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The European Union in the international arena: What kind of power?
No full textAvrupa 20 yüzyılda bitmek bilmeyen savaşlar nedeniyle büyük yıkımlar ve insan kayıpları yaşamıştır. Yaşlı kıta bu durumları tekrar yaşamamak ve meydana gelen yıkımları telafi etmek için çözümün savaşta değil birlik olarak hareket etmekte olduğunu anlamıştır. İlk olarak ekonomik alanda başlayan birliktelik zamanla kıta da ve dünya da yaşanılan gelişmeler nedeniyle siyasi boyutta da genişletilmesi gerekliliğini ortaya koymuştur. Bu çalışmada farklı süreçlerle oluşan Birliğin uluslararası sistemde etkisinin, temsil gücünün ne olduğuna dair inceleme yapılacaktır. Bu inceleme kıtanın tarihsel geçmişi, geleneksel yaşamı ve bu yaşamlar karşısında izlediği politikalar, takındığı tavırlar odağında güç arayışları sorgulanacak olup betimleyici yöntem kullanılarak ayrı ayrı ele alınacaktır. Çalışmanın sonunda günümüzde Birliğin uluslararası arenada nasıl bir güce dönüştüğünün sorusuna yanıt aranacaktır.Europe experienced great destruction and human losses due to endless wars in the 20th century. The old continent has understood that in order not to experience these situations again and to compensate for the destruction that has occurred, the solution is to act in unity, not in war. The unity, which first started in the economic field, has revealed the necessity of expanding it in the political dimension over time due to the developments in the continent and the world. In this study, the impact and representative power of the Union, which was formed through different processes, in the international system will be examined. In this review, the continent's historical past, traditional life, the policies it pursues against these lives, and its quest for power will be questioned, focusing on the attitudes it adopts, and will be discussed separately using the descriptive method. At the end of the study, an answer will be sought to the question of what kind of power the Union has become in the international arena today
Trends of master’s and doctoral theses written in the field of public relations in Turkey according to research methods: 2010-2022
No full textHalkla ilişkiler, geçmişten günümüze faaliyet alanı giderek artan ve toplumu etkileme potansiyeline sahip bir uzmanlık alanıdır. Bu anlamda halkla ilişkiler alanına yönelik yapılan akademik çalışmalar hem alana önemli bir katkı sağlamakta hem de uygulama yönü güçlü olan bu alandaki araştırma eğilimlerini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren üniversitelerde tamamlanan doktora ve yüksek lisans tezlerinde başlığında ‘halkla ilişkiler’ kavramını içeren çalışmalar incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacını; literatürde yer alan tezlerin hakla ilişkiler alanındaki araştırma eğilimlerinin belirlenmesi oluşturmaktadır. Belirlenen amaç doğrultusunda 2010 ve 2022 yılları arasında tamamlanmış; Yüksek Öğretim Kurumu Tez Veri Sistemi’ne kaydı bulunan tüm lisansüstü çalışmalar, belirlenen kategoriler ışığında incelenerek ayrıştırılmıştır. Bu çalışma için içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında YÖK sistemine kayıtlı 435 lisansüstü çalışmaya ulaşılmış ancak 420 çalışmaya erişim izni verilmiştir. Araştırmada elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda; kadınların daha yüksek oranda tez çalışmaları tamamladığı, en çok içerik analizi yönteminin kullanıldığı ve yoğun olarak anket kullanılarak veri toplandığı saptanmıştır.Public relations is a field of expertise that has an increasing field of activity from past to present and has the potential to affect society. In this sense, academic studies in the field of public relations both make an important contribution to the field and reveal the research trends in this field, which has a strong application aspect. In this study, studies that include the concept of ‘public relations’ in the title of doctoral and master’s theses completed in universities operating in Turkey were examined. The purpose of this study; it consists of determining the research trends in the field of public relations in the theses in the literature. It was completed between 2010 and 2022 in line with the determined purpose; all graduate studies registered in the Higher Education Institution Thesis Data System were examined and separated in the light of the determined categories. Content analysis method was used for this study. Within the scope of the study, 435 graduate studies registered in the YÖK system were reached, but access to 420 studies was granted. In line with the data obtained in the research; it was determined that women completed thesis studies at a higher rate, content analysis method was used the most, and data were collected by using questionnaires intensively
Adaptive virtual impedance control with MPC’s cost function for DG inverters in a microgrid with mismatched feeder impedances for future energy communities
