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ASO Author Reflections: Precision in Practice: Breast Surgeons as Catalysts for Quality Improvement
No full textA Systematic Review of Secondary Traumatic Stress in School Personnel: A Synthesis of Quantitative Findings
No full textBackground: Secondary traumatic stress (STS) in school personnel is under-researched, with limited data on its frequency and susceptibility. This systematic review examines the extent of STS and the factors contributing to it among school personnel, defined as individuals employed or contracted by US school systems.
Methods: The review includes only studies that utilized the Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL) and/or the STS Scale (STSS). A comprehensive search identified 18 peer-reviewed publications (2012-2021).
Findings: Thirteen authors used the ProQOL, while six used the STSS, with half of the latter reporting moderate or higher STS levels. Studies using ProQOL scoring methods found average STS levels. Limitations include a lack of sample diversity, as most participants were white (32.4%-97.2%), female (70.9%-93.2%), and teachers (12/18 studies). Many variables had inconsistent findings across studies. Other variables such as leadership practices and school safety showed significant associations with STS.
Implications: These data can be used to better understand factors associated with STS and to inform the development of effective preventative and reactive strategies to reduce the impact of STS on school personnel.
Conclusion: Continued research needs to occur assessing STS in school personnel to better inform best practices for prevention and reactive strategies
Unique contributions of heart failure and chronic pain on physical function and quality of life in older adults
No full textAims: The aims of this study were to investigate if chronic pain presence is significantly increased in older adults with heart failure (HF) compared to those without HF, and if a combination of pain and HF reduced quality of life and physical function.
Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional survey and medical record data from 41,395 participants age ≥65 in the All of Us Research Program were analyzed using linear and logistic regression.
Results: Participants with HF had a higher prevalence of chronic pain than those without HF but was not statistically significant. Having pain only, HF only, and both pain and HF were associated with reduced quality of life and physical function when compared to having no HF or pain. However, these associations were the strongest in those with both chronic pain and HF.
Conclusions: A combination of HF and chronic pain markedly worsened outcomes, underscoring the need for improved pain management
Triceps Neurectomy for Management of Elbow Extension Spasticity
No full textIntroduction: Neurectomy for elbow flexion spasticity has been described, but its role in elbow extension spasticity is not well defined. Triceps spasticity can affect arm posture, function, and ease of care and transfers from a wheelchair. Tendon lengthening of the triceps in combination with hyperselective neurectomy (HSN) has previously been reported, with favorable outcomes. The role of neurectomy alone for triceps spasticity, however, is not well described.
Methods: We performed a single-center, retrospective review of patients who underwent triceps selective neurectomy (TSN) between April 2022 and August 2025. Through a posterior approach, radial nerve motor branches to the triceps were identified and stimulated, with 60-70% of the cross-sectional innervation to the triceps muscles transected, and a 1-2 cm segment of motor nerve excised. Demographics, spasticity etiology, and concurrent procedures were recorded. Outcomes included spasticity (Modified Ashworth Scale [MAS], Tardieu Scale), passive range of motion (ROM), and resting elbow position.
Results: Five patients underwent six procedures (one bilateral). Mean follow-up was 14 (range: 2-36) months. Etiologies of extension spasticity included cerebral palsy (n=4) and stroke (n=1). Three extremities presented with primary triceps spasticity, two developed spasticity following flexor release, and one underwent concomitant flexor and extensor neurectomies. Concurrent procedures included tendon transfer (superficialis to profundus transfer and FCU to ECRB; n=3) and pectoralis lengthening (n=2).
Spasticity was markedly improved post-procedure, as MAS decreased from 3 to 0.7 and Tardieu from 3.5 to 1. Complete resolution of spasticity was achieved in 2 extremities. Resting elbow posture improved from full or near-full extension to a mean 38° of flexion. Passive ROM increased from 20° to 93°. One patient developed mild recurrence at 36 months.
Conclusion: TSN alone safely reduces spasticity, improves passive mobility, and restores functional posture without the need for concomitant triceps lengthening. These findings support TSN as a viable option for elbow extension spasticity
Retrieval Augmented Generation based Large Language Models for Causality Mining
No full textCausality detection and mining are important tasks in information retrieval due to their enormous use in information extraction, and
knowledge graph construction. To solve these tasks, in existing literature there exist several solutions—both unsupervised and supervised. However, the unsupervised methods suffer from poor performance and they often require significant human intervention for causal rule selection, leading to poor generalization across different domains. On the other hand, supervised methods suffer from the lack of large training datasets. Recently, large language models (LLMs) with effective
prompt engineering are found to be effective to overcome the issue of unavailability of large training dataset. Yet, in existing literature, there does not exist comprehensive works on
causality detection and mining using LLM prompting. In this paper, we present several retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) based dynamic prompting schemes to enhance LLM performance in causality detection and extraction tasks. Extensive experiments over three datasets and five LLMs validate the superiority of our proposed RAG-based dynamic prompting over other static prompting schemes.National Science Foundation (NSF) grant number 241727
Trans‐broad‐ligament abdominal cerclage versus blind needle‐piercing abdominal cerclage during pregnancy: A comparison of surgical outcomes
No full textHow to Get Started with Zines
No full textThis resource offers a practical starting point for librarians who want to incorporate zines into their programming, instruction, and collections, drawing on the Herron Art Library’s long-standing commitment to supporting contemporary creative practices and community-centered art research.
