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Analysis and evaluation of import and export balance of women's ready-to-wear clothing sector in Türkiye
No full textBu çalışma, Türkiye'deki kadın hazır giyim sektörünün dış ticaret üzerindeki etkisini incelemektedir. Özellikle, kadın hazır giyim ürünlerinin ithalat ve ihracat dengesinin ülkenin genel dış ticaret performansı üzerindeki rolü ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı, kadın hazır giyim sektörünün Türkiye ekonomisine olan yansımalarını ve bu yansımaların makroekonomik göstergelere etkilerini belirlemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, ekonometrik analiz yöntemi kullanılarak, Türkiye'nin genel ithalat ve ihracat değerleri bağımlı değişken olarak belirlenmiş, kadın hazır giyim sektörüne ait farklı GTIP kodları altında sınıflandırılmış ürünlerin ithalat ve ihracat değerleri ise bağımsız değişkenler olarak kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda, kadın hazır giyim ürünlerinin ithalat ve ihracatının Türkiye’nin toplam dış ticaret dengesi üzerinde anlamlı ve pozitif bir etkisi olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmanın bulguları, kadın hazır giyim sektörünün Türkiye'nin genel ithalatı üzerinde anlamlı ve pozitif bir etkisinin olduğunu göstermiştir. Aynı zamanda, kadın hazır giyim ihracatının da Türkiye'nin genel ihracatı üzerinde anlamlı ve pozitif bir etkiye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, kadın hazır giyim sektörünün ülke ekonomisi için stratejik bir öneme sahip olduğunu ve sektörel politikaların bu doğrultuda geliştirilmesi gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Sektörün sürdürülebilir büyümesi ve rekabet gücünün artırılması için ithalat ve ihracat dengesine yönelik stratejik önerilerin geliştirilmesi, Türkiye'nin ekonomik kalkınmasında kritik bir rol oynayabilir.Recently, due to industrialization, the balance of nature has been disrupted due to excessive and misuse of natural resources, and this has caused a number of problems. These environmental destructions have caused consumers to be more sensitive about the environment. This situation has led consumers to be conscious and they have started to pay attention to the environmental friendliness of the products they use. Environmentally friendly Product mean products that do not harm nature, minimize the use of natural resources or use these resources to a minimum, are recyclable, reduce or eliminate carbon footprint, and use reduced or zero plastic. As environmental awareness increases and consumers now demand that their needs and desires be met with environmentally friendly products, the concept of Green Marketing has emerged. This concept was discussed for the first time at the conference in 1975, organized by the American Marketing Association on the Environment. In this study, what is a green product? It is aimed to look at the factors affecting green product consumption and its situation in Turkey and the world. It was analyzed by gender discrimination according to demographic characteristics
Neural network and thermodynamic optimization of magnetized hybrid nanofluid dissipative radiative convective flow with energy activation
No full textThis article, motivated by hybrid magnetic coating manufacturing developments, utilizes a neural network-based computational program to study the dynamics of hybrid magnetic nanofluids with entropy generation. A new physico-chemo-mathematical model has been presented to simulate the hybrid magnetic nano-coating flow along a stretching surface to a porous medium with viscous heating. A Rosseland flux model is used for radiation heat transfer and Darcy's model for the isotropic porous medium. The stretching sheet is porous, and wall suction or injection are possible. A robust neural network has been deployed to optimize the physical parameters controlling the transport characteristics of hybrid nanofluids. Specifically, two hybrid nanoparticle combinations are addressed, namely graphite oxide (GO)-molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and copper (Cu)-silicon dioxide (SiO2), both with engine oil as the base fluid. The dimensional boundary layer model is transformed via suitable scaling variables from a partial differential system into a dimensionless non-linear coupled ordinary differential system. The transformed boundary value problem is solved numerically with the BVP4C subroutine in the symbolic software MATLAB, which achieves exceptional accuracy. Validation with previous simpler studies is conducted and a good correlation is obtained. The neural network optimization analysis incorporates Bayesian regularization as the training algorithm. The Bejan entropy generation minimization (EGM) analysis shows that with increasing radiation parameter R-d, both entropy generation rate and Bejan number are increased. Furthermore, an elevation in Brinkman number Br leads to an upsurge in entropy generation rate and a downtrend in the Bejan number. The numerical solution of the boundary value problem reveals that with an increment in