No full textMore and more distributed generations (DGs), such as wind, PV or battery bank sources, are connected to electric systems or customer loads. However, the locations of these DGs are based on the highest energy that can be potentially harvested for electric power generation. Therefore, these locations create different line impedances based on the distance from the DGs to the loads or the point of common coupling (PCC). This paper presents an adaptive virtual impedance (AVI) in the predictive control scheme in order to ensure power sharing accuracy and voltage stability at the PCC in a microgrid network. The reference voltage from mismatched feeder impedances was modified by utilizing the suggested AVI-based predictive control for creating equal power sharing between the DGs in order to avoid overburdening any individual DG with low-rated power. The AVI strategy used droop control as the input control for generating equal power sharing, while the AVI output was used as the reference voltage for the finite control set–model predictive control (FCS-MPC) for creating a minimum voltage error deviation for the cost function (CF) for the inverter’s vector switching pattern in order to improve voltage stability at the PCC. The proposed AVI-based controller was tested using two DG inverter circuits in a decentralized control mode with different values of line impedance and rated power. The performance of the suggested controller was compared via MATLAB/Simulink with that of a controller based on static virtual impedance (SVI) in terms of efficiency of power sharing and voltage stability at the PCC. From the results, it was found that (1) the voltage transient magnitude for the AVI-based controller was reduced within less than 0.02 s, and the voltage at the PCC was maintained with about 0.9% error which is the least as compared with those for the SVI-based controller and (2) equal power sharing between the DGs increased during the change in the load demand when using the AVI-based controller as compared with using the SVI-based controller. The proposed controller was capable of giving more accurate power sharing between the DGs, as well as maintaining the voltage at the PCC, which makes it suitable for the power generation of consumer loads based on DG locations for future energy communities
A research on the change in consumer purchasing habits due to the pandemic effect in traditional and virtual food retailing: Migros example
Get PDFSosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Pazarlama Yönetimi Ana Bilim Dalı, Pazarlama Yönetimi Bilim DalıSon yıllarda etkinliği giderek artan e-ticaret en hızlı gelişimini Covid döneminde göstermiştir. Bu doğrultuda gıda perakendeciliğinde de online ticaretin hacmi artış göstermiştir. Tüketiciler için zaman, fiyatları kıyaslama, fiziksel anlamda yorulmama gibi avantajlar sunan online ticaret karşısında fiziksel mağazalar da halen varlığını sürdürmektedir. Çalışma; gıda perakende sektöründe tüketicilerin online alışveriş alışkanlığındaki değişimi bir perakende zincirinin satış verilerini analiz ederek tespit etmeyi amaçlamıştır. Bunun için mağazaların online satışlarının genel satışlar içindeki payının pandemi dönemi ve pandemi sonrası olmak üzere genel anlamda ve kategori bazında değişimi test edilmiştir. Çalışmanın uygulama kısmında hem online hem de fiziksel mağazacılık alanında hizmet veren gıda perakende zincirinin 2019-2022 yılları arası online ve fiziksel mağazasında gerçekleşen alışveriş verileri pandemi sırası ve pandemi öncesi, pandemi sonrası ve pandemi sırası, pandemi sonrası ve pandemi öncesi dönemlere ayrılmıştır. İncelen ikili dönemler arasında toplam ciro içerisinde online ciro payının artacağı hipotezi Wilcoxon Test İstatistiği ile incelenmiştir. İnceleme önce genel ciro payları ardından 4 temel kategori düzeyinde yapılmıştır. Sonuçlar incelenen tüm dönemler için %99 güvenilirlik ile istatistiksel olarak pozitif yönlü anlamlı farklılaşmaları göstermiştir.E-commerce, whose effectiveness has increased in recent years, showed its fastest development during the Covid period. In this regard, the volume of online trade in food retailing has also increased. Compared to online commerce, which offers consumers advantages such as time saving, price comparison, and lack of physical fatigue, physical stores still continue to exist. Study; It aimed to detect the change in consumers' online shopping habits in the food retail sector by analyzing the sales data of a retail chain. For this purpose, the change in the share of stores' online sales in general sales in general and on a category basis, both during and after the pandemic period, was tested. In the application part of the study, the shopping data in the online and physical stores of the food retail chain, which provides services in both online and physical retailing, between 2019 and 2022, is divided into the periods during the pandemic and before the pandemic, after the pandemic and during the pandemic, after the pandemic and before the pandemic. The hypothesis that the share of online turnover in total turnover will increase between the bilateral periods examined was examined with the Wilcoxon Test Statistics. The analysis was made first at the level of general turnover shares and then at the level of 4 basic categories. The results showed statistically significant, positive differences with 99% reliability for all periods examined
