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Material and social deprivation in the European Union: Country-level analysis
No full textThe study focuses on material and social deprivation as an important aspect of quality-of-life research in the European Union (EU). It analyses thirteen material and social deprivation items considered by the Eurostat. The study aims to compare country rankings based on severe material and social deprivation rates and country rankings obtained from composite indicators covering thirteen material deprivation items. Additionally, using Eurostat data, it evaluates material and social deprivation across EU countries in 2015-2022. The study employs different normalization and weighting methods to construct the composite indicators for country-level data. The results obtained through various methods are observed to exhibit a high degree of concordance. In particular, the severe material and social deprivation rate was found to be a good representative of material and social deprivation in a multidimensional approach. Regardless of the method used, throughout the analyzed period, Bulgarians and Romanians were in the worst situation within the EU. Slovenia and Cyprus improved their situation the most compared to other EU countries, while France, Germany, and Spain notably worsened their position between 2015 and 2022
A reinforcement learning (RL)-based hybrid method for ground penetrating radar (GPR)-driven buried object detection
No full textGround penetrating radar (GPR) systems are effective sensors for discovering various types of objects buried underground, such as military mines, metal objects, and pieces of underground infrastructures. A GPR system can be manually operated by a human or can be an integral part of a host platform. The host platform may be semi- or fully autonomous and may operate in different environments such as land vehicles or more recently air-borne drones. One challenge for the fully or semi-autonomous host platforms in particular is to find an efficient search procedure that would reduce the operation time and optimize resource utilization. Most of the current approaches are based on pre-defined search patterns which, for large and sparse areas, could mean unnecessary waste of time and resources. In this paper, we introduce a method that combines a coarse and therefore relatively low cost initial search pattern with a Reinforcement Learning (RL) driven efficient navigation path for eventual target detection, by exploiting the signal processing pipeline of the onboard GPR. We illustrate the applicability of the method using a well-known, high fidelity GPR simulation environment and a novel RL framework. Our results suggest that combination of a coarse navigation scheme and an RL-based training procedure based on GPR scan returns can lead to a more efficient target discovery procedure for host platforms
Intestate succession in the Russian Federation
No full textSovyetler Birliği’nin çöküşünden sonra Rus Medeni Hukuku’nda yapılan reform neredeyse tüm kurumları etkilemiştir. Ancak Rus kanun koyucu miras hukuku alanında tutucu bir tavır sergilemiş, Rus Miras Hukuku’na ilişkin düzenlemelerde büyük ölçüde eski Sovyetler Birliği hukukunun etkisinin devam etmesine olanak sağlamıştır. Örneğin, Rusya Federasyonu Medeni Kanunu kendinden önceki Rusya Sovyet Federatif Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti kanunlarını takip ederek, Türk-İsviçre ve Alman hukuklarında yürürlükte olan parantel miras sistemini kabul etmemiş, kendine özgü sınıf sistemine sadık kalmıştır. Bu makalede Rus Medeni Kanunu’nda öngörülen yasal mirasçılık düzenlemesi ayrıntılı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Rusya Federasyonu’nda yasal halefiyetin temel ilkelerini ve Rus Miras Hukuku’nda hakim olan sınıf sisteminin özelliklerini incelemektir. Rus hukukunda yasal halefiyetin düzenleniş gerekçesi, kanunda öngörülen sınıf sistemi ve ona hakim olan ilkeler, Rus hukuk doktrini ve yargı uygulaması ışığında değerlendirilmiştir. Rus Hukuk Sistemi, dahil olduğu Kıta Avrupa Hukuk ailesinin temel niteliklerini taşımaktadır. Bununla birlikte, komünizmin hakim olduğu eski Sovyetler Birliği’nde uygulanmış Sosyalist hukukuna ilişkin düzenlemeler Rus Medeni Hukuku, özellikle de Miras Hukuku alanında etkilerini göstermiştir. Dolayısıyla, Sovyetler Birliği’nin dağılmasıyla sosyalizmden kapitalizme geçiş sürecinin başlatıldığı Rusya Federasyonu’nda miras hukuku alanında gerekli yasal dönüşümler büyük ölçüde sağlanamamıştır. Çalışmanın özgün tarafı Rus Miras Hukuku’nda yasal halefiyetin temel vasıflarını, özellikle de Sosyalist hukukunun etkisi ile oluşan kendine has niteliklerine ilişkin açıklamalara yer verilmesidir.The reform of Russian Civil Law after the collapse of the Soviet Union affected almost all institutions. However, the Russian legislator adopted a conservative approach to succession law, resulting in a substantial retention of former Soviet Union legal principles within the regulations governing Russian Succession Law. For example, The Civil Code of the Russian Federation, following the preceding laws of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, did not incorporate the parantelic system adopted in Turkish-Swiss and German law, but remained loyal to its own line