nanoparticle solid volume fraction phi(2), magnetic parameter M, inverse permeability parameter epsilon, surface injection parameter (s0) and Prandtl number Pr, there is a strong enhancement in temperature magnitude and thermal boundary layer thickness. With greater nanoparticle solid volume fraction phi(2), magnetic parameter M, inverse permeability parameter epsilon, suction parameter s and a reduction in thermal buoyancy parameter lambda, strong flow deceleration is induced, and momentum boundary layer thickness is increased. The skin friction coefficient is substantially boosted with lower values of magnetic parameter M, inverse permeability parameter epsilon, suction parameter s and higher values of thermal buoyancy parameter lambda. There is a significant decrement also computed in Nusselt number with a greater radiation parameter R-d. The simulations provide a good benchmark for future extensions that may consider non-Newtonian behavior.University of Dhaka; University Grants Commission of Bangladesh Grant [2022-2023]We are grateful to University of Dhaka and University Grants Commission of Bangladesh Grant 2022-2023 for providing the financial support for this work
Common dynamics that caused the crises in East Asia and Latin America
No full text1990’lı yıllar dünya ekonomisi açsından çok ilginç bir dönemdir. Bu yılların başında çok yüksek büyüme oranlarına sahne olan dünya ekonomisi, 1990’lı yılların sonunda Doğu Asya ve Latin Amerika gibi iki büyük krize tanıklık etmiştir. Küresel olarak faizlerin düşük olması nedeniyle gelişmiş ülkeler, yeni sanayileşme aşamasında olan bölgelere yatırım yapmaya başlamıştır. Henüz kırılgan bir yapıya sahip olan bu ülkelere gelen hızlı sermaye akımlarının hızla geri çıkması kaçınılmaz krizlerle sonuçlanmıştır. Bu bölgelerde ortaya çıkan krizler literatürde ayrı ayrı çeşitli teorik bakış açılarıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada iki farklı kıtada farklı zamanlarda meydana gelen bu krizlerin oluşmasına neden olan dinamikler incelenerek, ortak yönleri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Amaç: Bu çalışmada Asya ve Latin Amerika krizlerine giden yolda bu ülkelerin yaşadıkları iç ve dış dinamiklerin ortak özellikleri tartışarak günümüz ekonomilerinde geçerliliğini koruyabilecek politika önerileri sunmaktır. Yöntem: Doğu Asya ve Latin Amerika krizinlerin giden yolda bu ülkelerin tarihsel olarak yaşadığı siyasi ve ekonomik iç ve dış gelişmeler analiz edilerek uygulanan politikalar ve sonuçları ele alınarak iki büyük krizine neden olan ortak dinamikler tartışılmıştır. Bulgular: Dünyada düşük faiz oranlarının olması ve yatırımcıların yüksek gelir elde etme arzuları nedeniyle bu ülkelerin kısa vadeli sermaye akımına maruz kalmaları ve dünyanın önde gelen finansal kuruluşlarının bu ülkelerde yeterli regülasyon olmadan finansal liberisazyona teşvik etmesi de bu krizlere götüren en önemli ortak dış etmenler arasında saymak mümkündür. İç dinamiklere bakılacak olunursa Doğu Asya’da devlet güvencesi ile artan risk iştahı, Latin Amerika’da ise bankacılık sisteminde sahtecilik temelli ortak ahlaki tehlike ekseninde toplanmaktadır. Ülkeler arasındaki en temel fark makroekonomik dengeleri ve güçleridir. Asya ekonomilerinin ve Meksika’nın makroekomik dengeleri gayet iyi olmasına rağmen bu krizlerin tahmin edilememiştir. Ayrıca, krizlerin bu kadar yayılmasındaki ortak nokta aynı bölgede ve aynı karakteristik özeliklere sahip ülkelerin daha çok etkilendiği komşu etkisi de şokların yayılmasıdır. Özgünlük: 20. yy. damgasını vuran bu iki büyük krizlerinler literatürde geniş bir yer edinmiş olsa bu krizler karşılaştırılması ve ortak yönleri çok fazla derinlemesine incelenmediği görülmüştür. Krizlerin ortaya çıkması ardından yapılan analizler temel olarak ekonomik modellerle açıklanmıştır. Dünyaya damga vuran bu iki büyük krizin farklı kıta ve zamanlarda olsa da altında yatan nedenlerin genel anlamda benzer iç ve dış etmenlere sahip olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Ülkelerin gelişim süreçleri sırasında denetim ve gözetim eksikliği yaşanması ve merkez bankalarının finansal sistemin istikrarı için bağımsız, etkin politikalar uygulamaları günümüz ekonomilerinde finansal istikrarın sağlanması için hala önemle dikkat edilmesi gereken unsurların başında gelmektedir.The 1990s was a very interesting period for the world economy. The world economy, which witnessed very high growth rates at the beginning of these years, witnessed two major crises at the end of the 1990s, in East Asia and Latin America. As interest rates were low globally, developed countries started to invest in newly industrialized regions. Rapid capital inflows to these countries, which still had a fragile structure, resulted in inevitable crises. The crises that emerged in these regions have been evaluated separately in the literature from various theoretical perspectives. In this study, the dynamics that led to the emergence of these crises that occurred at different times in two different continents are analyzed and their commonalities are tried to be