Boşanma sürecinde çatışma yönetiminin çeşitli yönleri ile incelenmesi
Get PDFSosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Aile Danışmanlığı ve Eğitimi Ana Bilim DalıAraştırmada boşanma sürecinde olan çiftlerin yaşadıkları çatışmaları çözüme kavuşturma yöntemlerini incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Boşanma sürecinde çatışma yönetimi arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek amacıyla yapılan bu çalışmada, genel tarama modellerinden biri olan betimsel nitelikte ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Betimsel Nicel veriler SPSS 22.0 paket programına girilmiş frekans ve yüzdeleriyle dağılımları verilmiştir. Araştırmada demografik bilgilerin, yaş, eğitim durumu, çalışma durumu, gelir durumu, çocuk sayısı, çocuk velayeti, ilişkiyi bitirmeye karar veren, boşanmanın anlaşmalı olup olmadığının frekansları verilmiştir. Kategorik değişkenler arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi için Ki-Kare analizi, sürekli değişkenler arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi için pearson korelasyon kat sayısı kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verileri boşanan bireylerden online olarak Dijital Platform'dan anketle toplanmıştır.Anket formunu eksiksiz tamamlayan boşanmış 50 kadın 50 erkek toplamda100 kişinin katılımıyla çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri toplama araçları Şen (2013) tarafından yapılan "Boşanma Süreci ve Arabuluculuğu" adlı doktora çalışmasından alınmıştır.Araştırma sonucu katılımcıların evli kaldıkları süre içerisinde yaşanan aile içi şiddet ile duygusal boşanma durumu arasındaki elde edilen sonuçlara göre fiziksel, duygusal, cinsel ve ekonomik şiddetin boşanma sürecinde duygusal boşanma arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamaktadır. Katılımcıların boşanma süreci, boşanma sonrası süreç ve yasal boşanma sürecinde yaşadıkları problemler arasında yüksek ve pozitif bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Boşanma sürecinde yaşanan ekonomik çatışma ile yaşanan iletişim sorunları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki vardır. Boşanma sürecinde yaşanan velayet sorunları ile yaşanan iletişim sorunları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki yoktur. Boşanma sonrası süreç ile sosyal boşanma süreci arasında ise orta düzeyde ve pozitif bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Boşanma süreci ile psikolojik boşanma arasında ve boşanma sonrası süreç ile psikolojik boşanma arasında düşük düzeyde benzerlik bulunmaktadır. Aile boşanması ile aile danışmanı desteği arasında anlamlı bir ilişki yoktur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Boşanma, Boşanma Süreci, Çatışma, Çatışma yönetimiThe aim of the research is to examine the methods of resolving the conflicts experienced by couples in the divorce process. In this study, which was conducted to determine the relationship between conflict management in the divorce process, a descriptive relational screening model, one of the general screening models, was used. Descriptive and quantitative data were entered into the SPSS 22.0 package program and their distributions with frequencies and percentages were given. In the research, the frequencies of demographic information, age, education level, employment status, income level, number of children, child custody, decision to end the relationship, and whether the divorce was consensual or not are given. Chi-Square analysis was used to determine the relationship between categorical variables, and Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between continuous variables. Research data was collected from divorced individuals through online surveys from the Digital Platform. The study was conducted with the participation of a total of 100 people, 50 divorced women and 50 men, who completed the survey form completely. Data collection tools were taken from the doctoral study titled "Divorce Process and Mediation" conducted by Şen (2013). According to the results of the research, the relationship between domestic violence experienced during the participants' marriage and the emotional divorce situation, physical, emotional, sexual and economic violence occurred during the divorce process. There is no statistically significant relationship between emotional divorce and divorce. There is a high and positive relationship between the problems experienced by the participants during the divorce process, the post-divorce process and the legal divorce process. There is a significant relationship between the economic conflict experienced during the divorce process and the communication problems experienced. There is no significant relationship between custody problems and communication problems experienced during the divorce process. There is a moderate and positive relationship between the post-divorce process and the social divorce process. There is a low level of similarity between the divorce process and psychological divorce, and between the post-divorce process and psychological divorce. There is no significant relationship between family divorce and family counselor support. Key Words: Divorce, Divorce Process, Conflict, Conflict managemen