system. This article provides a detailed analysis of the legal heirship provisions outlined in the Russian Civil Code. The purpose of this study is to examine the basic principles of intestate succession in the Russian Federation and the peculiarities of the line system prevailing in Russian Inheritance Law. The reasons for regulating legal succession in Russian law, the class system outlined in the law, and the principles that govern it are assessed based on Russian legal doctrine and judicial practice The Russian Legal System has the basic characteristics of the Continental European Legal family to which it belongs. However, the Socialist law regulations implemented in the former Soviet Union, where communism prevailed, have shown their effects on Russian Civil Law, especially in the field of Inheritance Law. Therefore, in the Russian Federation, where the process of transition from socialism to capitalism was initiated with the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the necessary legal transformations in the field of inheritance law have not been achieved to a great extent. The originality of the study is that it includes explanations of the basic characteristics of intestate succession in Russian Inheritance Law, especially the unique characteristics of the Russian Succession Law, which were formed under the influence of Socialist law
Blockchain-Based KYC Model for Credit Allocation in Banking
No full textThe implementation of the Know Your Customer (KYC) strategy by banks within the financial sector enhances the operational efficiency of such establishments. The data gathered from the client during the KYC procedure may be applied to deter possible fraudulent activities, money laundering, and other criminal undertakings. The majority of financial institutions implement their own KYC procedures. Furthermore, a centralized system permits collaboration and operation execution by multiple financial institutions. Aside from these two scenarios, KYC processes can also be executed via a blockchain-based system. The blockchain's decentralized network would be highly transparent, facilitating the validation and verification of customer data in real-time for all relevant stakeholders. In addition, the immutability and cryptography of the blockchain ensure that client information is secure and immutable, thereby eradicating the risk of data breaches. Blockchain-based KYC can further improve the client experience by eliminating the requirement for redundant paperwork and document submissions. After banks grant consumers loans, a blockchain-based KYC system is proposed in this study to collect limit, risk, and collateral information from them. The approach built upon Ethereum grants financial institutions the ability to read and write financial data on the blockchain network. This KYC method establishes a transparent, dynamic, and expeditious framework among financial institutions. In addition, solutions are discussed for the Sybil attack, one of the most severe problems in such networks
Developing treasury and forest lands by lease and gaining the economy Naipköy neighborhood (Süleymanpaşa/Tekirdağ) application example
No full textTürkiye’de her yıl hazine ve orman arazilerinde doğal sebeplerden ve suni sebeplerden dolayı orman kayıpları ortaya çıkmaktadır. Yeniden endüstriyel ağaçlandırma imkânı olmayan hazine ve orman arazilerinde, tarımsal amaçlı ve özel ağaçlandırma amaçlı kiralama ve tahsis faaliyetleri yürütülmektedir. Bu kapsamda; Tekirdağ ili, Süleymanpaşa İlçesi, Naipköy Mahallesi sınırları içerisinde bulunan, 49 yıllığına tahsis/kullanım izni alınan Hazineye ait 102 dönüm orman arazisinde, uygulama projesi kapsamında örnek alınabilecek “Yatırım ve iş geliştirme modeli” oluşturulmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı; oluşturulan modelle hazineye ait olan ham ve verimsiz araziyi geliştirmek, arazi üzerinde gelir getirici ceviz türünün ağaçlandırılmasından elde edilecek gelirle devlet ekonomisine katkıda bulunmak, ceviz ihtiyacında dışa bağımlılığı azaltmak ve istihdam oluşturmaktır. Anadolu’da geleneksel ceviz yetiştiriciliğinde farklı olarak son yıllarda modern ceviz tesisi uygulamalarında, ürün kalitesi ve değeri yüksek olan Chandler cinsi ceviz türünün gelişim süreci anlatılmıştır. Özel ağaçlandırma sürecinde karşılaşılan sorunlar ele alınmış, çözüm önerilerinde bulunulmuştur. Gelir getirici ağaçlandırmanın türü olan ceviz ağacı ve projesinin, en az 12 yıllık süreçte ön görülen, devlet ekonomisine katkısı ve yatırımcısına olan katkısı analiz edilmiştir.Every year in Turkey, forest losses occur in treasury and forest lands due to natural and artificial reasons. In the treasury and forest lands that do not have the opportunity to re-industrial afforestation, renting and allocation activities are carried out for agricultural and private afforestation purposes. in this context; An "investment and business development model", which can be taken as an example within the scope of the implementation project, has been created on 102 decares of forest land belonging to the Treasury, which is located within the borders of Tekirdağ province, Süleymanpaşa District, Naipköy District, for which the allocation / use permit for 49 years has been obtained. the purpose of this study; With the model created, to