revealed. Objective: The aim of this study is to discuss the common features of the factors that led to the Asian and Latin American Crises and to provide policy recommendations that may still be valid. Method: On the way to the East Asian and Latin American crises, the common dynamics that caused the two major crises were discussed by analyzing the political and economic internal and external developments that these countries experienced historically and discussing the policies implemented and their consequences. Findings: Lack of regulation and moral hazard are at the center of both crises. The example of the Asian crisis shows that taking the necessary measures to maintain the functioning of capitalism and minimize disruptions is the most important factor in preventing crises. It has been observed in these two crises that a moral hazard crisis is inevitable in cases where there is a lack of regulation and oversight of banks, either implicitly or explicitly guaranteed by the state. Originality: Although the 20th century's two major crises have gained a wide place in the literature, it has been observed that the comparison and commonalities of these crises have not been analyzed in much depth. The analyses made after the emergence of the crises were mainly explained by economic models. It has been observed that the underlying causes of these two major crises, which have left their mark on the world, have the same internal and external factors in general, even though they occurred in different continents and times. The lack of supervision and oversight during the development processes of countries and the implementation of independent and effective policies by central banks for the stability of the financial system are among the most important factors that still need to be taken into consideration to ensure financial stability in today's economies
Crude oil price volatility - An unintended consequence of carbon pricing: Evidence from transfer entropy and wavelet-partial wavelet coherence analyses
Get PDFThe urgent need to achieve the COP-27 targets has become evident due to the more frequent and severe climate-induced disasters and their socioeconomic consequences. The adverse effects of climate change highlight the need for an immediate shift away from fossil fuels without compromising economic development. Internalization of the negative externality in market transactions through the imposition of carbon pricing is widely touted as the most economically efficient means of solving this problem. This study, however, argues that crude oil price volatility could be an unintended consequence of carbon pricing. To this end, information flows between the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme and crude oil price volatility are examined through transfer entropy and wavelet-partial wavelet coherence analyses. Daily data from January 1, 2014 to July 1, 2023 are analyzed. The transfer entropy results show that information on carbon pricing reduces uncertainty about crude oil price volatility and vice versa, indicating that carbon pricing would be quite informative in building models to predict crude oil price volatility. The wavelet-partial coherence analyses reveal that the surge in carbon prices experienced in the late 2010s induced crude oil volatility, whereas the crude oil price volatility triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic forced carbon prices down. This study therefore identifies carbon price movements as a legitimate fear for policymakers, as it is a new source of volatility in conventional energy markets. Caution should thus be the watchword regarding optimal carbon pricing. Aiming to rapidly attain the full optimal carbon price is not recommended. Rapid changes in carbon prices will have strong redistributive implications across economies
A cross-sectional survey on the relationship between nurses' fear of COVID-19 infection and burnout: The moderating role of psychological capital
Get PDFThe aims of this research were to uncover whether nurses' fear of catching COVID-19 resulted in burnout, whether their psychological capital remediated the fear of catching COVID-19 and burnout, and whether it moderated the prospective association between fear of catching COVID-19 and burnout. A deductive, explanatory and cross-sectional design has been employed in this research. The sample consisted of 734 nurses from Istanbul, Turkey. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data between 14 April and 11 May 2021. Discrepancies between average scores of variables were investigated according to the pandemic-related criteria through t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. The partial least squares structural equation modelling technique was used to analyse proposed relationships. Findings indicated that nurses from public pandemic hospitals reported the highest levels of burnout and fear of infection and the lowest levels of psychological capital components. Fear of COVID-19 infection resulted in burnout more weakly among nurses who had a high level of psychological resilience. Optimism impacted burnout negatively. Hope impacted the fear of catching COVID-19 negatively.We cordially thank every participant for their valuable contributions to this research