Privacy-preserving real-time action detection in intelligent vehicles using federated learning-based temporal recurrent network
Get PDFThis study introduces a privacy-preserving approach for the real-time action detection in intelligent vehicles using a federated learning (FL)-based temporal recurrent network (TRN). This approach enables edge devices to independently train models, enhancing data privacy and scalability by eliminating central data consolidation. Our FL-based TRN effectively captures temporal dependencies, anticipating future actions with high precision. Extensive testing on the Honda HDD and TVSeries datasets demonstrated robust performance in centralized and decentralized settings, with competitive mean average precision (mAP) scores. The experimental results highlighted that our FL-based TRN achieved an mAP of 40.0% in decentralized settings, closely matching the 40.1% in centralized configurations. Notably, the model excelled in detecting complex driving maneuvers, with mAPs of 80.7% for intersection passing and 78.1% for right turns. These outcomes affirm the model's accuracy in action localization and identification. The system showed significant scalability and adaptability, maintaining robust performance across increased client device counts. The integration of a temporal decoder enabled predictions of future actions up to 2 s ahead, enhancing the responsiveness. Our research advances intelligent vehicle technology, promoting safety and efficiency while maintaining strict privacy standards
An applied study on the advertising industry in the context of artificial intelligence ethics
No full textYapay zekâ uygulamaları, pek çok sektör üzerinde yenilikçi çözümler sunarak işleyişi değiştirirken çeşitli etik sorunların da kaynağı haline gelmektedir. İnsanların günlük yaşamlarında önemli yer edinen ve yapay zekâ uygulamalarının etkisiyle oldukça gelişen reklamcılık da etik bağlamda tartışılması gereken bir sektör olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Reklamcılığın geleceğinin güvence altına alınması ve yapay zekânın reklamcılıkta bir tehdit yerine fırsat olabilmesi için etik sorunların belirlenmesi, incelenmesi ve bu sorunlara yönelik önlemlerin alınması gerekmektedir. Bu araştırmada, reklam ajanslarında yapay zekâ etiği ölçeğinde karşı laşılan sorunlar, sorunların çözülmesine engel teşkil eden zorluklar, gelecekte karşılaşılması muhtemel sorunlar ve bu sorunla ra alınan önlemler incelenmiştir. Derinlemesine görüşme kapsamında ajanslarla görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiş, görüşmelerden ulaşılan verilerin analiz sürecinde içerik analizi ve betimsel analiz yöntemleri birlikte kullanılmıştır. Verilerin çözümlemesi, oluşturulan tema ve kodlar doğrultusunda nitel ve karma yöntemlerde tercih edilen MAXQDA Analytics Pro-2020 analiz programı ile yapılmıştır. Araştırmada, reklam sektörünü yakından ilgilendiren yapay zekâ etiği sorunlarının bulunduğu, ancak bu sorunların henüz reklam ajanslarında hissedilir seviyede olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ajans içinde daha çok yapay zekâ araçlarının kullanımına odaklanılmakta, yapay zekâ etiği sorunlarına alınan önlemler ise yetersiz kalmaktadır. Çalışmanın, yapay zekâ etiği sorunlarına farkındalık oluşturması ve gelecekte karşılaşılabilecek sorunlara ilişkin tartışma başlatması beklenmektedir.Artificial Intelligence (AI) has increasingly captivated the attention of the global advertising sector, with expectations of a significant surge in interest as technology advances. Underneath this heightened interest in artificial intelligence, numerous issues have remained concealed. Therefore, it is crucial to scrutinize the issues arising from the utilization of artificial intelligence applications in the field of advertising. Foremost among these challenges is the ethical dimension, a facet that not only pervades current discourse but also carries a substantial potential for future complications. Some of these quandaries, commonly articulated as AI ethics issues, encompass privacy, security, transparency, and the usurpation of professional roles. In addition, there exist acknowledged yet frequently overlooked predicaments such as