment in what might emerge. Our findings advance the understanding of emotional engagements as active forces in heritage-making, particularly within disrupted landscapes. We argue that environmental policies must move beyond material preservation to recognize emotional attachments as critical for navigating environmental change. Incorporating these dimensions into participatory landscape planning can support more inclusive, future-oriented responses to environmental change

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