Examining the effectiveness of artificial intelligence applications in asthma and COPD outpatient support in terms of patient health and public cost: SWOT analysis
No full textThis research aimed to examine the effectiveness of artificial intelligence applications in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) outpatient treatment support in terms of patient health and public costs. The data obtained in the research using semiotic analysis, content analysis and trend analysis methods were analyzed with strengths, weakness, opportunities, threats (SWOT) analysis. In this context, 18 studies related to asthma, COPD and artificial intelligence were evaluated. The strengths of artificial intelligence applications in asthma and COPD outpatient treatment stand out as early diagnosis, access to more patients and reduced costs. The points that stand out among the weaknesses are the acceptance and use of technology and vulnerabilities related to artificial intelligence. Opportunities arise in developing differential diagnoses of asthma and COPD and in examining prognoses for the diseases more effectively. Malicious use, commercial data leaks and data security issues stand out among the threats. Although artificial intelligence applications provide great convenience in the outpatient treatment process for asthma and COPD diseases, precautions must be taken on a global scale and with the participation of international organizations against weaknesses and threats. In addition, there is an urgent need for accreditation for the practices to be carried out in this regard
Improving pressure drop predictions for R134a evaporation in corrugated vertical tubes using a machine learning technique trained with the Levenberg-Marquardt method
No full textThe present investigation utilized a machine learning structure to ascertain the pressure drop in vertically positioned, corrugated copper tubes during the evaporation process of R134a. The evaporator was a counter-flow heat exchanger, in which R134a flowed in the inner corrugated tube and hot water flowed in the smooth annulus. Different evaporation mass fluxes (195-406 kg m-2 s-1) and heat fluxes (10.16-66.61 kW m-2) were used with artificial neural networks at different corrugation depths. A multilayer perceptron artificial neural network model with 13 neurons in the hidden layer was proposed. Tan-Sig and Purelin transfer functions were used in the network model developed with the Levenberg-Marquardt training algorithm. The dataset, which consisted of 252 data points, related to the evaporation process, was divided into training (70%), validation (15%), and testing (15%) groups in an arbitrary manner. The artificial neural network model has been demonstrated to effectively forecast the pressure drop that occurs during evaporation. The mean squared error was computed for the Delta P values observed during the evaporation processes, yielding a value of 1.96E-03. The artificial neural network exhibited a high correlation coefficient value of 0.94479. The estimation fluctuations exhibited a range of +/- 10%, whereas the experimental and anticipated Delta P data demonstrated a divergence of +/- 10.3%
Electromagnetic charge density with a causal current density vector and infinite speed of light
No full text2024 Photonics and Electromagnetics Research Symposium, PIERS 2024 -- 21 April 2024 through 25 April 2024 -- Chengdu -- 201582In past work we have obtained necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of an infinite speed of light c for reference frames in relative motion. These frames could house general linear or specific nonlinear systems and the characteristic for this result was a temporal discontinuity in the relative velocity of the motion of the frames. The search for the same infinite c effect in an electromagnetic system was affirmative provided that the current density vector in motion possessed a temporal discontinuity. The failure of the Lorenz condition was utilized to devise an approach that yielded this result. This property meant the failure of Maxwell's equations. For the Lorenz condition and the wave equations for the potentials are equivalent to Maxwell's equations. Also obtained was the side result of emergence of magnetic sources. The purpose of the present work is to show that in an electromagnetic system an infinite c is possible along with the advent of magnetic sources when the current density vector is simply causal, be it with or without a temporal discontinuity provided that the acceleration of the charge density is nonzero at the inception instant of the motion. We thus extend the previously determined infinite c result for the motion of a charge density with infinite initial acceleration to also include now the case of a motion with a nonzero but finite initial acceleration. With finite and infinite accelerations, we