The Herron Art Library offers the IU Indianapolis community and residents of Indiana research materials on art and artists pre-history through the present day. The library formally began its service to the central Indiana community as an art research library in 1906. Today, the library continues to enjoy its long-standing reputation as central Indiana's primary lending art library for modern and contemporary art. The library's tradition of responding to the present-day needs of its users is reflected in the resources, services, and special internal and external projects in which the library engages
Alzheimer's disease polygenic risk in early- and late-onset Alzheimer's disease
No full textIntroduction: The genetic basis of sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) remains largely unknown, prompting evaluation of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) polygenic risk in EOAD.
Methods: A LOAD polygenic score (PGS) was calculated in the Longitudinal Early-onset Alzheimer's Disease Study (LEADS) and Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) study and tested for associations with AD risk, cognitive performance, and imaging and fluid biomarkers.
Results: Though PGS was elevated in LOAD and EOAD, it was not a significant predictor of EOAD adjusting for APOE ε4 carrier status and was not associated with age of EOAD onset (p = 0.106) or with cognitive performance (p = 0.417). In LEADS, greater LOAD PGS was associated with differences in neuroimaging and fluid biomarkers, including elevated synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) (p = 2.3 × 10-5).
Discussion: While LOAD polygenic risk contributed minimally to EOAD onset and cognitive dysfunction, PGS association with fluid biomarkers in LEADS suggests a role for LOAD polygenic risk in EOAD pathophysiology.
Highlights: LOAD PGSs were elevated in both LOAD and EOAD compared to controls; however, LOAD PGS did not significantly predict EOAD risk, age at onset, or cognitive performance independent of APOE ε4 in the LEADS. Higher LOAD PGS was associated with lower amyloid PET Centiloids (less brain amyloid deposition) as well as lower CSF biomarker Aβ42 in LEADS (proxy marker suggesting higher brain amyloid deposition) in LEADS; these contradictory findings support the need for larger studies to further investigate whether LOAD PGS is associated with increased amyloid deposition in EOAD. Higher LOAD PGS was also associated with higher levels of CSF synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25), a key component of the SNARE complex, suggesting that LOAD genetic factors may contribute to dysregulation of synaptic transmission and/or pathological protein aggregation in EOAD
INHALE-1: A Multicenter Randomized Trial of Inhaled Technosphere Insulin in Children With Type 1 Diabetes
No full textObjective: To evaluate inhaled technosphere insulin (TI) in children with diabetes.
Research design and methods: A total of 230 youth 4-17 years old with type 1 (98%) or type 2 (2%) diabetes treated with multiple daily injections of insulin were randomly assigned 1:1 to TI or rapid-acting analog (RAA) insulin plus continuation of long-acting basal insulin and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) for 26 weeks. The primary outcome was change in HbA1c, tested for noninferiority with margin of 0.4%.
Results: In intent-to-treat analysis, mean HbA1c (% ± SD) was 8.22 ± 0.87 at baseline and 8.41 ± 1.38 at 26 weeks with TI and 8.21 ± 0.96 and 8.21 ± 1.10, respectively, with RAA (adjusted difference = 0.18; 95% CI -0.07, 0.43; noninferiority P = 0.091). CGM-measured time in range 70-180 mg/dL was not significantly different between groups (adjusted difference -2.2%; 95% CI -7.0, 2.7; P = 0.38). Two severe hypoglycemic events occurred in the TI group and one in the RAA group. Change in forced expiration volume in 1 s from baseline to 26 weeks did not differ comparing TI and RAA (P = 0.53). The TI group reported greater treatment satisfaction (P = 0.004) and had less gain in weight and BMI percentile (P = 0.009) than did the RAA group.
Conclusions: The primary analysis did not meet the prespecified criteria for HbA1c noninferiority. However, TI use was safe over 26 weeks without affecting pulmonary function and was associated with greater treatment satisfaction and less weight gain compared with RAA, supporting TI as a treatment option for some pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes
Spatial single-cell multiomics reveals peripheral immune dysfunction in Parkinson's and inflammatory bowel disease
No full textParkinson's disease (PD) is the fastest-growing neurodegenerative disease in the world1. Gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction can occur decades before motor impairments and in up to 80% of individuals living with PD2-4. We investigated peripheral relationships that may underlie mechanisms along the gut-blood axis that contribute to PD progression. Single-cell multiomic spatial molecular imaging (SMI) of colonic tissue localized and identified inflammatory injury within epithelial cells that appear to be associated with iron mishandling in both inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and PD biosamples. We found that both the single-cell SMI of RNA and protein revealed parallel cross-modal dysregulation in the gut epithelium, in both IBD and PD biosamples. These data are accompanied by plasma (PD) and stool (IBD) protein depletion of CCL22. Our findings suggest iron mishandling along the gut barrier likely contributes to systemic inflammation, which may be one catalyst that primes circulating immune cells to body-first PD progression