21884 research outputs found
Sort by
Gender Norms and Violence: Attitudes Towards Rape and Intimate Partner Violence in Nigeria
No full textSocietal norms are deeply rooted in attitudes towards Gender Based Violence. Different societies have cultures distinct to them that influence Nigerian individuals. Socio-cultural norms play a critical role in shaping attitudes towards gender-based violence. In Nigeria, diverse ethnic, cultural, and religious traditions influence individual and collective perceptions of GBV, including rape and intimate partner violence (IPV). This study examines the interactive effects of gender norms on attitudes towards IPV across various ethnic groups in Nigeria. It also explores the influence of cultural and religious institutions in shaping legal frameworks and societal responses, determining whether GBV is tolerated or condemned.
This study uses Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of practice, especially because of its two important concepts that are deemed relevant to this study, which are meaning and cultural capital. Habitus is the way by which one internalizes and perpetuates a society’s norms and values as they relate to the roles of gender in such a way that people come to normal or abnormal attitudes towards Gender Based Violence. On the same note, it will also open up the discussion on the different powers within such cultures and societies response to Gender Based Violence.
Much of the existing research on the determinants and mechanisms of gender-based violence (GBV) has been conducted outside Africa, limiting the development of context-specific policy interventions. This study is essential for understanding how cultural and religious beliefs shape attitudes towards GBV in Nigeria. It examines the roles of traditions and legal systems in either reinforcing or challenging GBV, highlighting the profound influence of societal norms on perceptions of violence. Additionally, this study explores how these harmful gender norms are passed down and normalised in society; it also considers Nigeria’s ethnic and cultural backgrounds, offering an intersectional view of GBV.
The main focus of this study is on ethnic differences in gender-based violence in Nigeria- specifically differences in gender norms, cultural and religious practices, family structure, socio- economic status and women empowerment between the ethnic groups in Nigeria.
The study uses secondary data drawn from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) conducted in Nigeria in 2018. We use descriptive statistics and multivariate techniques to examine the social determinants of gender-based violence among the major ethnic groups in Nigeria. This study seeks to uncover the cultural, social and institutional factors influencing attitudes toward Gender-Based Violence (GBV) in Nigeria. The findings aim to provide an understanding of the interplay between gender norms and legal frameworks in shaping perceptions of GBV
Lower Body Lean Mass Asymmetry is Not Associated with Performance Asymmetries in Collegiate Baseball Players
No full textAsymmetry in lower body lean mass has been linked to potential deficits in performance and increased injury risk. Countermovement jumps (CMJ) are commonly used as a readiness indicator for athletic performance. However, there is a paucity of data examining the relationship between asymmetry in lower body lean mass and jump performance, particularly in single-leg CMJs (SLCMJ). PURPOSE: To examine whether lower body lean mass asymmetries align with performance asymmetries in SLCMJs. METHODS: Data was collected using bilateral force plates during SLCMJs in 34 Division I male baseball players (body mass (BM)= 91.48±8.62kg, height (H)= 1.85±0.05m, age= 21.29±1.45years). Performance data included jump height (JH), flight time (FT), peak force (PF) reactive strength index (RSI), time-to- take-off (TTO), take-off velocity (TOV), braking impulse (BI), propulsive impulse (PI). Lean mass was assessed via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Percent asymmetry was calculated for the variables, using the Bilateral Asymmetry Index-1 (BAI1) equation. Kappa coefficients were calculated to determine levels of agreement between lower body lean mass and performance variables. RESULTS: Asymmetry levels for all variables were low: lower body lean mass (-0.55%), JH (-4.36%), FT (-1.36%), TTO (1.77%), TOV (-1.12%), RSI (-3.79%), PF (-1.81%), BI (2.33%), and PI (1.47%). Kappa coefficients ranged from slight (JH=0.15, TTO=0.08, TOV=0.15, PF=0.09, BI=0.03) to fair (RSI=0.21, FT=0.21, PI=-0.21) agreement. CONCLUSION: Lower body lean mass asymmetries are not associated with SLCMJ performance asymmetries. Interestingly, the negative fair agreement level suggests that lean mass distribution may be inversely related to propulsive impulse in SLCMJs
The Commodification of Silence
No full textSilence can be used in many ways. In a commodity model of sex, silence can be taken as consent, as it lacks a verbal rejection. The commodity model can also assume that any lack of a “no” suffices as consent. In this model, a participant\u27s silence may then follow sexual interaction as a defense mechanism against the consequences that can follow speaking out about adverse experiences. Silence from those who are part of a class that faces resistance for speaking out can serve as a defense, an attempt to avoid undesirable consequences that are faced by those who do speak out about their own negative experiences. (Though some defensive silences can carry their own harm.) This defensive use of silence is bolstered by social and cultural feedback displaying examples of those who break their silence about their negative experiences and the consequences that they in turn face for breaking that silence. This study examines these defensive silences and the cultural norms that accompany them under the commodity model of sex
Impact of Employee Psychological Empowerment on Job Satisfaction in the Hospitality Industry: A Case Study of Hotels in a Midwestern City