respectively have continuous and discontinuous current density vectors assuming the charge density function is not zero at t = 0. For the continuous case magnetic sources emerge unless the charge density function and the Green's functions for the scalar and vector potentials satisfy a specific condition. For the abruptly starting motion case there exists no restriction. However, for a stationary charge density as in a Hertz dipole (and hence for an arbitrary antenna) where a velocity function is not defined, the causal current density vector continuous at t = 0 will not support an infinite c. An exemplary computation is provided for when the current density vector is continuous using the Green's function for an infinite half space.Istanbul Commerce Universit
The time-frequency-quantile causal impact of Cable News-based Economic Policy Uncertainty on major assets returns
No full textAfter the collapse of the equity market in the early 2000s, the question of the drivers of financial assets returns preoccupied the interest of investors and policymakers in financial markets. Thus, this study explores how newly developed Cable News-based Economic Policy Uncertainty (TVEPU) predicts major assets returns using daily data from 1 January 2014 to 30 September 2023. To achieve this objective, we introduced the Rolling Windows Wavelet Quantile Granger Causality (RWWQGC) test. The empirical results show that TVEPU tends to have predictive power for SP500 across time, frequency, and quantile. The results also show that TVEPU has a strong causal impact on major financial assets returns across time, frequency, and quantile. However, the predictive power of TVEPU for the US 10-year bond, US dollar index, and Bitcoin is weak across time, frequency, and quantile. Based on these results, policy recommendations are offered
RESEARCH ON GREEN FACADE APPLICATIONS AS A BIOPHILIC DESIGN APPROACH
No full textSon yıllarda şehirlerin nüfusunun hızla artması, yapı yoğunluğunun artmasına, yeşil alanların azalmasına neden olmaktadır. Bunun kent ve insan yaşamına pek çok olumsuz etkisi olmuştur. Bu durum ise; insanın doğaya bağlılığını ifade eden ve tasarımın buna göre şekillenmesi gerektiğini belirten biyofilik tasarım anlayışının önemini arttırmıştır. Yatayda yeşil alan oluşturmanın oldukça zor olduğu günümüz şehirlerinde, en etkili biyofilik tasarım yaklaşımlarından birisi dikey yeşil alan sağlayan yeşil cephe uygulamasıdır. Çalışmada biyofilik tasarım ve yeşil cepheler hakkında bilinç oluşturmak amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda; ilk olarak doğa-mimarlık ilişkisi irdelenmiş ve çeşitli doğa temelli tasarım yaklaşımları tanımlanmıştır. Biyofilik tasarımın bu yaklaşımlarla farklılık gösterdiği nokta ve ön plana çıkan özellikleri ifade edilmiştir. Ardından biyofilik tasarımın ortaya çıkışı, tanımı ve ilkeleri belirtildikten sonra bu kapsamdaki yeşil cephe uygulamasına odaklanılmıştır. Yeşil cephenin tanımı, sınıflandırması, avantaj ve çözüm önerileri ile birlikte dezavantajları belirtilmiştir. Daha sonra yeşil cephenin uygulama çeşitleri, uygulanmış örnekleriyle beraber verilmiş, örneklerdeki yeşil cephelerin çevreye, kullanıcıya ve ait olduğu yapıya katkıları irdelenmiştir. Bütün bu incelemeler sonucunda; kentlerde, yeşil dokunun arttırılması; insanların fiziksel ve zihinsel sağlığının korunması; sürdürülebilir bir yapı tasarımı için yeşil cephe kullanımının arttırılması önerilmiştir.In recent years, the population of cities has been increasing rapidly, which causes an increase in building density and a decrease in green areas. This has had many negative effects on the city and human life. This situation; it has increased the importance of the biophilic design approach, which expresses the commitment of people to nature and that the design should be shaped accordingly. In today's cities, where it is very difficult to create horizontal green spaces, one of the most effective biophilic design approaches is the green facade application that provides vertical green space.In this study, it is aimed to raise awareness about biophilic design and green facades. In accordance with this purpose; firstly, the relationship between nature and architecture was examined and various nature-based design approaches were defined. The point where biophilic design differs with these approaches and its prominent features are expressed. Then, after the emergence, definition and principles of biophilic design, the green facade application in this context is focused. The green facade; definition, classification, advantages and solution suggestions together with disadvantages are stated. Then, the application types of the green facade are given together with the applied examples, and the contributions of the green facades in the examples to the environment, the user and the structure it belongs to are examined. As a result of all these investigations; increasing the green fabric in cities; protection of people's physical and mental health; It has been suggested to increase the use of green facades for a sustainable building design