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    The politics of the history of the Holocaust in Poland since the end of the Second World War

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    This article summarizes important political events in Poland from the end of the Second World War to the present day, which have influenced the shaping of historical policy on the history of the Holocaust. Particular attention is given to the impact of the communist period in Poland on contemporary perceptions of Holocaust history and the attitudes of Poles toward Jews during the war

    Performance of the prototype Silicon Tracking System of the CBM experiment tested with heavy-ion beams at SIS18

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    The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) is a heavy-ion experiment designed to study nuclear matter at the highest baryonic density. For high-statistics measurements of rare probes, collision rates of up to 10 MHz are targeted. The experiment, therefore, requires fast and radiation-hard detectors, self-triggered detector front-ends, free-streaming readout architecture, and online event reconstruction. The Silicon Tracking System (STS) is the main tracking detector of CBM, designed to reconstruct the trajectories of charged particles with efficiency larger than 95%, a relative momentum uncertainty better than 2% for particle momenta larger than 1 GeV/c inside a 1 Tm magnetic field, and to identify complex decay topologies. It comprises 876 double-sided silicon strip modules arranged in 8 tracking stations. A prototype of this detector, consisting of 12 modules arranged in three tracking stations, is installed in the mini-CBM demonstrator. This experimental setup is a small-scale precursor to the full CBM detector, composed of sub-units of all major CBM systems installed on the SIS18 beamline. In various beam campaigns taken between 2021 and 2024, heavy ion collisions at 1–2 AGeV with an average collision rate of 500 kHz have been recorded. This allows for the evaluation of the operational performance of the STS detector, including signal-to-noise ratio, charge distribution, time and position resolution, hit reconstruction efficiency, and its potential for track and vertex reconstruction

    High-temperature oxygen-assisted molecular beam epitaxy of BaWO4_{4} on W(110) : growth mechanism and structural characterization

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    We have studied the growth of barium tungstate, BaWO4_{4}, by high-temperature oxygen-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on W(110). Barium tungstate grows in the form of isosceles triangular-shaped islands, tens of micrometers wide and tens of nanometers in height. The growth was monitored in real time by low-energy electron microscopy and characterized in situ by low-energy electron diffraction, X-ray absorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies. Further ex situ characterization was performed by optical and atomic force microscopies and Raman spectroscopy. Barium tungstate growth on W(110) was performed by dosing only barium in a molecular oxygen atmosphere due to incorporation of W atoms from the W(110) substrate. The islands correspond to the BaWO4_{4} (011) crystallographic orientation and their sides are aligned along the [001] and [1 1ˉ\bar{1} 1] directions of the BaWO4_{4} crystal

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    Difficult heritage : the case of German urban heritage in Polish cities

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    This chapter discusses the issue of difficult heritage by means of the example of the German legacy in Polish cities. Central European cities, due to their location under German town law (Magdeburg rights), were strongly influenced by German urban culture. Over the centuries, however, different strategies have been taken towards this heritage. In the first part of the chapter, the author analyses these strategies in relation to four historical contexts, starting from the Middle Ages. It successively analyses the period of the rise of nationalism in the 19th century, the new context after the Second World War where many German cities became Polish cities as a result of border changes, ending with the contemporary period since the beginning of the 21st century, and especially Poland’s accession to the European Union. In the second part of the chapter, using three cities as an example, Gdańsk, Szczecin and Wrocław, the author analyses the different attitudes to German urban heritage

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