No full textResearch by Elnaga and Imran (2014) found that employee empowerment has been widely recognized as having a direct relationship with the ability to increase job satisfaction in an organization. A past study by Pelit et al. (2011) conducted on 5-star hotel employees in Turkey found that both behavioral and psychological empowerment had a significant effect on job satisfaction. The components of psychological empowerment typically include meaning, competence, selfdetermination, and impact (Spreitzer, 1995). These elements contribute to an employee\u27s sense of control and motivation in their work environment. Employee job satisfaction is crucial to hotels as satisfied employees are more likely to deliver exceptional service which is important for the success and sustainability of the hotel industry. This project therefore examines, from the frontline employee’s perspective, the levels of employee empowerment and job satisfaction in hotels in a midsized Midwest city. The goal of the research is to better understand how employee empowerment and job satisfaction are related. This study is highly relevant and timely, as it addresses important aspects of hotel management and employee performance. It is anticipated that empowered employees would experience higher job satisfaction in traditional work settings. The importance of front-line employees in maintaining quality and increasing job satisfaction is highlighted, calling for a change to work settings that actively promote employee happiness. The study integrates primary data sources, utilizing quantitative research approaches to illuminate the workings of employee empowerment and its effects on job satisfaction in the hotel industry. The research technique utilizes a descriptive design and collects data from front-line personnel in hotels through online survey research. In addition to providing hotel managers with guidance, the research advances the field\u27s understanding of this topic by highlighting the significance of employee empowerment. Employee empowerment is critical for long-term survival of the hotel industry
Examining Psychological Insights to Understand Attendance Behavior: The Role of Workplace Health Promotion Programs
No full textHealth promotion programs (HPPs) are heavily utilized by organizations and when effective, these programs can have positive implications for a business, such as a reduction in worker absenteeism and presenteeism, increased productivity, and an overall more successful workforce. However, the processes involved in the programs’ success has yet to be examined through a psychological lens. This project examined how HPPs lead to effective attendance and health outcomes through the influence of two health-related psychological mediators: health consciousness and health anxiety. Health consciousness (HC) and health anxiety (HA) contribute to work attendance cognitions and outcomes, such as attendance intentions and actual absenteeism, but no research has determined if these constructs predict these variables interdependently or if they are influenced by other cognitive factors, such as an individual’s organizational commitment (OC). In the current study, 250 participants who were employed full-time (Mage=40.2,SD=10.9, 65.1% women, 65.5% White), were recruited from Prolific and responded to measures of HC, HA, absenteeism, presenteeism, attendance self-efficacy, attendance intentions, and OC. Health anxiety and health consciousness were associated with all work outcome variables; however, results of a multiple linear regression indicate that only health anxiety was a significant predictor for each outcome. Further, organizational commitment moderated the relationship between health anxiety and presenteeism: participants with high health anxiety were more likely to engage in presenteeism when they also reported high organizational commitment. These results elucidate the distinct influence of health anxiety and health consciousness on attendance behaviors and cognitions, pointing to health anxiety as a crucial factor, and emphasize that this relationship may be influenced by an employee’s commitment to their organization. The findings from the current study suggest that organizations should be cautious in disseminating health messages that might inadvertently increase an employee’s health anxiety. Such increases in anxiety can reduce the likelihood of individuals engaging in the recommended healthy behaviors, ultimately preventing the organization from benefiting from the positive effects of health promotion programs
Technology in the Second Language Acquisition Classroom: Attitude, Perception, And Preparedness Of Language Teachers In Ghanaian IB Schools
No full textThe integration of technology in education has become essential, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, which accelerated digital adoption in Ghanaian schools. In International Baccalaureate (IB) schools, technology is embedded in the curriculum, yet many language acquisition teachers struggle with its integration. As a former IB language teacher and department head, I observed firsthand the challenges educators—particularly older ones—faced in adopting digital tools for instruction. This study examines language teachers’ attitudes, perceptions, and preparedness regarding technology use in IB schools in Ghana. Using a mixed-methods approach, I conducted a survey across selected IB schools to assess teachers’ perceptions and factors influencing their technology use. In-depth interviews provided deeper insights into their experiences. Findings highlight four key insights: (1) Teachers generally feel prepared, largely due to self-motivated learning; (2) While attitudes toward technology are positive, resistance persists across demographics; (3) There is a strong demand for specialized professional development in advanced digital tools and troubleshooting; and (4) Infrastructural challenges, such as limited resources and unreliable internet, hinder effective integration. To address these challenges, I recommend targeted training in troubleshooting, graphic design, and advanced educational technology for language instruction. Strengthening mentorship and technical support will ensure equitable access to professional development. Additionally, systemic changes—including policy support, investment in digital infrastructure, and strategic planning—are necessary for the successful integration of technology in IB language classrooms in Ghana. By addressing these barriers, educators can effectively leverage digital tools to enhance language learning