bias, data poisoning, responsibility, and the emergence of detached agencies. Remarkably absent in the literature is a comprehensive exploration of AI ethics issues within the specific context of the advertising sector. This study aims to address this gap by illuminating ethical challenges, scrutinizing the identified issues, and proposing potential resolutions for the infusion of AI in advertising. In this context, the research endeavors to delve into the ethical intricacies stemming from the adoption of AI applications in advertising. The objective is to elucidate the perspectives of advertising professionals on this matter, revealing the ethical conundrums confronted by advertising agencies regarding AI, and discerning the implemented measures to navigate these challenges. The study also seeks to explore anticipations regarding potential future AI ethics dilemmas in advertising and how AI applications may fundamentally shape the trajectory of the advertising landscape. The research problem is carefully formulated as follows: “What are the AI ethics challenges encountered in the advertising sector?” The subsidiary inquiries shaping the primary problem are methodically delineated: • Is compliance with ethical principles maintained in the utilization of artificial intelligence applications? • What are the impediments and challenges faced in the implementation of AI ethics in the realm of advertising? • What potential AI ethics predicaments might be encountered in the future? • What measures are undertaken by advertising agencies to address AI ethics challenges? In the research, a qualitative research method was employed to achieve the most comprehensive understanding of the problem, and a semi-structured interview, chosen from qualitative data collection techniques, was utilized as the data collection method. Given the inherent constraints in accessing the targeted population, a non-probability-based, purposive sampling method is meticulously employed for a targeted and purposive sample selection. The criterion for the inclusion of agencies in the sample is predicated on their demonstrable integration of AI applications into their operational frameworks. To meticulously construct a sample that faithfully represents the overarching universe, informational outreach about the research is thoughtfully extended to 30 advertising agencies listed as members on the Advertising Association website. Positive feedback is discerningly received from 5 of these agencies, paving the way for structured interviews. The subsequent analysis of the acquired data is conducted through the prism of descriptive analysis and content analysis, facilitated by the MAXQDA Analytics Pro 2020 analysis program. The research culminates in the discernment that while ethical issues related to AI have manifested within the advertising sector, their perceptible impact within advertising agencies remains nascent. The participants, albeit cognizant of AI ethics issues, reveal a disconcerting inadequacy in their prioritization within the agency agendas, which predominantly emphasize the operational aspects of AI tool utilization. The findings further illuminate that specific challenges and obstacles, not to be overlooked, exert a palpable influence on the current landscape. Additionally, the study identifies a conspicuous lacuna in the formulation of substantive measures to effectively contend with the potential ethical challenges anticipated in the future. Conducting interviews with five advertising agencies selected through criterion-based sampling rather than includ ing all agents that incorporate artificial intelligence applications into their business processes constitutes the primary limi tation of the research. There are additional limitations related to this fundamental constraint. These limitations include the lack of distinction regarding the size of the agencies in the study, interviewing only one professional from each participating agency, and the reluctance of agencies to share all information due to their adopted confidentiality principles. In this context, it is crucial for future research to involve a larger number of advertising agencies and to seek the opinions of multiple professionals from each agency. This study is anticipated to instill heightened awareness regarding AI ethics issues within the advertising sector, thereby contributing to the ongoing discourse and practices aimed at governing AI in consonance with ethical imperatives. The research also proactively recommends that the identified AI ethics challenges be earmarked for comprehensive scrutiny in subsequent studies, each meriting individual and nuanced examination
Thermal dependence on electrical characteristics of Au/(PVC:Sm2O3)/n-Si structure