develop the raw and unproductive land owned by the treasury, to contribute to the state economy with the income to be obtained from the afforestation of the income-generating walnut species on the land, to reduce foreign dependence on walnut needs and to create employment.Afforestation works also contribute to the protection of the natural structure from erosion and its greening. Unlike traditional walnut cultivation in Anatolia, the development process of Chandler walnut species, which has high product quality and value, is explained in modern walnut plant applications in recent years. The problems encountered in the private afforestation process were discussed and solution suggestions were made. In this study, the evaluation methods of treasury and forest lands, the ways and methods to be followed in private afforestation and different rental activities are mentioned. The contribution of the walnut tree and its project, which is the type of income-generating afforestation, to the state economy and its investor, which is foreseen in a period of at least 12 years, has been analyzed
A systems approach to understanding the interconnected factors affecting rural development: A case study from Türkiye
No full textRural development plays a crucial role in the advancement of developing countries such as Türkiye, necessitating a comprehensive examination of the factors that shape this process. This research aims to provide a holistic view of interconnected factors affecting rural development. A qualitative and participatory research methodology was used, which included focus group meetings with various stakeholder groups. Data from the focus group meetings were analyzed through network analysis to gain insight into the relationships between topics discussed. The network analysis results were then utilized to structure a model for rural development using a systems approach, depicting the main inputs for, enablers of, and outputs of rural development. Our results suggest that government support through policymaking and support of critical non-governmental organizations (NGOs) through projects and programs are key inputs for rural development. Support should focus on providing education and training programs to the local community, improving technology and digitalization, empowering local stakeholders, and ensuring economic and social integration of community groups, specifically women and youth. The authors conclude that these enablers of rural development will ensure efficient and effective practices in value-creating economic activities, specifically agricultural activities, leading to improved wealth and well-being in local rural communities
Chaos, Fractionality, Nonlinear Contagion, and Causality Dynamics of the Metaverse, Energy Consumption, and Environmental Pollution: Markov-Switching Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity Copula and Causality Methods
No full textMetaverse (MV) technology introduces new tools for users each day. MV companies have a significant share in the total stock markets today, and their size is increasing. However, MV technologies are questioned as to whether they contribute to environmental pollution with their increasing energy consumption (EC). This study explores complex nonlinear contagion with tail dependence and causality between MV stocks, EC, and environmental pollution proxied with carbon dioxide emissions (CO2 ) with a decade-long daily dataset covering 18 May 2012–16 March 2023. The Mandelbrot–Wallis and Lo’s rescaled range (R/S) tests confirm long-term dependence and fractionality, and the largest Lyapunov exponents, Shannon and Havrda, Charvât, and Tsallis (HCT) entropy tests followed by the Kolmogorov–Sinai (KS) complexity measure confirm chaos, entropy, and complexity. The Brock, Dechert, and Scheinkman (BDS) test of independence test confirms nonlinearity, and White‘s test of heteroskedasticity of nonlinear forms and Engle’s autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity test confirm heteroskedasticity, in addition to fractionality and chaos. In modeling, the marginal distributions are modeled with Markov-Switching Generalized Autore gressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity Copula (MS-GARCH–Copula) processes with two regimes for low and high volatility and asymmetric tail dependence between MV, EC, and CO2 in all regimes. The findings indicate relatively higher contagion with larger copula parameters in high-volatility regimes. Nonlinear causality is modeled under regime-switching heteroskedasticity, and the results indicate unidirectional causality from MV to EC, from MV to CO2, and from EC to CO2 , in addition to bidirectional causality among MV and EC, which amplifies the effects on air pollution. The findings of this paper offer vital insights into the MV, EC, and CO2 nexus under chaos, fractionality, and nonlinearity. Important policy recommendations are generated
The changing nature of warfare and new generation weapon technologies: A examine on hypersonic weapons