Detrital Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Provenance of the Eocene Claron Formation, Southern Utah, USA
Get PDFThree catastrophic landslides make up the recently discovered Oligocene-Miocene Marysvale Gravity Slide Complex (MGSC), those being the Markagunt (MGS), Sevier (SGS), and Black Mountains (BGS) gravity slides, in south-western Utah. These collapses are hypothesized to have been driven by the igneous inflation of the Marysvale Volcanic Field (MVF). Here I assess the pre-volcanic strata that form the floor and environs of the MVF to constrain the regional paleogeography and sediment sourcing prior to volcanism. Detrital zircon U-Pb analyses (LA-ICPMS) were conducted on sandstones and the matrix of conglomerate beds of the Eocene Claron Formation (STATS) and the overlying Oligocene Conglomerate at Boat Mesa (STATS) and show a shift in provenance over time. The detrital zircon age spectra of the pink member (lower) of the Claron Formation is dominated by Mesoproterozoic zircons that I interpret as being recycled from Neoproterozoic Proterozoic-Mesozoic strata exposed in the Sevier thrust belt, which was proximal and to the west of the Claron Basin. The overlying white member of the Claron Formation also is dominated by Mesoproterozoic zircons but shows a larger presence of Mesozoic grains. All Claron pink samples are statistically indistinguishable. The Conglomerate at Boat Mesa is dominated by Jurassic grains that were sourced from the Cordilleran arc in the Sevier hinterland, indicating the loss of prominence of the Sevier fold and thrust belt at this latitude by Eocene time. The Conglomerate at Boat Mesa is overlain by the volcanogenic Brian Head Formation, which was sourced by the Indian Peak Caldera complex, several hundred kilometers to the west. Thus, these data indicate that the Laramide compression in this region had abated by the end of Claron deposition which is revealed by a shift in sediment provenance from proximal sources in the Sevier foreland to distal sources in the Sevier hinterland and the Sierran magmatic arc
Listening To The Body: Attunement and Advocacy in Women\u27s Experiences of Endometriosis
Get PDFEndometriosis is a chronic, inflammatory condition in which tissue similar to the endometrial lining grows outside the uterus, leading to severe pain, fatigue, and other debilitating symptoms. Despite its significant impact on daily life, many women with endometriosis report that their symptoms are dismissed in medical encounters, as their pain is minimized or normalized as an inherent aspect of womanhood. This medical dismissal, combined with a lack of definitive diagnostic tools and effective treatments, leads many to turn to online support communities to make sense of their symptoms, share experiences, and develop ways to cope with the condition. Drawing on theories of embodiment, epistemic injustice, and online knowledge formation, this study examines how women with endometriosis engage in collective knowledge production that validates their lived experiences of pain. Online discourse creates a collective narrative that encourages women to “listen to the body,” attuning themselves to pain and positioning themselves as experts of their own bodies. This process not only helps women advocate more effectively for themselves, but also motivates them to mobilize and advocate for improved care for all women. Self-management strategies, such as dietary modifications, are a result and evidence of this attunement, illustrating how women navigate life with endometriosis through embodied knowledge and experiential learning rather than reliance on biomedical expertise. By centering the ways women construct and leverage embodied knowledge, this thesis contributes to medical anthropology by highlighting the role of collective knowledge production in shaping chronic illness experiences, specifically the experience of endometriosis, and how that knowledge production challenges dominant biomedical narratives that marginalize women’s pain
Slovakian Migration in the Aftermath of the Velvet Revolution: A Qualitative Study Exploring Gender Relations through Migration to the United States
Get PDFTwo million Eastern European immigrants have come to the U.S. in the latter part of the twentieth century, yet there is little research exploring their experiences. Slovakian immigrants represent one group whose presence in the U.S. has not been studied. This thesis investigates how Slovakian immigrants navigate their immigration experience in the aftermath of what is known as the Velvet Divorce, focusing on economic-driven and family-driven migration and transnationalism. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through ten semi-structured interviews with Slovakian immigrants within the greater Chicago area. The informants in this study recalled their reasons for leaving Slovakia, which included the economic state of Slovakia, opportunities in America, and relationships, whether familial or romantic. They continue to maintain their heritage through language, raising their children within the culture, participating in Slovak communities, and staying in touch with their family and friends in Slovakia. These findings provide insights into the intersection of migration and gender, while offering valuable implications for future studies supporting immigrant communities
Scaling Laws for Diffusion in Crystallized Plasma from Molecular Dynamics
Get PDFDiffusion coefficients for crystallized Coulomb plasmas are essential microphysics input for modeling white dwarf cores and neutron star crusts. Solving for diffusion coefficients require running large molecular dynamics simulations with thousands of particles over millions of timesteps. The diffusion in a crystallized plasma has been largely ignored and is often taken to be zero in stellar evolution codes. We find that not only is this incorrect, but we find that the diffusion in a crystallized plasma can be modeled completely using a universal scaling law independent of screening. Our simulations also show that the dominant mode of diffusion in a Coulomb crystal is through the formation of vacancy-interstitial pair defects in the lattice due to thermal fluctuations