No full textIn this study, we investigated the current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of Au/nSi structure with an interfacial layer of Samarium Oxide (Sm2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) matrix within a temperature range of 80–320 K. Applying the thermionic emission (TE) theory, essential electrical parameters such as reverse saturation current (I0), ideality factor (n), zero bias barrier height (?B0), series resistance (Rs), and rectifcation rate (RR) were carefully derived from the I–V data. The mean values of BH and Richardson constant obtained from the modifed Richardson plot were determined to be 0.730 eV and 111.4 A/(cmK)2 , respectively. Remarkably, this A* value closely matches its theoretical counterpart for n-type Si. Thus, our fndings successfully highlight the efectiveness of the thermionic emission (TE) mechanism with the Gaussian distribution of BHs in explaining the I-V-T characteristics of the fabricated Schotky structure, shedding light on the intricate interplay between temperature and diode behavior. These insights ofer valuable guidance for designing and optimizing thermal-sensitive devices based on this innovative structure
Bitcoin, Fintech, energy consumption, and environmental pollution nexus: Chaotic dynamics with threshold effects in tail dependence, contagion, and causality
No full textThe study investigates the nonlinear contagion, tail dependence, and Granger causality relations with TAR-TR-GARCH-copula causality methods for daily Bitcoin, Fintech, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions in addition to examining these series for entropy, long-range dependence, fractionality, complexity, chaos, and nonlinearity with a dataset spanning from 25 June 2012 to 22 June 2024. Empirical results from Shannon, R & eacute;nyi, and Tsallis entropy measures; Kolmogorov-Sinai complexity; Hurst-Mandelbrot and Lo's R/S tests; and Phillips' and Geweke and Porter-Hudak's fractionality tests confirm the presence of entropy, complexity, fractionality, and long-range dependence. Further, the largest Lyapunov exponents and Hurst exponents confirm chaos across all series. The BDS test confirms nonlinearity, and ARCH-type heteroskedasticity test results support the basis for the use of novel TAR-TR-GARCH-copula causality. The model estimation results indicate moderate to strong levels of positive and asymmetric tail dependence and contagion under distinct regimes. The novel method captures nonlinear causality dynamics from Bitcoin and Fintech to energy consumption and CO2 emissions as well as causality from energy consumption to CO2 emissions and bidirectional feedback between Bitcoin and Fintech. These findings underscore the need to take the chaotic and complex dynamics seriously in policy and decision formulation and the necessity of eco-friendly technologies for Bitcoin and Fintech
A decreasing failure rate model with a novel approach to enhance the artificial neural network's structure for engineering and disease data analysis
No full textThe study focuses on key metrics used to examine the characteristics of a lifetime random variable distribution in
reliability and survival theory research. In this analysis, metrics including the probability density function time,
mean residual lifespan, mean time between failures, hazard rate, and reliability function are essential. The focus
of the inquiry is these important parameters in relation to the Burr-Hatke exponential model specifically. The
study focuses on key metrics used to examine the characteristics of a lifetime random variable distribution in
reliability and survival theory research. In this analysis, metrics including the probability density function time,
mean residual lifespan, mean time between failures, hazard rate, and reliability function are essential The focus
of the inquiry is these important parameters in relation to the Burr-Hatke exponential model specifically. A key
component of the research is a comparison of the outcomes from the artificial intelligence approach and those
from conventional literature-based methodologies. This comparison study sheds light on how well the artificial
neural network framework performs while evaluating the Burr-Hatke exponential model’s technical features. The
study allows a comprehensive analysis of the training and prediction capabilities of the growing neural network
by calculating multiple performance measures. This comprehensive strategy improves our comprehension of the
model’s survival traits and reliability, offering significant contributions to the larger field of study. The network
structure’s mean square error was estimated to be 5.19E-04, and its coefficient of determination value was
0.99987 for the first neural network model. For the second neural network model, the coefficient of determi nation value was 0.99999 and the mean square error value was 4.58E-06. The outcomes amply revealed the
neural network structure’s extraordinarily high prediction accuracy and the degree to which the prediction
outputs agree with those of the Maximum Likelihood Estimation technique