No full textSilah teknolojisinin gelişimi, savaşın ilk çağlardan günümüze kadar ki seyrini önemli ölçüde değiştirmiştir. Soğuk Savaş sonrası ortaya çıkan yeni güvenlik tehditleri, silahlanma yarışını hızlandırmış ve devletleri savunma önlemleri almaya zorlamıştır. Küreselleşme ve teknoloji, savunma sistemlerinde önemli bir rol oynamış ve devletlerin bu alana büyük yatırımlar yapmasını beraberinde getirmiştir. Yeni nesil silah teknolojisi, hipersonik silahların gelişimine olanak tanımıştır. Hipersonik silahlar, geleneksel balistik füzelerden farklı olarak, atmosferin üst katmanlarında manevra yapabilme yeteneğine sahiptir. Bu yapıları, onları mevcut savunma sistemlerinin algılama ve engelleme kapasitesinin ötesine taşımaktadır. Bu özellikler, hipersonik silahların stratejik önemini artırmakla birlikte savunma politikalarında yeni düzenlemeler yapılması gerektirmiştir. Hipersonik silahlar, askeri güç dengesini etkileyebilecek bir kapasiteye sahip olduğundan, uluslararası güvenlik üzerindeki tartışmaları da beraberinde getirmiştir. ABD, Rusya ve Çin arasındaki hipersonik silah rekabeti, bu teknolojinin gelişimine önemli bir hız kazandırmıştır. Bu çalışmada, hipersonik silahların uluslararası güvenlik ve istikrar üzerindeki etkisi değerlendirilmiştir.The development of weapon technology has significantly changed the course of war from the early ages to the present day. New security threats emerging after the Cold War have fueled the arms race and forced states to take defense measures. Globalization and technology have played an important role in defense systems and have led states to invest heavily in this field. New generation weapon technology has enabled the development of hypersonic weapons. Unlike conventional ballistic missiles, hypersonic weapons are capable of maneuvering in the upper layers of the atmosphere. This puts them beyond the detection and interception capabilities of existing defense systems. These characteristics have increased the strategic importance of hypersonic weapons and necessitated new arrangements in defense policies. Since hypersonic weapons have the capacity to affect the balance of military power, they have also brought about debates on international security. The hypersonic weapons competition between the US, Russia and China has accelerated the development of this technology. This study examine the impact of hypersonic weapons on international stability
Building relationships on Instagram: Enhancing customer engagement and visit intentions in restaurant
No full textThe study examines how Instagram interactions impact customer response in the restaurant context using the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) framework. It explores how interactions on Instagram influence customers' intention to visit a restaurant, online engagement (OEG), and customer involvement (CI). The study highlights the significance of Instagram as a platform for effective interaction and relationship-building with customers, emphasizing its role in the hospitality industry. The study focuses on restaurant pages on Instagram, utilizing structural equation modeling to analyze data from a sample of 242 Instagram users in Turkey who are restaurant custom-ers. The findings reveal that social media (SM) interactions are positively and significantly related to OEG, CI, and visit intention (VI). Furthermore, the results suggest that OEG and CI mediate the relationship between social media interactions (SMI) and VI, supporting the hypotheses con-cerning the indirect relationships between these variables. This research contributes to understanding SM dynamics and provides insights for restaurant marketers to enhance customer engagement and drive business growth
Is geopolitical oil price uncertainty forcing the world to use energy more efficiently? Evidence from advanced statistical methods
No full textThis paper argues that energy efficiency is a potent shield against oil price uncertainty in an increasingly interconnected world fraught with geopolitical tensions. By reducing dependence on oil, enhancing economic resilience, and improving energy security, energy efficiency measures offer multifaceted benefits for both national economies and global stability. Specifically, a wavelet coherence analysis is conducted to study the response of global energy efficiency to geopolitical oil price uncertainty. Quantile-on-quantile and quantile regressions are additionally employed to separate the impacts of various geopolitical oil price risk quantiles on the quantiles of energy efficiency. These methods are utilized in the examination of global time-series data covering the timeframe 2004:Q1–2020:Q4. The wavelet coherence outcomes indicate a positive correlation between geopolitical oil price uncertainty and energy efficiency, particularly during the energy crisis of the 2000s and the COVID-19 pandemic. The results also reveal that geopolitical oil price uncertainty leads to energy efficiency, indicating that an upsurge in geopolitical oil price uncertainty causes energy efficiency to increase. Moreover, the results from quantile-on-quantile and quantile regressions affirm the predominantly positive effects of geopolitical oil price uncertainty on global energy efficiency. Our conclusion therefore is that through strategic investments, innovative policies, and international collaborations relating to energy efficiency, nations can fortify themselves against the destabilizing effects of geopolitical conflicts on energy markets. This would ensure a more sustainable and secure energy future for all